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11Unit5SilentSpring
11-Unit-5--Silent-Spring
LT
八、教学方法和措施
本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段,主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式,具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。
九.作业,讨论题,思考题
完成课后练习;
多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说,扩大阅读量;
精听与泛听相结合,逐步提高自己的听力水平;
积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动;
坚持用英语写日记;
做一些专四相关练习;
十.参考资料:
1)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》(3)第二版,学生用书。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,2012。
2)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》(3)第二版,教师用书。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,2012。
3)李观仪主编,《新编英语教程》(第三、四册)。
上海:
上海外语教学研究出版,1999。
4)黄源深,虞苏美等主编,《综合英语教程》(1-4册)。
北京:
高等教育出版社,1998。
5)《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》,北京:
外语教学研究出版社,2000。
6)JudyPearsall主编,《新牛津英语词典》。
上海:
上海外语教育出版社,1998。
7)丁往道、吴冰等编著,《英语写作手册》。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社。
8)张道真,《现代英语用法词典》(重排本)。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,1994。
9)张道真,温志达,《英语语法大全》上、下卷。
北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,1998。
十一、课后小结
Unit5SilentSpring
PartOneWarm–up
1.1Warm-upQuestions
1.Whatisthemessagegiventousintheessay?
WhatareRachelCarson’smainarguments?
Havetheystoodthetestoftime?
2.Wearefacedwithallkindsofenvironmentalproblemsnowadays.ButwhatistheonethatRachelCarsondealtwithinherbookSilentSpring?
3.Howdochemicalsaffecttheenvironmentandpeople?
4.DoesCarsonmeanthatinsecticidesshouldneverbeusedinagriculture?
1.2Definethefollowingwordsandphrases
1.begearedto
2.introduce…into
3.agreatvarietyof…
4.holdsthwithinbounds
5.built-in
6.check
7.alimiton…
8.setthestagefor
9.explosive(increases)
10.liveon(wheat)
11.a/anotherfactorin…is…
PartTwoBackgroundInformation
2.1RachelCarson(1907-1964)biologist,writer,ecologist
1.intenselovefornaturesinceherchildhood→
“Humanshavenowacquiredafatefulpowertoalterandtodestroynature.ButManisapartofnature,andhiswaragainstnatureisinevitablyawaragainsthimself.”
―RachelCarson
Shewasoncebitterlyattacked:
“ananti-humanitariancrank,apriestessofnature,andahystericalwoman”
Butshecourageouslywentonfightinguntilherideacaughtonandmoreandmorepeoplejoinedin.
→themotherofmodernenvironmentalmovement
Aboutthebook:
1.Whenwasitpublished?
2.Whowastheauthor?
3.Whatisitabout?
Whatisitscentralargument?
4.Howwasitreceived?
5.Howsignificantisitnow?
6.Doesitstillmakesensenow?
PartThreeTextAppreciation
3.1TextAnalysis
1.Questionsforthinking:
a.WhatcanyouinferaboutCarson’sviewoftherelationbetweenmanandnature?
b.Washerviewcommoninhertime?
c.Howdoyouarriveatthisinference?
3.1.2Structureofthetext
PartI:
paras.1-6
atownbefore&afterthedisaster
PartII:
paras.7-9
causeofthedisaster:
chemicals
PartIII:
paras.10-14
character&impactofman’stamperingwithnature
PartIV:
paras.15-18
reasonswhypesticidesfailtosolvethepestproblem
PartV:
paras.19-24
causeofmodernpestproblemandpossiblesolutions
PartVI:
para.25
conclusion
Logic&Technique
What:
frominteresttoconcerndescription
How:
fromgeneraltospecificexposition
fromnaturetoman
Why:
fromeffecttocauseargumentation
How:
fromcausetosolutionexposition&argumentation
Relevantquestions:
1.WhydidCarsondevoteawholeparagraphtodescribethespreadingofspeciesinnaturebeforeshementionedman’sroleintheprocess?
2Didshealwaysfirstdescribethemechanismsinnaturebeforetalkingaboutman’stamperingwithnature?
3.Whydidshepresentherideasinthisway?
What’sherhiddenargument?
3.1.3DetailedAnalysisofthetext
PartI:
MainIdea
Contrast:
atownbefore&afterthedisaster
BeforeAfter
ColorColor
SoundSound
MotionMotion
Overallimpression:
Overallimpression:
vibrant,lifeless,
harmonious,deserted,
beautifulawful
PartII:
Discussion
1.Whydidtheauthorpaintsuchabeautifulpictureofanon-existenttown?
2.Whatwasshetryingtoappealto?
PartIII:
Discussion
1.Howhasmanchangedtherelationbetweenorganismsandtheirsurroundings?
HumanNature
Direction:
Direction:
life→environmentenvironment→life
Speed:
Speed:
Character:
destructiveCharacter:
adaptative
irrecoverable
2.Inwhatwayhasman’spowerchangedincharacter?
(para.11)
3.Howdochemicalsaffectourlife?
(para.11)
“passingfromonetoanother
inachainofpoisoninganddeath”
4.Whatarethetwoexamplesgivenbytheauthorasman’stamperingwithnature?
(paras.11-13)
5.Whyisman’schangeoftheworldparticularlydevastating?
(paras.12-14)
PartIV:
Discussion
1.Whyarepesticidesnotagoodsolution?
(3reasons)
Theykillindiscriminately,reducingbiodiversity.(para.16)
Theycontaminatetheentireenvironment.(para.16)
–residualeffect
Theycouldn’tsolvethepestproblem.(para.17)
–resistancetochemicals
–resurgenceinducedbypesticides
2.Whatdoesthe“endlessspiral”referto?
(para.17)
3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“alllifeiscaughtupinitsviolentcrossfire”?
(para.17)
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsman’suseofchemicals?
Howisitimplied?
Rhetoricalquestions:
“Cananyonebelieveitis…?
”(para.16)
“Howcouldintelligentbeings…?
”(para.18)
PartV:
Discussion
1.Whatprinciplesshouldwefollowtosolvethepestproblem?
(para.19)
2.Howdidthepestproblemcomeintobeing?
intensificationofagriculture(para.20)
invasionofimportedspecies(paras.21-23)
3.Doesspreadingoforganismstonewplaceshappeninnature?
Howdoesithappen?
Whatistheprimaryfactorinthisnaturalprocess?
geologicalelement,i.e.separatingandrejoiningoflandswhichtookmillionsofyearstocomplete(para.21)
4.Whatarethesensiblemeasurestosolvethepestproblem?
(para.24)
toavoidsuppressing“pests”
togetmoreknowledge
topromoteanevenbalance
5.Inwhatwayshavewedonewronginusingchemicals?
3.2WritingDevices
1.Whatisgoodwriting?
Hermeasured,carefully-worded(language)yetpassionateprose(passion,love)wasallthemoredamningbecauseshe,herself,wasascientist(ideas;information).
2.Howcanwewritewithpowerandprecision?
2.1Eloquence
Parallels
…untiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.(para.11)
…tostillthesongofbirdsandtheleapingoffish,tocoattheleaveswithadeadlyfilm,andtolingeroninsoil…(para.16)
Rhetoricalquestions
Cananyonebelieve…?
(para.16)
Howcouldintelligentbeings…?
(para.18)
Antitheses:
(juxtapositionofcontrastingideasinonegrammaticalstructure)
Therapidityofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.(para.13)
…thisimaginedtragedymayeasilybecomeaharshrealityweallshallknow.(para.8)
2.2Precision
Qualifyingexpressions:
Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsofthe
earth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeen
moldedbytheenvironment.(para.10)
Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.(para.11)
Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbe
futile.(para.14)
Specialverbs:
n.–v.:
flame,coat,lineadj.–v.:
still,brown,damp
3.3SentenceParaphrase
1.TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoliveinharmonywithitsurroundings.
OnceuponatimetherewasatowninthecentralpartofAmericawherealllivingthingsseemedtoexistpeacefullywiththeirenvironment.
2.Inautumn,oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundofpines.
Inautumn,theoak,mapleandbirchtreesturnedyellow,redorbrown,makingabeautifulshowofcolorsagainstthedarkgreenofpinetrees.
3.Thensomeevilspellsettledonthecommunity:
mysteriousdiseasesswepttheflocksofchickens;thecattleandsheepsickenedanddied.
Then,asifbysomeevilpower,diseasestruckthecommunity:
strangediseasesquicklystruckdownlargenumbersofchicken;thecattleandsheepbecameillanddied.
4.Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted.
Nobirdscametoeatordrinkwhatwasthereatthefeedingstations.
5.Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbed(有规律地颤动)withthedawnchorusofscoresofbirdvoicestherewasnownosound;
Themorningairusedtovibratewiththesingingofbirds,buttherewasnownosound…
6.aharshrealityweallshallknow.
someseriousconsequencethatweallhavetoface
7.Thisbookisanattempttoexplain:
Thisbook,SilentSpring,intendstoexplainwhathascausedthedisastersinmanytownsinAmerica.
8.ahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings
ahistoryofhowlivingthingsandtheirenvironmentaffectandrelatetoeachother.
9.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.
Thephysicalfeaturesandhabitsofthelivingthingsonearthhavebeengreatlyshapedbytheirsurroundings.
10.Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.
Whenwethinkofthelonghistoryoflifeonearth,thedegreelivingthingsaffecttheirenvironmenthasbeeninsignificantascomparedwiththeeffectoftheenvironmentonplantandanimallife.
11.butithaschangedincharacter
butthenatureofthispowertoaltertheenvironmenthaschanged.
12.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.
Inmostcases,thepollutedair,soil,riversandtheseacannotberestoredtotheiroriginalnaturalstate.
13.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.
Ortheygetdeeperintoundergroundstreams,undergosomechemicalprocesssomewhere,andthenbecomenewsubstancesthatcontaminatewells,killplantsand