大学英语六级分类模拟题318.docx

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大学英语六级分类模拟题318.docx

大学英语六级分类模拟题318

大学英语六级分类模拟题318

(总分:

100.00,做题时间:

90分钟)

一、ReadingComprehension(总题数:

0,分数:

0.00)

二、(总题数:

0,分数:

0.00)

三、(总题数:

5,分数:

100.00)

Womenarehalfthepopulationbutonly15%ofboardmembersatbigAmericanfirms,and10%in

Europe.Companiesthatfishinonlyhalfofthetalentpoolwillloseouttothosethatcasttheir

netmorewidely.Thereisalsoevidencethatmixedboardsmakebetterdecisions.

Mindfulofthis,Europeancountriesarepassinglawsthatwouldforcecompaniestopromotemorewomentotheexecutivesuite.AnewFrenchlawrequireslistedfirmstoreserve40%ofboardseatsforwomenby2017.NorwayandSpainhavesimilarlaws;Germanyisconsideringone.TheEuropeanParliamentdeclaredthismonththatsuchquotasshouldbeappliedthroughouttheEuropeanUnion.Therearetwomainargumentsforcompulsoryquotas.Oneisthatthemenwhodominatecorporateboardsarehopelesslysexist:

theypromotepeoplelikethemselvesandignoreanyfemaletalent.

Thesecondargumentismoresubtle.Talentedexecutivesneedmentors(导师)tohelpthemclimbtheladder.Maledirectorsmentoryoungmenbutarereluctanttogetfriendlywithyoungwomen,lesttherelationshipbemisinterpreted.Quotaswillbreakthisviciouscyclebyputtinglotsofwomenatthetop,whocanthenoffertheirsistersalegup.

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemainobstacletowomenscareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycareforelderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfromfull-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderforwomentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.

Whatismore,bigcompaniesareincreasinglyglobal.Manywantabosswhohasworkedinmorethanonecountry.Suchforeignpostingsdisruptfamilies;manywomenturnthemdown.Andmany,anticipatingacareerbreakatsomepointinthefuture,enterfieldswheretheirskillswillnotquicklybecomeoutdated,suchaslaworhumanresources.Somelawyersmakegoodchiefexecutives.Butfirmsoftenwantpeoplewithfinancialoroperationalexperienceforthetopjobs,andthesefieldsarestillmale-dominated.

Quotasaretoobluntatoolforsuchatangledproblem.Thewomencompaniesarecompelledtoputonboardsareunlikelytobeasusefulasthosetheyplacetherevoluntarily.Quotasforcefirmseithertopadtheirboardswithtokennon-executivedirectors,ortoallocaterealpoweronthebasisofsexratherthanmerit.Enforcingquotasforwomenhasledtolargenumbersofinexperiencedwomenbeingappointedtoboards,andseriouslydamagedthosefirmsperformance.(分数:

20.00)

(1).Whatwillhappentoacompanyifmendominateitsexecutiveboard?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Itstalentpoolwilldryoutsooner.

B.ltscompetitivenesswillbeweakened.V

C.Itswomenemployeeswillcomplain.

D.Itisboundtomakeunwisedecisions.

解析:

[解析]题目询问若执行董事会由男性主导会发生什么情况。

第1段第2句表明,只使用半边人才库的公司必然会输给(loseout)广泛使用人才的企业。

第3句进一步巩固这种说法,男女混合的董事会所做的决策更加英明。

由此推

分数:

4.00)

断,男性主导执行董事会的公司的竞争力会相对弱一些。

B项是同义表述。

(2).Whatseemstopreventwomenfrombecomingboardmembersapartfromsexism?

A.Manyofthemlackthecouragetofacethechallengeintheboardroom.

B.Maledirectorsareafraidofwomenspotentialthreattotheirauthority.

C.Fewofthemhavethetrainingandqualificationsneededforexecutiveduties.

D.Maledirectorsrefrainfromgivingthemguidancetoavoidmisunderstanding.V

解析:

[解析]题目询问阻止女性员工进入董事会的另一因素。

第3段首句提到理由有两种,其一是性别歧视(sexism),其二是第4段的内容,即男性主管不愿与年轻女性走得太近,唯恐别人误会他们的关系。

这与D项“男性主管为了避免

误会而不给她们提供指导”的表述一致。

注意题干中的apartfrom意为“除了”。

(3).Whatdoestheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomenscareers?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Anapparentlackofnecessarylegislation.

B.Fiercecompetitionfrommalecolleagues.

C.Theburdenoftakingcareoftheirfamily.V

D.Thewidespreadsexismintheworkplace.

解析:

[解析]题目询问作者认为阻止女性职业生涯的真正绊脚石是什么。

第5段一开始便说性别歧视不再是女性职业生涯的主要绊脚石,孩子才是。

第3、4句提到,大多数的女性选择离职来照顾孩子或长辈。

可见家庭才是女性职业生

涯的最大负担,选C项。

(4).Whydomanywomenchoosetoentersuchfieldsaslaworhumanresources?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Theyallowwomencareerbreaksifneedbe.V

B.Theycanbringawomanstalentintofullplay.

C.Theyofferhighsalariesandattractivebenefits.

D.TheypavethewayforwomentobecomeCEOs.

解析:

[解析]题目询问许多女性选择律师或人力资源行业的原因。

第6段第4句提到,很多女性预料在未来的某个时候会从工作中抽出身来(acareerbreak),因而选择技能不会迅速过时的领域,比如律师或人力资源。

A项是这句话的

同义表述,正确。

(5).Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofenforcingquotasforwomenexecutives?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Itisasimplesolutiontoatangledproblem.

B.Itisaneffectivetooltocombatsexism.

C.Ithelpsfilltheexecutiveboardwithtalents.

D.Itadverselyaffectsafirmsperformance.V

解析:

[解析]题目询问作者对定额制度的看法。

作者在最后一段首先说这种做法太鲁莽(tooblunt),最后一句则明确指出,实行女性定额制度严重损害了公司业绩。

D项的adverselyaffects...performance与文章中的seriously

damaged...performance意思完全一致,为正确答案。

Internationalgovernmentsinactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主动出击的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.

DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.

CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegood-nessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenviron-mentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&SlauncheditsPlanAsustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover$200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated$105millionby2011/12.

Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhugequickwinopportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.

However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepace.arguingsystem,businessgreenandleanacreatingdelayingstillcompaniesmanytoofarareTherethatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestment.Theyremainstuckintheenvironmentiscostmentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.

Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebig-gestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityisincreasedefficiencythroughmanagementand敢慨楶畯慲?

档湡敧—inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.(分数:

20.00)

(1).Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.

B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.V

C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnationseconomicgrowth.

D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.

解析:

[解析]本题询问一些走在前沿的公司的情况。

第1段第1句提到在对待可持续发展的问题上,各国政府的行动并不积极(inaction),而处于前沿地位的公司却主动出击(proactive);第2句则举例说明,指出丰田、沃尔玛等公司将处理环境废弃物作为主要的经济驱动力。

B项“它们主动处理环境废弃物”正确。

其中takeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes是原文tacklingenvironmentalwastes的同义替换。

(2).WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.

B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits.V

D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.

解析:

[解析]本题询问丰田和沃尔玛履行环境保护的动机。

第3段第2句直接说明丰田和沃尔玛采取行动(即committingtoenvironmentalgoals)的原因是它们意识到环境和经济足迹相辅相成。

据此可以推断这两大公司保护环境的初衷是经济利益,因此C项“创造利润的欲望”是对原文的同义推断。

(3).Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.

B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.

C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.V

D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.

解析:

[解析]本题询问很多公司不愿创立环境友好业务体系的原因。

第5段第2句说到,仍有很多公司推迟创立精益

绿色的业务体系,并以分词短语(arguingthat...)说明其原因:

它们认为这种体系会费钱或者需要大量的资金投入。

题目中的reluctantto对应原文的delaying;而精益绿色的业务体系指的是环境友好业务体系。

C项“建立这样的系

统太贵”是对原文所提及的原因(itwillcostmoneyorrequire...)的同义复述。

(4).Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?

(分数:

4.00)

A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.V

B.Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.

C.Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.

D.Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.

解析:

[解析]本题询问关于精益绿色业务模式的相关信息。

第5段在讲述那些不愿践行环保行动的公司时,首次提及了leanandgreensystem;该段最后一句讲到,如果公司采取新的精益绿色模式进行管理,它们实际上在产生利润的同时也能节约成本。

A项“它帮助企业节约成本并且获益”是对第5段最后一句

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