大学英语六级分类模拟题318.docx
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大学英语六级分类模拟题318
大学英语六级分类模拟题318
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、ReadingComprehension(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
二、(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
三、(总题数:
5,分数:
100.00)
Womenarehalfthepopulationbutonly15%ofboardmembersatbigAmericanfirms,and10%in
Europe.Companiesthatfishinonlyhalfofthetalentpoolwillloseouttothosethatcasttheir
netmorewidely.Thereisalsoevidencethatmixedboardsmakebetterdecisions.
Mindfulofthis,Europeancountriesarepassinglawsthatwouldforcecompaniestopromotemorewomentotheexecutivesuite.AnewFrenchlawrequireslistedfirmstoreserve40%ofboardseatsforwomenby2017.NorwayandSpainhavesimilarlaws;Germanyisconsideringone.TheEuropeanParliamentdeclaredthismonththatsuchquotasshouldbeappliedthroughouttheEuropeanUnion.Therearetwomainargumentsforcompulsoryquotas.Oneisthatthemenwhodominatecorporateboardsarehopelesslysexist:
theypromotepeoplelikethemselvesandignoreanyfemaletalent.
Thesecondargumentismoresubtle.Talentedexecutivesneedmentors(导师)tohelpthemclimbtheladder.Maledirectorsmentoryoungmenbutarereluctanttogetfriendlywithyoungwomen,lesttherelationshipbemisinterpreted.Quotaswillbreakthisviciouscyclebyputtinglotsofwomenatthetop,whocanthenoffertheirsistersalegup.
Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemainobstacletowomenscareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycareforelderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfromfull-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderforwomentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.
Whatismore,bigcompaniesareincreasinglyglobal.Manywantabosswhohasworkedinmorethanonecountry.Suchforeignpostingsdisruptfamilies;manywomenturnthemdown.Andmany,anticipatingacareerbreakatsomepointinthefuture,enterfieldswheretheirskillswillnotquicklybecomeoutdated,suchaslaworhumanresources.Somelawyersmakegoodchiefexecutives.Butfirmsoftenwantpeoplewithfinancialoroperationalexperienceforthetopjobs,andthesefieldsarestillmale-dominated.
Quotasaretoobluntatoolforsuchatangledproblem.Thewomencompaniesarecompelledtoputonboardsareunlikelytobeasusefulasthosetheyplacetherevoluntarily.Quotasforcefirmseithertopadtheirboardswithtokennon-executivedirectors,ortoallocaterealpoweronthebasisofsexratherthanmerit.Enforcingquotasforwomenhasledtolargenumbersofinexperiencedwomenbeingappointedtoboards,andseriouslydamagedthosefirmsperformance.(分数:
20.00)
(1).Whatwillhappentoacompanyifmendominateitsexecutiveboard?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Itstalentpoolwilldryoutsooner.
B.ltscompetitivenesswillbeweakened.V
C.Itswomenemployeeswillcomplain.
D.Itisboundtomakeunwisedecisions.
解析:
[解析]题目询问若执行董事会由男性主导会发生什么情况。
第1段第2句表明,只使用半边人才库的公司必然会输给(loseout)广泛使用人才的企业。
第3句进一步巩固这种说法,男女混合的董事会所做的决策更加英明。
由此推
分数:
4.00)
断,男性主导执行董事会的公司的竞争力会相对弱一些。
B项是同义表述。
(2).Whatseemstopreventwomenfrombecomingboardmembersapartfromsexism?
A.Manyofthemlackthecouragetofacethechallengeintheboardroom.
B.Maledirectorsareafraidofwomenspotentialthreattotheirauthority.
C.Fewofthemhavethetrainingandqualificationsneededforexecutiveduties.
D.Maledirectorsrefrainfromgivingthemguidancetoavoidmisunderstanding.V
解析:
[解析]题目询问阻止女性员工进入董事会的另一因素。
第3段首句提到理由有两种,其一是性别歧视(sexism),其二是第4段的内容,即男性主管不愿与年轻女性走得太近,唯恐别人误会他们的关系。
这与D项“男性主管为了避免
误会而不给她们提供指导”的表述一致。
注意题干中的apartfrom意为“除了”。
(3).Whatdoestheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomenscareers?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Anapparentlackofnecessarylegislation.
B.Fiercecompetitionfrommalecolleagues.
C.Theburdenoftakingcareoftheirfamily.V
D.Thewidespreadsexismintheworkplace.
解析:
[解析]题目询问作者认为阻止女性职业生涯的真正绊脚石是什么。
第5段一开始便说性别歧视不再是女性职业生涯的主要绊脚石,孩子才是。
第3、4句提到,大多数的女性选择离职来照顾孩子或长辈。
可见家庭才是女性职业生
涯的最大负担,选C项。
(4).Whydomanywomenchoosetoentersuchfieldsaslaworhumanresources?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Theyallowwomencareerbreaksifneedbe.V
B.Theycanbringawomanstalentintofullplay.
C.Theyofferhighsalariesandattractivebenefits.
D.TheypavethewayforwomentobecomeCEOs.
解析:
[解析]题目询问许多女性选择律师或人力资源行业的原因。
第6段第4句提到,很多女性预料在未来的某个时候会从工作中抽出身来(acareerbreak),因而选择技能不会迅速过时的领域,比如律师或人力资源。
A项是这句话的
同义表述,正确。
(5).Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofenforcingquotasforwomenexecutives?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Itisasimplesolutiontoatangledproblem.
B.Itisaneffectivetooltocombatsexism.
C.Ithelpsfilltheexecutiveboardwithtalents.
D.Itadverselyaffectsafirmsperformance.V
解析:
[解析]题目询问作者对定额制度的看法。
作者在最后一段首先说这种做法太鲁莽(tooblunt),最后一句则明确指出,实行女性定额制度严重损害了公司业绩。
D项的adverselyaffects...performance与文章中的seriously
damaged...performance意思完全一致,为正确答案。
Internationalgovernmentsinactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主动出击的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.
DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.
CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegood-nessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenviron-mentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&SlauncheditsPlanAsustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover$200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated$105millionby2011/12.
Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhugequickwinopportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.
However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepace.arguingsystem,businessgreenandleanacreatingdelayingstillcompaniesmanytoofarareTherethatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestment.Theyremainstuckintheenvironmentiscostmentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.
Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebig-gestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityisincreasedefficiencythroughmanagementand敢慨楶畯慲?
档湡敧—inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.
Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.(分数:
20.00)
(1).Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.
B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.V
C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnationseconomicgrowth.
D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.
解析:
[解析]本题询问一些走在前沿的公司的情况。
第1段第1句提到在对待可持续发展的问题上,各国政府的行动并不积极(inaction),而处于前沿地位的公司却主动出击(proactive);第2句则举例说明,指出丰田、沃尔玛等公司将处理环境废弃物作为主要的经济驱动力。
B项“它们主动处理环境废弃物”正确。
其中takeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes是原文tacklingenvironmentalwastes的同义替换。
(2).WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.
B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.
C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits.V
D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.
解析:
[解析]本题询问丰田和沃尔玛履行环境保护的动机。
第3段第2句直接说明丰田和沃尔玛采取行动(即committingtoenvironmentalgoals)的原因是它们意识到环境和经济足迹相辅相成。
据此可以推断这两大公司保护环境的初衷是经济利益,因此C项“创造利润的欲望”是对原文的同义推断。
(3).Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.
B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.
C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.V
D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.
解析:
[解析]本题询问很多公司不愿创立环境友好业务体系的原因。
第5段第2句说到,仍有很多公司推迟创立精益
绿色的业务体系,并以分词短语(arguingthat...)说明其原因:
它们认为这种体系会费钱或者需要大量的资金投入。
题目中的reluctantto对应原文的delaying;而精益绿色的业务体系指的是环境友好业务体系。
C项“建立这样的系
统太贵”是对原文所提及的原因(itwillcostmoneyorrequire...)的同义复述。
(4).Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?
(分数:
4.00)
A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.V
B.Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.
C.Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.
D.Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.
解析:
[解析]本题询问关于精益绿色业务模式的相关信息。
第5段在讲述那些不愿践行环保行动的公司时,首次提及了leanandgreensystem;该段最后一句讲到,如果公司采取新的精益绿色模式进行管理,它们实际上在产生利润的同时也能节约成本。
A项“它帮助企业节约成本并且获益”是对第5段最后一句