大学英语六级分类模拟题318.docx

1、大学英语六级分类模拟题318大学英语六级分类模拟题 318（ 总分： 100.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、 Reading Comprehension （ 总题数： 0，分数： 0.00）二、（ 总题数： 0，分数： 0.00）三、（ 总题数： 5，分数： 100.00）Women are half the population but only 15% of board members at big American firms, and 10% inEurope. Companies that fish in only half of the talent pool will l

2、ose out to those that cast theirnet more widely. There is also evidence that mixed boards make better decisions.Mindful of this, European countries are passing laws that would force companies to promote more women to the executive suite. A new French law requires listed firms to reserve 40% of board

3、 seats for women by 2017. Norway and Spain have similar laws; Germany is considering one. The European Parliament declared this month that such quotas should be applied throughout the European Union. There are two main arguments for compulsory quotas. One is that the men who dominate corporate board

4、s are hopelessly sexist: they promote people like themselves and ignore any female talent.The second argument is more subtle. Talented executives need mentors（ 导师） to help them climb the ladder. Male directors mentor young men but are reluctant to get friendly with young women, lest the relationship

5、 be misinterpreted. Quotas will break this vicious cycle by putting lots of women at the top, who can then offer their sisters a leg up.There may be something in both arguments, but in most rich countries sexism is no longer the main obstacle to womens careers. Children are. Most women take career b

6、reaks to look after them. Many care for elderly relatives, too. One study found that two-thirds of American women had at some point switched from full-time work to part-time or flexible time to balance work and family. Such choices make it harder for women to gain the experience necessary to make it

7、 to the very top.What is more, big companies are increasingly global. Many want a boss who has worked in more than one country. Such foreign postings disrupt families; many women turn them down. And many, anticipating a career break at some point in the future, enter fields where their skills will n

8、ot quickly become outdated, such as law or human resources. Some lawyers make good chief executives. But firms often want people with financial or operational experience for the top jobs, and these fields are still male-dominated.Quotas are too blunt a tool for such a tangled problem. The women comp

9、anies are compelled to put on boards are unlikely to be as useful as those they place there voluntarily. Quotas force firms either to pad their boards with token non-executive directors, or to allocate real power on the basis of sex rather than merit. Enforcing quotas for women has led to large numb

10、ers of inexperienced women being appointed to boards, and seriously damaged those firms performance. （分数： 20.00 ）（1）.What will happen to a company if men dominate its executive board? （分数： 4.00 ）A.Its talent pool will dry out sooner.B.lts competitiveness will be weakened. VC.Its women employees will

11、 complain.D.It is bound to make unwise decisions.解析： 解析 题目询问若执行董事会由男性主导会发生什么情况。第 1段第 2句表明，只使用半边人才库的公司必然 会输给（lose out）广泛使用人才的企业。第3句进一步巩固这种说法，男女混合的董事会所做的决策更加英明。由此推分数： 4.00 )断，男性主导执行董事会的公司的竞争力会相对弱一些。 B 项是同义表述。(2).What seems to prevent women from becoming board members apart from sexism?A.Many of them l

12、ack the courage to face the challenge in the board room.B.Male directors are afraid of womens potential threat to their authority.C.Few of them have the training and qualifications needed for executive duties.D.Male directors refrain from giving them guidance to avoid misunderstanding. V解析：解析题目询问阻止女

13、性员工进入董事会的另一因素。 第3段首句提到理由有两种，其一是性别歧视(sexism), 其二是第4段的内容，即男性主管不愿与年轻女性走得太近，唯恐别人误会他们的关系。这与 D项“男性主管为了避免误会而不给她们提供指导”的表述一致。注意题干中的 apart from 意为“除了”。(3).What does the author say is the real barrier to womens careers? (分数： 4.00)A.An apparent lack of necessary legislation.B.Fierce competition from male collea

14、gues.C.The burden of taking care of their family. VD.The widespread sexism in the workplace.解析： 解析 题目询问作者认为阻止女性职业生涯的真正绊脚石是什么。第 5段一开始便说性别歧视不再是女性职业 生涯的主要绊脚石，孩子才是。第 3、4句提到，大多数的女性选择离职来照顾孩子或长辈。可见家庭才是女性职业生涯的最大负担，选C项。(4).Why do many women choose to enter such fields as law or human resources? (分数： 4.00)A.T

15、hey allow women career breaks if need be. VB.They can bring a womans talent into full play.C.They offer high salaries and attractive benefits.D.They pave the way for women to become CEOs.解析： 解析 题目询问许多女性选择律师或人力资源行业的原因。第 6段第4句提到，很多女性预料在未来的某个时 候会从工作中抽出身来(a career break)，因而选择技能不会迅速过时的领域，比如律师或人力资源。 A项是这句

16、话的同义表述，正确。(5).What does the author think of the practice of enforcing quotas for women executives? (分数： 4.00)A.It is a simple solution to a tangled problem.B.It is an effective tool to combat sexism.C.It helps fill the executive board with talents.D.It adversely affects a firms performance. V解析： 解析

17、题目询问作者对定额制度的看法。作者在最后一段首先说这种做法太鲁莽 (too blunt) ，最后一句则明确 指出，实行女性定额制度严重损害了公司业绩。 D项的adversely affects.performance 与文章中的seriouslydamaged.performance 意思完全一致，为正确答案。International governments inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive( 主动出击的 )approaches of some leading-e

18、dge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver.DuPont committed itself to a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the 10 years prior to 2010. By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through

19、 energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year. General Electric aims to reduce the energy intensity of its operations by 50% by 2015. They have invested heavily in projects designed to change the way of using and conserving energy.Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not com

20、mitting to environmental goals out of the good-ness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environ-mental and economic footprints fit well together. When M&S launched its Plan A sustainability programme in 2007, it was believed that it would cost

21、over $200 million in the first five years. However, the initiative had generated $105 million by 2011/12.When we prevent physical waste, increase energy efficiency or improve resource productivity, we save money, improve profitability and enhance competitiveness. In fact, there are often huge quick

22、win opportunities, thanks to years of neglect.However, there is a considerable gap between leading-edge companies and the rest of the pace. arguing system, business green and lean a creating delaying still companies many too far are There that it will cost money or require sizable capital investment

23、. They remain stuck in the environment is cost mentality. Being environmentally friendly does not have to cost money. In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model.Lean means doing more with less. Non

24、etheless, in most companies, economic and environ-mental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the big-gest opportunities missed across most industries. The size of the opportunity is enormous. The 3% Report recently published by World Wildlife Fund an

25、d CDP shows that the economic prize for curbing carbon emissions in the US economy is $780 billion between now and 2020. It suggests that one of the biggest levers for delivering this opportunity is increased efficiency through management and 敢慨楶畯慲 ?档湡敧 in other words, lean and green management.Some

26、 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors. Conversely, it was found that climate disruption is already costing $1.2 trillion annually, cutting g

27、lobal GDP by 1.6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030. (分数： 20.00 )(1).What does the author say about some leading-edge companies? (分数： 4.00 )A.They operate in accordance with government policies.B.They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes. VC.They are key drivers in their nations ec

28、onomic growth.D.They are major contributors to environmental problems.解析： 解析 本题询问一些走在前沿的公司的情况。第 1段第 1句提到在对待可持续发展的问题上，各国政府的行动 并不积极 (inaction) ，而处于前沿地位的公司却主动出击 (proactive) ；第 2 句则举例说明，指出丰田、沃尔玛等公司 将处理环境废弃物作为主要的经济驱动力。 B 项“它们主动处理环境废弃物”正确。其中 take initiatives in handling environmental wastes 是原文 tackling e

29、nvironmental wastes 的同义替换。(2).What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make commitments to environmental protection? (分数： 4.00 )A.The goodness of their hearts.B.A strong sense of responsibility.C.The desire to generate profits. VD.Pressure from environmentalists.解析：解析 本题询问丰田和沃尔玛履行环境保护的动机。 第3段第2句直接说明丰田和

30、沃尔玛采取行动 (即 committing to environmental goals) 的原因是它们意识到环境和经济足迹相辅相成。据此可以推断这两大公司保护环境的初衷是 经济利益，因此 C 项“创造利润的欲望”是对原文的同义推断。(3).Why are so many companies reluctant to create an environment-friendly business system? (分数： 4.00 )A.They are bent on making quick money.B.They do not have the capital for the inve

31、stment.C.They believe building such a system is too costly. VD.They lack the incentive to change business practices.解析： 解析 本题询问很多公司不愿创立环境友好业务体系的原因。第 5段第 2句说到，仍有很多公司推迟创立精益绿色的业务体系，并以分词短语 (arguing that.) 说明其原因：它们认为这种体系会费钱或者需要大量的资金投入。题目中的reluctant to 对应原文的delaying ;而精益绿色的业务体系指的是环境友好业务体系。 C项“建立这样的系统太贵”是对

32、原文所提及的原因 (it will cost money or require.) 的同义复述。(4).What is said about the lean and green model of business? (分数： 4.00)A.It helps businesses to save and gain at the same time. VB.It is affordable only for a few leading-edge companies.C.It is likely to start a new round of intense competition.D.It will take a long time for all companies to embrace it.解析： 解析 本题询问关于精益绿色业务模式的相关信息。第 5段在讲述那些不愿践行环保行动的公司时，首次提及 了 lean and green system ;该段最后一句讲到，如果公司采取新的精益绿色模式进行管理，它们实际上在产生利润的 同时也能节约成本。A项“它帮助企业节约成本并且获益”是对第 5段最后一句