新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析.docx

新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析.docx

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新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析

新高考高一英语阅读理解精练（含答案解析）

A

Asmoreandmoreforestisclearedaroundtheworld,scientistsfearthatthenextdeadlypandemic（流行病）couldemergefromwhatliveswithinthem.

In1997,cloudsofsmokehungovertherainforestsofIndonesiaasanarearoughlythesizeofPennsylvaniawasburnedtomakewayforagriculture,makingthefiresworsebydrought.Owingtothehaze,thetreescouldn’tproducefruit,leavingresidentfruitbatswithnootheroptionthantoflyelsewhereinsearchoffood,carryingwiththemadeadlydisease.

NotlongafterthebatssettledontreesinMalaysianorchards,pigsaroundthemstartedtofallsick—probablyaftereatingfallenfruitthebatshadalreadyeaten—asdidlocalpigfarmers.By1999,265peoplehaddevelopedaseverebraininflammation,and105haddied.ItwasthefirstknownappearanceofNipahvirusinpeople,whichhassincecausedastringofrecurrent（反复的）outbreaksacrossSoutheastAsia.

Overthepasttwodecades,agrowingbodyofscientificevidencesuggeststhatdeforestationcreatestheconditionsforarangeofdeadlypathogens（病原体）—suchasNipahandLassaviruses—tospreadtopeople.

AswidespreadburningcontinuestodayintropicalforestsintheAmazon,andsomepartsofAfricaandSoutheastAsia,expertshaveexpressedconcernaboutthehealthofpeoplelivingattheborderofdeforestation.They’realsoafraidthatthenextseriouspandemiccouldemergefromourworld’sforests.

“It’sprettywellestablishedthatdeforestationcanbeastrongdriverofinfectiousdisease,”saysAndyMacDonald,adiseaseecologistattheEarthResearchInstituteoftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.“Themorewelowerandclearforesthabitats,themorelikelyitisthatwe’regoingtofindourselvesinthesesituationswherepandemicsofinfectiousdiseasesoccur.”

1.TheIndonesiansburnedtherainforestsinorderfor______.

A.firewoodB.catchingbatsC.plantingfruittreesD.farmland

2.Whichistherightorderofaffectedcreatures?

A.bats→pigs→people

B.pigs→bats→pigfarmers

C.people→bats→pigs

D.pigfarmers→pigs→bats

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deforestation”inParagraphFourmean?

.

A.湿地B.毁林C.果园D.养猪场

4.Whydoexpertsworryaboutthepeoplearoundtheruinedforests?

A.Becausesomesickpeopleliveintheruinedforests.

B.Becausetheruinedforestsmayhavepathogens.

C.Becausetherearetoomanybatsthere.

D.Becausetheruinedforestsaredirty.

B

OncetheMostPollutedLandscapeNowtheCleanestAir

Fortyyearsago,theCanadiancityofSudburywasablackenedlandscapethathadbeendevastated①bypollutionfromminingsitesandindustrialization.

Now,thankstodecadesofrestoration②andconservationwork,theairqualityisrankedassomeofthebestinallofOntario.Notonlythat,thelandscapehascomealivewithtreesandgreenery③oncemore.Lakesthatwereonceacidifiedanddestitute④havebecomethriving⑤ecosystems.

ThetransformationofSudburyhasbecomesuchapositiveexampleofenvironmentalrestoration,LaurentianUniversitylaunchedanentirecoursebasedonitsrevolutionaryrecoverybackinMarch—anditwillnowhelpfuturecollegestudentsapplyitslessonstootherpollutedlandscapesaroundtheworld.

“TheSudburystoryisastoryofsuccess,”saidDr.JohnGunnfromLaurentianUniversity.“OneofthemostdamagedlandscapesonEarth—withindustry,government,universities,andthepublicworkingtogether—hasmadearemarkableimprovementinthelandscapeandthelivesofpeople.”

PaulKennedy,whoisthehostoftheCBCradioprogramIDEAS,spotlighted⑥theSudburystoryasoneofhisfinalpresentations.BackinMay,thenewsorganizationpublishedanemotionalexcerptfromhisnotebooksdescribingthesegment⑦,whichconcludedwithKennedysaying:

“Itendtobeaknee-jerk⑧optimistonalmosteveryissue,butthefutureofourplanetcanseemalmostoverwhelmingly⑨difficult—toobig,toocomplicated,toodivisive.Forme,Sudburyisanindicationthatwearen’tgoingtolose.Climatechangeisthebiggestandmostcrucialchallengeweface.Thereishope.”

C

Innovationsarenotalwayswelcome.In1589WilliamLeemadehiswaytotheEnglishcourt,hopingtobegrantedapatentforhisinvention,aknittingmachine.QueenElizabethIturnedhimdown:

“Consideryouwhattheinventioncoulddotomypoorsubjects,”sheenjoined.“Itwouldassuredlybringtothemruinbydepriving（剥夺）themofemployment.”

ThefearsofGoodQueenBesshaveechoeddownthecenturies—fromtheLuddites,whodestroyedtextilemachineryintheearly19thcentury,toJohnF.Kennedy,whowarnedofthedangersofautomationduringhispresidentialcampaignof1960.Inthe21stcenturytheconcernshaveswitchedtorobotsandartificialintelligence（AI）;30%ofAmericanworkersbelievetheirjobsarelikelytobereplacedbyrobotsandcomputersintheirlifetime.

Inthepasttherelationshipbetweenmachineandhumanlaborhasbeendrivenbytwofactors:

thesubstitutingeffect,whichcausedpeopletolosejobs,andthecomplementingeffect,whichallowedemployeestodotheirworkmoreproductively.Mr.Susskindworriesthat,inthefuture,thesubstitutingeffectwilldominate.AdvancesinAIhavebeensorapidthatmachineswilleventuallybebetterthanpeopleatmostactivities,hesays,andsowillbethe“defaultchoice”forperformingthem.Afewhighlypaidhumanswillstillbeemployed,buttherestwilleitherstruggletofindworkorfallintothe“precariat”,stuckinjobsthatarenotjustpoorlypaidbutunstableandstressful.

Thisgloomyviewoftheimpactoftechnologyisplausible.Butsoisamoreoptimisticoutlook,astheeconomistRogerBootleshowedinhisbook.Mr.BootlearguedthatAIandroboticswouldimproveproductivityandeconomicgrowth,andreleasepeoplefromperformingthemosttedioustasks.Asforemployment,therewillalwaysbedemandforserviceswiththehumantouch.Perhaps,thetruthisthatitisimpossibletobesurewhetherthelatestadvanceswillintheendhavemainlygoodorbadeconomiceffects.

1.What’sthepurposeoftheexamplesinParagraphs1and2?

A.Toremindpeoplehowimportantthemachinesare.

B.Todemonstratethepossibledangerstohumanbeings.

C.Totellpeoplehowmanyinventionsaremade.

D.Toshowpeople’sattitudetowardsnewinventions.

2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“precariat”inParagraph3?

A.Peoplewhohavestablejobs.

B.Peoplewholiketheirjobs.

C.Peoplewhoarestuckinbadjobs.

D.Peoplewhosejobsarewell-paid.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAI?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Notmentioned.

D

New,HealthyButterSpreadMadeAlmostEntirelyofWater

CornellUniversityfoodscientistshavecreatedahealthynewlow-calorie“butter”spread—anditisalmostentirelymadeofwater.

Atablespoonofthislow-caloriespreadhas2.8gramsoffatand25.2calories.Butter,ontheotherhand,whichis84%fatandabout16%water,hasabout11gramsoffatandnearly100calories.

Theyfiguredoutanewprocesstoemulsify①alargeamountofwaterwithminuscule②dropsofvegetableoilandmilkfattomimic③butter,atapproximatelyone-fourththecaloriesofrealbutterandwithoutartificialstabilizers④.

“Imagine80%waterin20%oilandwecreatesomethingwiththeconsistency⑤ofbutter,withthemouthfeelofbutterandcreaminessofbutter,”saidfoodscienceprofessorandseniorauthorofthepaperAlirezaAbbaspourrad.

Emulsifyingwaterandoilisnothingnew,saidAbbaspourrad,butbyusinghigh-internalphaseemulsions⑥（HIPE）,“wekeepaddingwatertothatoiluntilthefinalcompositionis80%waterand20%oil.”

Thedemandforlow-fat,high-proteinproductshasrapidlyincreasedduetoconsumers’growinghealthawareness,saidleadauthorMichelleC.Lee,adoctoralcandidateintheresearchgroup.

“SincetheHIPEtechnologyfeatureshighwater-to-oilratios—whileatthesametimedeliveringuniquetextureandfunctionality⑦—itcanplayaroleinprovidinghealthiersolutionsforconsumers,”Leesaid.

Abbaspourradsaidfoodchemistscanadjustfortaste,preferencesandhealth.“Wecanaddmilkproteinorplant-basedprotein,andsincethewateractslikeacarrier,wecanadjustfornutritionandloaditwithvitaminsoraddflavors,”hesaid.“Essentially,wecancreatesomethingthatmakesitfeellikebutter—andinsteadofseeingalotofsaturated⑧fat,thishasminuteamounts.It’sacompletelydifferentformulation.”

E

FluseasongenerallysubsidesinMarchandApril,butwillthecoronavirusgowithit?

Whetherthecoronavirusthat’squicklyspreadingaroundtheworldwillfollowthefluseasonandsubsidewithspring’sarrivalisunsatisfyinglyuncertain.Andmanyscientistssayit’stoosoontoknowhowthedangerousviruswillbehaveinwarmerweather.

Dozensofvirusesexistinthecoronavirusfamily,butonlysevenafflicthumans.Fourareknowntocausemildcoldsinpeople,whicharecommon,whileothersaremorenovel,deadly,andthoughttobetransmittedfromanimalslikebatsandcamels.HealthofficialshavelabeledthisnewvirusSARS-CoV-2anditsdiseaseCOVID-19.Theprospectthatsummercouldstaveoffapandemicisenticing.Earlierthismonth,PresidentDonaldTrumptweetedaboutChina’seffortstocontainthevirus,sayingtheywouldbesuccessful,“especiallyastheweatherstartstowarm.”

Virusesthatcauseinfluenzaormildercoronaviruscoldsdotendtosubsideinwarmermonthsbecausethesetypesofviruseshavewhatscientistsrefertoas“seasonality,”sothepresident’scommentshavesomescientificbacking.Butit’shighlyuncertainthatSARS-CoV-2willbehavethesameway.Thosecurrentlystudyingthediseasesaytheirresearchistooearlytopredicthowtheviruswi