新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析.docx

1、新高考高一英语阅读理解精练含答案解析新高考高一英语阅读理解精练（含答案解析）AAs more and more forest is cleared around the world, scientists fear that the next deadly pandemic(流行病) could emerge from what lives within them.In 1997, clouds of smoke hung over the rainforests of Indonesia as an area roughly the size of Pennsylvania was burn

2、ed to make way for agriculture, making the fires worse by drought. Owing to the haze, the trees couldnt produce fruit, leaving resident fruit bats with no other option than to fly elsewhere in search of food, carrying with them a deadly disease.Not long after the bats settled on trees in Malaysian o

3、rchards, pigs around them started to fall sickprobably after eating fallen fruit the bats had already eatenas did local pig farmers. By 1999, 265 people had developed a severe brain inflammation, and 105 had died. It was the first known appearance of Nipah virus in people, which has since caused a s

4、tring of recurrent(反复的) outbreaks across Southeast Asia. Over the past two decades, a growing body of scientific evidence suggests that deforestation creates the conditions for a range of deadly pathogens(病原体)such as Nipah and Lassa virusesto spread to people.As widespread burning continues today in

5、 tropical forests in the Amazon, and some parts of Africa and Southeast Asia, experts have expressed concern about the health of people living at the border of deforestation. Theyre also afraid that the next serious pandemic could emerge from our worlds forests.“Its pretty well established that defo

6、restation can be a strong driver of infectious disease,” says Andy MacDonald, a disease ecologist at the Earth Research Institute of the University of California, Santa Barbara. “The more we lower and clear forest habitats, the more likely it is that were going to find ourselves in these situations

7、where pandemics of infectious diseases occur.”1. The Indonesians burned the rainforests in order for _.A. firewood B. catching bats C. planting fruit trees D. farm land2. Which is the right order of affected creatures?A. bats pigs peopleB. pigs bats pig farmersC. people bats pigs D. pig farmers pigs

8、 bats3. What does the underlined word “deforestation” in Paragraph Four mean?.A. 湿地 B. 毁林 C. 果园 D. 养猪场4. Why do experts worry about the people around the ruined forests?A. Because some sick people live in the ruined forests. B. Because the ruined forests may have pathogens.C. Because there are too m

9、any bats there.D. Because the ruined forests are dirty.BOnce the Most Polluted Landscape Now the Cleanest AirForty years ago, the Canadian city of Sudbury was a blackened landscape that had been devastated by pollution from mining sites and industrialization.Now, thanks to decades of restoration and

10、 conservation work, the air quality is ranked as some of the best in all of Ontario. Not only that, the landscape has come alive with trees and greeneryonce more. Lakes that were once acidified and destitutehave become thriving ecosystems.The transformation of Sudbury has become such a positive exam

11、ple of environmental restoration, Laurentian University launched an entire course based on its revolutionary recovery back in Marchand it will now help future college students apply its lessons to other polluted landscapes around the world.“The Sudbury story is a story of success,” said Dr. John Gun

12、n from Laurentian University. “One of the most damaged landscapes on Earthwith industry, government, universities, and the public working togetherhas made a remarkable improvement in the landscape and the lives of people.”Paul Kennedy, who is the host of the CBC radio program IDEAS, spotlighted the

13、Sudbury story as one of his final presentations. Back in May, the news organization published an emotional excerpt from his notebooks describing the segment, which concluded with Kennedy saying: “I tend to be a knee-jerk optimist on almost every issue, but the future of our planet can seem almost ov

14、erwhelmingly difficulttoo big, too complicated, too divisive. For me, Sudbury is an indication that we arent going to lose. Climate change is the biggest and most crucial challenge we face. There is hope.” CInnovations are not always welcome. In 1589 William Lee made his way to the English court, ho

15、ping to be granted a patent for his invention, a knitting machine. Queen Elizabeth I turned him down: “Consider you what the invention could do to my poor subjects,” she enjoined. “It would assuredly bring to them ruin by depriving(剥夺) them of employment.”The fears of Good Queen Bess have echoed dow

16、n the centuriesfrom the Luddites, who destroyed textile machinery in the early 19th century, to John F. Kennedy, who warned of the dangers of automation during his presidential campaign of 1960. In the 21st century the concerns have switched to robots and artificial intelligence (AI); 30% of America

17、n workers believe their jobs are likely to be replaced by robots and computers in their lifetime.In the past the relationship between machine and human labor has been driven by two factors: the substituting effect, which caused people to lose jobs, and the complementing effect, which allowed employe

18、es to do their work more productively. Mr. Susskind worries that, in the future, the substituting effect will dominate. Advances in AI have been so rapid that machines will eventually be better than people at most activities, he says, and so will be the “default choice” for performing them. A few hi

19、ghly paid humans will still be employed, but the rest will either struggle to find work or fall into the “precariat”, stuck in jobs that are not just poorly paid but unstable and stressful.This gloomy view of the impact of technology is plausible. But so is a more optimistic outlook, as the economis

20、t Roger Bootle showed in his book. Mr. Bootle argued that AI and robotics would improve productivity and economic growth, and release people from performing the most tedious tasks. As for employment, there will always be demand for services with the human touch. Perhaps, the truth is that it is impo

21、ssible to be sure whether the latest advances will in the end have mainly good or bad economic effects.1. Whats the purpose of the examples in Paragraphs 1 and 2? A. To remind people how important the machines are.B. To demonstrate the possible dangers to human beings.C. To tell people how many inve

22、ntions are made.D. To show peoples attitude towards new inventions.2. What is the meaning of the underlined word “precariat” in Paragraph 3?A. People who have stable jobs.B. People who like their jobs.C. People who are stuck in bad jobs.D. People whose jobs are well-paid.3. What is the authors attit

23、ude towards AI?A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Not mentioned.DNew, Healthy Butter Spread Made Almost Entirely of WaterCornell University food scientists have created a healthy new low-calorie “butter” spreadand it is almost entirely made of water.A tablespoon of this low-calorie spread has

24、2.8 grams of fat and 25.2 calories. Butter, on the other hand, which is 84% fat and about 16% water, has about 11 grams of fat and nearly 100 calories.They figured out a new process to emulsify a large amount of water with minuscule drops of vegetable oil and milk fat to mimicbutter, at approximatel

25、y one-fourth the calories of real butter and without artificial stabilizers.“Imagine 80% water in 20% oil and we create something with the consistencyof butter, with the mouth feel of butter and creaminess of butter,” said food science professor and senior author of the paper Alireza Abbaspourrad.Em

26、ulsifying water and oil is nothing new, said Abbaspourrad, but by using high-internal phase emulsions(HIPE), “we keep adding water to that oil until the final composition is 80% water and 20% oil.”The demand for low-fat, high-protein products has rapidly increased due to consumers growing health awa

27、reness, said lead author Michelle C. Lee, a doctoral candidate in the research group.“Since the HIPE technology features high water-to-oil ratioswhile at the same time delivering unique texture and functionalityit can play a role in providing healthier solutions for consumers,” Lee said.Abbaspourrad

28、 said food chemists can adjust for taste, preferences and health.“We can add milk protein or plant-based protein, and since the water acts like a carrier, we can adjust for nutrition and load it with vitamins or add flavors,” he said. “Essentially, we can create something that makes it feel like but

29、terand instead of seeing a lot of saturated fat, this has minute amounts. Its a completely different formulation.”EFlu season generally subsides in March and April, but will the coronavirus go with it? Whether the coronavirus thats quickly spreading around the world will follow the flu season and su

30、bside with springs arrival is unsatisfyingly uncertain. And many scientists say its too soon to know how the dangerous virus will behave in warmer weather.Dozens of viruses exist in the coronavirus family, but only seven afflict humans. Four are known to cause mild colds in people, which are common,

31、 while others are more novel, deadly, and thought to be transmitted from animals like bats and camels. Health officials have labeled this new virus SARS-CoV-2 and its disease COVID-19. The prospect that summer could stave off a pandemic is enticing. Earlier this month, President Donald Trump tweeted

32、 about Chinas efforts to contain the virus, saying they would be successful, “especially as the weather starts to warm.”Viruses that cause influenza or milder coronavirus colds do tend to subside in warmer months because these types of viruses have what scientists refer to as “seasonality,” so the presidents comments have some scientific backing. But its highly uncertain that SARS-CoV-2 will behave the same way. Those currently studying the disease say their research is too early to predict how the virus wi