八年级英语语法专练.docx
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八年级英语语法专练
八年级重点语法专项讲练(培优专用)
(八上)重点语法简单句的五种基本类型
简单句:
由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫简单句。
简单句只包含一个主谓结构,各成分都有词或词组担任。
1.主语+不及物动词(S+vi.)。
例如:
Heswimswell.他游泳游得很好。
Thechildrenareplaying.孩子们正在玩。
注意:
有些不及物动词之后可以加上一个介词或副词构成动词短语。
这时,这个动词短语可以接宾语。
例如:
Heiswaitingforme.他正在等我。
Pleaselookattheblackboard.请看黑板。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+vt.+O)。
例如:
WespeakEnglish.我们会说英语。
HeiswatchingTVnow.现在他正在看电视。
3.主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)。
例如:
Thebikeisnew.这辆自行车是新的。
Shefeltworried.她感到担心。
注意:
be是常见的连系动词,除be之外,能够用作连系动词的词还有:
look,taste,sound,seem,feel,smell,become,grow,get,turn等。
4.主语+及物动词.+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+vt.+IO+DO)。
例如:
Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.她把她所有的图画都拿给她的朋友看。
Heboughtmeanewbike.他给我买了一辆新的自行车。
注意:
“直接宾语+间接宾语”又叫双宾语。
表示人的名词或代词称为间接宾语,而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时,在间接宾语之前应该加介词to或for。
例如:
Pleasegivemeapen.=Pleasegiveapentome.
请给我一支钢笔。
Mymotherboughtmeapairofshoes.=Mymotherboughtapairofshoesforme.我的妈妈给我买了一双鞋。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+vt.+O+C)。
例如:
Wecankeepitwarm.我们会保持它温暖。
LinTaoaskedhisfathertobuyanewbag.林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包。
LingFengmadethebabystopcrying.凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭。
注意:
1)能够作宾语补足语的结构常是:
动词不定式,现在分词(短语),过去分词(短语),形容词,副词,介词短语等。
2)在动词see,watch,hear,feel,let,make等后面用不定式作宾语补足语时,应该省略不定式标志to。
单项选择:
a.S+Vb.S+V+Oc.S+V+Pd.S+V+IO+DOe.S+V+O+C
1.DannyspeaksEnglish.______2.Mumboughtmeanewbike._______3.Everyonelaughed..4.Ifelthungry..5.Hehelpedmedomyhomework..
非谓语动词①动词原形:
1.Let/make/helpsb.dosth.(让/使得/帮助某人做某事)2.hear/see/notice/watchsb.dosth.(dosth强调这个动作的全过程,意味着已经过去或经常进行)3.Whynotdosth?
(为什么不做某事?
)4.hadbetter(not)dosth.(最好(不)做某事)5.Will/Wouldyouplease(not)dosth?
(请你(不)做某事好吗?
)
1.Thehospitalisveryfarfromhere.You'dbetter
________(catch)abus.
2.Ihearyouboughtanewwatch,Letme________
(have)alookatyourwatch.
3.Jimtoldusafunnystoryandthestorymadeus
_________(laugh).
4.Theproblemisveryhard,Whynot_____(ask)the
teacherforhelp?
5.It'stimeforclass,Wouldyouplease______(keep)
quiet?
()6.---Willyouplease______at7o'clock?
---Yes,Iwill.A.towakemeupB.towakeupme
C.wakemeupD.wakeupme
()7.Thisisanewword.why______inthedictionary.
A.notlookupitB.notlookitup
C.don'tyoulookupitD.bothBandC
()8.Don'tmakeme_____thisorthat.I'mtoobusy!
A.todoB.doingC.doD.done
9.---MayIlistentothemusichere,Mr.White?
---Sorry,You'dbetter_______itlikethat.
A.nottodoB.notdo
C.don’tdoD.notdoto
()10.---DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?
---Listen!
Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.
A.sing;tosingB.singing;singing
C.sing;singingD.tosing;singing
②动名词:
动名词既具有名词的特征,在句子中既可做主语、表语、宾语和定语,又保留了动词的功能,可以有自己的宾语和状语而构成动名词短语。
动名词的形式是:
动词加ing。
当动名词在句子中作主语时,其谓语动词必须用单数形式。
动名词的用法:
(1)作主语:
用于表示的是泛指的而不是一次性的动作。
动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语。
如:
Playingfootballinthestreetisverydangerous.=Itisverydangeroustoplayfootballinthestreet.
Readingbooksinbedisbadforoureyes.
(2)作宾语。
如:
Manybusinessmenenjoyplayinggolfandtennis.主要结构有:
like/enjoydoingsth.(喜欢做某事);finishdoingsth.(做完某事);prasticedoingsth(练习作做某事);havefundoingsth.(做某事开心);keepsb.doingsth.(让某人持续做某事);giveupdoingsth.(放弃做某事);thanksfordoingsth.(感谢做某事);lookforwardtodoingsth.(渴望做某事);begoodat=dowellin(擅长做某事);What/Howaboutdoingsth?
(做某事怎么样?
);spendsometime/moneyindoingsth.(花费时间/金钱做某事);;stopdoingsth.(停止做某事);needdoingsth.(需要做某事,物作主语);withoutdoingsth.(没有做某事)……
(3)做表语。
主要结构有:
bebusydoing(忙于做)/Thenewtermiscoming.Thestudentsarebusycleaningtheclassroom.
(4)做定语:
Thereisashopsellingallkindsofthingsnearthetrainstation.
(4)标识语:
Nosmoking!
(禁止吸烟!
)Noparking!
(禁止停车!
)
(5)去做某事:
goswimming/shopping/fishing/skating/boating...
A.填空1."Stop____(talk),please,"Thefilmhasbegun.
2.Canyoufinish_____(draw)apictureinfiveminutes?
3.Mostofyoungpeopleenjoy______(sing)popsongs.
4.---Can'tyouseethesign"No_________(smoke)"?
---Sorry,Ididn'tseeit.
7.I'msorrytohavekeptyou_______(wait)foralong
time.
8._____(do)morningexercisesisgoodforourhealth.
10.Thedoctorisbusy______(operate)onthepatient.
12.Theboywassoangrythathelefttheroomwithout
________(say)aword.
15.Mybikeisbroken,Itneeds_________(repair).
16.---BobspeaksChinesequitewell.---Yes,sohedoes.Hepractices_____(speak)Chineseeveryday.
17.Theyspentthewholedayin_________(visit)their
relativesandfriends.
18.JakeBoothisgoodat________(paint).
19.---Whatabout________(fly)kitesafterschoolthis
afternoon?
---That’sagoodidea!
20.---Wouldyouliketogo________(swim)withus
thisSunday?
---I’dloveto,butmyparentswon’tallowme.
21.Ihavefun_______(play)thepianoafterschool.
22.Maryislookingforwardto_____(visit)theGreatWalloneday.
③动词不定式:
没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,它还具有动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
它的形式是to+动词原形,否定式为notto+动词原形。
要点结构:
A.动词不定式可以直接做主语。
但在英语中,常用it做形式主语,真正主语不定式放在后面,用It's+adj./n.+todosth.句型。
如:
Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisveryimportant.It’sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.
B.不定式用在系动词后作表语,表示主语的具体内容、目的等。
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为做主语。
Myworkistocleanthestreeteveryday.
C.做宾语补足语。
可以带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有tell/ask/encourage/teach/advisesb.(not)todosth.还可以构成findit+adj+todosth.(it为形式宾语)D.做宾语:
主要结构有wouldlike/hope/forget/remember/tryone'sbest/need/decide/agree/...todosth.
E.做定语:
不定式做定语须放在被修饰词的后面。
如:
Bequiet!
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
Thebesttimetoplanttreesisinspring.
ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.
注意:
如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后应有相应的介词。
如:
Theroomistoosmallforustolivein.
Ihavenopentowritewith.
F.做状语:
①目的状语:
如:
TolearnEnglish,MissLiuwenttoEnglandin1997.Thestudentsweresotiredthattheystoppedtohavearest.②原因状语:
如:
I’msorrytohearthat.I’mgladtoseeyouagain.
③结果状语:
如:
Theboyistooyoungtojointhearmy.
Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.
G.与疑问词连用:
如:
whattodo/howtodoit/whichonetochoose/wheretogo/whentostart...
A.填空
1.It'sveryimportantforus_________(learn)English
well.
2.Myhomeisnearourschool.Ittakesmehalfanhour
________(walk)there.
3.It'shalfpastsixnow.It'stimeforus_______(have)
supper.
4.Wefinditeasy________(find)agoodjobifyou
studyEnglishwell.
5.I'manEnglishteacher.Myjobis_______(teach)
English.
6.Myambitionis________(be)adoctor,whatabout
yours?
7.---Wouldyoulike_______(go)swimmingwithmethisafternoon?
---Yes,I'dloveto.
8.Tryyourbest_____(learn)Englishwell,you'llfindagoodjob..
9.Don'tforgot____(turn)offthelightswhenyouleave.
10.Myparentsoftenencourageme______(study)hard
atschool.
12.Theteachertoldus_________(nottalk)inclass.
14.Bequiet!
Ihavesomethingimportant_______(tell)
you.
15.I'mhungry,pleasegoandgetsomething_____(eat).
16.Theboyisfouryearsold,heistooyoung____(go)toschool.
17.Wehaveworkedfortwohours.Nowlet'sstop____
(have)arest.
18.Therearesomanykindsofshoes,Ican'tdecide
whichone_______(buy).
C.句型转换:
2.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?
(同义句)
Canyoutellmehow___________tothepostoffice?
4.IhopethatIcanseehimassoonaspossible.(同义句)Ihope____________himassoonaspossible.
5.Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tjointhearmy.(同义句)Theboyis___young_____jointhearmy.
6.TounderstandbusinessEnglishishard.(同义句)
____ishard________businessEnglish.
④分词:
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词主要结构有:
see/hear/notice/watchsb.doingsth.
过去分词主要结构有:
beworriedabout;bepleasedwith;beinterestedin;besurprised;getlost/dressed/married;bookswrittenbyLuxun;carsmadeinJapan;
填空。
1.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyleg,Ithinkit's_________(break).
3.Ithinktheshopis_______(close)atthistimeofday.
4.Keeptogether,oryou'llget_________(lose).
6.Wewere__________(surprise)tohearthenews.
8.Canyoutellmewhenyoursistergot_________
(marry)?
9.Youlook________(worry).What'sthematter?
17.Onmywayhome,Isawawallet______(lie)ontheground.
(七年级)基础语法连系动词用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。
常见的有:
be;seem;look;sound;smell;feel;taste;get;become;turn,grow等。
1.Youlook______(worry),what'sthematterwithyou?
2.Whenspringcomes,theweathergets______(warm)
andthedaysget______(long).
()4.Don'teatthemeat.Itsmells_______.
A.badlyB.deliciousC.wellD.terrible
5.Fatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.
A.keepquietlyB.keepquiet
C.tokeepquietD.tokeepquietly
6.---______areyoufeelingnow?
---Muchbetter.
A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.When
7.Theapple______(尝起来)verysweet.Pleasegiveme
somemore.
8.It_______(似乎)thathehasbeentomanycountries.
助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整,不能单独做谓语。
助动词有be;have;will;shall;would和do等。
助动词在句中和实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。
简单句英语中的句子按其用途和意义,可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。
A.单数句型与复数句型:
①单数句型改为复数句型时,相应的单数形式,比如主语、谓语、宾语和表语等都要改为复数形式,不可遗漏。
1.He/sheisastudent.____________students.
2.It’sanoldphoto.______areold________.
3.This/thatisabigtomato.
_______/________arebig__________.
②当名词作定语时,不可轻易将名词改为复数形式,因为名词作定语常用单数形式。
1.It’sanappletree.______________appletrees.
2.Thereisashoeshopnearmyhouse.
There_____________shoeshopsnearmyhouse.
③复数句型改为单数句型时,注意将名词复数变为单数形式,若名词是泛指类别时,一定要加不定冠词。
1.These/thoseareinterestingstories.
______/________is______interestingstory.
2.Theyareorangedresses.
_____is______orangedress.
B.肯定句变否定句:
一般在be动词(am;is;are;was;were)、助动词(do;does;did;will;wouldhave;has;had)、情态动词(can;may)后加no