八年级英语语法专练.docx

1、八年级英语语法专练八年级重点语法专项讲练（培优专用）(八上)重点语法 简单句的五种基本类型简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。简单句只包含一个主谓结构，各成分都有词或词组担任。1. 主语+不及物动词（S + vi.）。例如：He swims well.他游泳游得很好。The children are playing.孩子们正在玩。注意：有些不及物动词之后可以加上一个介词或副词构成动词短语。这时，这个动词短语可以接宾语。例如：He is waiting for me.他正在等我。Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。2.

2、主语+及物动词+宾语（S + vt. +O）。例如： We speak English. 我们会说英语。He is watching TV now. 现在他正在看电视。3. 主语+连系动词+表语（S + V + P）。例如：The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。She felt worried. 她感到担心。注意：be是常见的连系动词，除be之外，能够用作连系动词的词还有：look, taste, sound, seem, feel, smell, become, grow, get, turn等。4. 主语 +及物动词. +间接宾语 + 直接宾语（S + vt. + IO + D

3、O）。 例如：She showed her friends all her pictures.她把她所有的图画都拿给她的朋友看。He bought me a new bike.他给我买了一辆新的自行车。注意：“直接宾语+间接宾语”又叫双宾语。表示人的名词或代词称为间接宾语，而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时，在间接宾语之前应该加介词to或for。例如：Please give me a pen.= Please give a pen to me.请给我一支钢笔。My mother bought me a pair of shoes.= My

4、 mother bought a pair of shoes for me.我的妈妈给我买了一双鞋。5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S + vt. + O + C）。例如：We can keep it warm.我们会保持它温暖。 Lin Tao asked his father to buy a new bag.林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包。Ling Feng made the baby stop crying.凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭。注意：1）能够作宾语补足语的结构常是：动词不定式，现在分词（短语），过去分词（短语），形容词，副词，介词短语等。2）在动词see, watch, hea

5、r, feel, let, make等后面用不定式作宾语补足语时，应该省略不定式标志to。单项选择：a. S+V b. S+V+O c. S+V+P d. S+V+IO+DO e. S+V+O+C1.Danny speaks English . _ 2.Mum bought me a new bike. _3.Everyone laughed. . 4.I felt hungry. .5.He helped me do my homework. .非谓语动词 动词原形：1.Let / make / help sb. do sth.(让/使得/帮助某人做某事)2.hear / see / not

6、ice / watch sb. do sth.(do sth强调这个动作的全过程，意味着已经过去或经常进行)3.Why not do sth ? (为什么不做某事？)4. had better (not ) do sth. (最好(不)做某事)5. Will / Would you please (not) do sth ? (请你(不)做某事好吗?)1.The hospital is very far from here . Youd better _(catch )a bus.2.I hear you bought a new watch, Let me _(have )a look at

7、 your watch . 3.Jim told us a funny story and the story made us _(laugh).4.The problem is very hard, Why not _(ask) the teacher for help? 5. Its time for class , Would you please _(keep) quiet?( )6.-Will you please _at 7 oclock? -Yes, I will. A. to wake me up B. to wake up me C. wake me up D. wake u

8、p me( )7.This is a new word. why _ in the dictionary. A. not look up it B. not look it up C. dont you look up it D. both B and C( )8.Dont make me _ this or that. Im too busy ! A. to do B. doing C. do D. done9.-May I listen to the music here , Mr. White?-Sorry, Youd better _it like that. A. not to do

9、 B. not do C. dont do D. not do to( )10.-Do you often hear John _ in his room? -Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing ; to sing B. singing ; singing C. sing ; singing D. to sing ; singing动名词: 动名词既具有名词的特征，在句子中既可做主语、表语、宾语和定语，又保留了动词的功能，可以有自己的宾语和状语而构成动名词短语。动名词的形式是：动词加ing。当动名词在句子中作主语时，其谓语动词必

10、须用单数形式。动名词的用法：(1)作主语：用于表示的是泛指的而不是一次性的动作。动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语。如：Playing football in the street is very dangerous.=It is very dangerous to play football in the street.Reading books in bed is bad for our eyes.(2)作宾语。如：Many businessmen enjoy playing golf and tennis.主要结构有：like / enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事) ; fi

11、nish doing sth.(做完某事) ; prastice doing sth(练习作做某事); have fun doing sth.(做某事开心); keep sb. doing sth.(让某人持续做某事); give up doing sth.(放弃做某事) ; thanks for doing sth.(感谢做某事); look forward to doing sth.(渴望做某事); be good at = do well in (擅长做某事) ; What / How about doing sth? (做某事怎么样?) ; spend some time / mone

12、y in doing sth.(花费时间/金钱做某事) ; ; stop doing sth.(停止做某事) ; need doing sth.(需要做某事，物作主语) ; without doing sth.(没有做某事)(3)做表语。主要结构有：be busy doing (忙于做）/ The new term is coming. The students are busy cleaning the classroom.(4) 做定语：There is a shop selling all kinds of things near the train station.(4) 标识语： N

13、o smoking ! (禁止吸烟！) No parking !(禁止停车！)(5)去做某事：go swimming / shopping / fishing / skating / boating.A.填空1.Stop _(talk) , please, The film has begun .2.Can you finish _(draw)a picture in five minutes ?3.Most of young people enjoy _(sing) pop songs. 4.-Cant you see the signNo _(smoke) ? -Sorry, I didn

14、t see it.7.I m sorry to have kept you _(wait ) for a long time .8._(do) morning exercises is good for our health. 10. The doctor is busy _(operate) on the patient.12.The boy was so angry that he left the room without _(say ) a word .15.My bike is broken , It needs _(repair).16.-Bob speaks Chinese qu

15、ite well.-Yes, so he does. He practices_(speak)Chinese every day.17.They spent the whole day in_(visit )their relatives and friends .18.Jake Booth is good at _(paint ).19.-What about _(fly ) kites after school this afternoon ? -Thats a good idea!20. -Would you like to go _(swim) with us this Sunday?

16、 -Id love to, but my parents wont allow me.21. I have fun _(play) the piano after school.22.Mary is looking forward to _(visit) the Great Wall one day.动词不定式：没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，它还具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。它的形式是to +动词原形，否定式为not to +动词原形。要点结构：A.动词不定式可以直接做主语。但在英语中，常用i

17、t做形式主语,真正主语不定式放在后面，用 Its +adj./ n.+to do sth.句型。如：To learn a foreign language well is very important. Its our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.B.不定式用在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语。My work is to clean the street every day.C.做宾语补足语。可以带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有tell / ask / encourage /

18、teach/ advise sb. (not) to do sth.还可以构成find it + adj +to do sth.(it为形式宾语)D.做宾语：主要结构有would like / hope / forget / remember / try ones best / need / decide /agree /.to do sth.E.做定语：不定式做定语须放在被修饰词的后面。如：Be quiet! I have something important to tell you. The best time to plant trees is in spring. The best

19、way to learn English is to use it.注意：如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。如：The room is too small for us to live in.I have no pen to write with.F.做状语：目的状语:如：To learn English, Miss Liu went to England in 1997. The students were so tired that they stopped to have a rest.原因状语：如：Im sorry to hear that. Im glad to se

20、e you again.结果状语:如：The boy is too young to join the army.The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.G.与疑问词连用：如：what to do / how to do it / which one to choose / where to go / when to start.A.填空1.Its very important for us _(learn) English well.2.My home is near our school. It takes me half an hour

21、_(walk) there. 3.Its half past six now. Its time for us _(have )supper.4.We find it easy _(find) a good job if you study English well. 5.Im an English teacher .My job is _(teach ) English . 6.My ambition is _(be ) a doctor , what about yours? 7. -Would you like _(go) swimming with me this afternoon?

22、 -Yes, Id love to.8.Try your best _(learn) English well, youll find a good job.9.Dont forgot _(turn ) off the lights when you leave . 10.My parents often encourage me _(study) hard at school.12.The teacher told us _(not talk) in class.14.Be quiet ! I have something important _(tell) you. 15.Im hungr

23、y, please go and get something _(eat ).16.The boy is four years old, he is too young _(go ) to school.17.We have worked for two hours. Now lets stop _(have) a rest.18.There are so many kinds of shoes, I cant decide which one _(buy ).C.句型转换:2. Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?(同义句) Ca

24、n you tell me how_ _to the post office?4. I hope that I can see him as soon as possible.(同义句)I hope _ _ him as soon as possible.5.The boy is so young that he cant join the army.(同义句)The boy is _ young _join the army.6. To understand business English is hard.(同义句)_ is hard _ _ business English.分词：分词有

25、现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词主要结构有：see / hear / notice / watch sb. doing sth.过去分词主要结构有：be worried about ; be pleased with ; be interested in ; be surprised ; get lost / dressed / married ; books written by Luxun ; cars made in Japan; 填空。1.There is something wrong with my leg, I think its _(break).3.I think the s

26、hop is _(close) at this time of day.4.Keep together, or youll get _(lose).6.We were _(surprise) to hear the news.8.Can you tell me when your sister got _(marry)?9. You look _(worry). Whats the matter ?17.On my way home ,I saw a wallet _(lie ) on the ground .（七年级）基础语法 连系动词 用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。常见

27、的有：be ; seem ; look ; sound; smell; feel ; taste ; get ; become ; turn , grow等。 1.You look _(worry), whats the matter with you? 2.When spring comes , the weather gets _(warm) and the days get _(long).（ ）4. Dont eat the meat. It smells _ . A.badly B. delicious C. well D. terrible5.Father is sleeping

28、. Youd better _. A. keep quietly B. keep quiet C. to keep quiet D. to keep quietly6.-_are you feeling now ? -Much better. A.What B. How C. Where D. When7.The apple _(尝起来) very sweet. Please give me some more.8. It _(似乎) that he has been to many countries.助动词 本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独做谓语。助动词有be ; have ; wil

29、l ; shall ; would 和do等。助动词在句中和实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。简单句 英语中的句子按其用途和意义，可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。A.单数句型与复数句型：单数句型改为复数句型时，相应的单数形式，比如主语、谓语、宾语和表语等都要改为复数形式，不可遗漏。1.He / she is a student. _ _ students.2.Its an old photo. _ are old _.3. This / that is a big tomato. _/ _ are big _.当名词作定语时，不可轻易将名词改为复数形式，因为名词作定语

30、常用单数形式。1.Its an apple tree. _ _ apple trees.2. There is a shoe shop near my house. There _ _ shoe shops near my house.复数句型改为单数句型时，注意将名词复数变为单数形式，若名词是泛指类别时，一定要加不定冠词。1.These / those are interesting stories. _ / _ is _ interesting story.2. They are orange dresses._ is _ orange dress. B.肯定句变否定句：一般在be动词（am ; is ; are ; was ; were)、助动词（do ; does ;did ;will ; would have ; has ; had )、情态动词（can ; may )后加no