管理沟通问题和答案.docx

管理沟通问题和答案.docx

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管理沟通问题和答案

《管理沟通（双语）》问题&答案

CHAPTER1ManagementCommunicationinTransition

1.Whatdomanagersdoallday?

（1）Managersspendtheirtimeengagedinplanning,organizing,staffing,directing,coordinating,reporting,andcontrolling.

（2）Managersareinconstantaction.

（3）Managersshowsimilarpatterns,theyspendmostoftheirtimeinteractingwithothers,bothinsideandoutsidetheorganization.

（4）Mostmanagementworkisconversational.

2.Whatrolesdomanagersplay?

（1）InterpersonalRoles.TheserolesincludeFigureheadrole,Leaderrole,andLiaisonrole.

（2）InformationalRoles.Theserolesincludemonitor,disseminatorandspokesperson.

（3）DecisionalRoles.Theserolesincludeentrepreneur,disturbanceorcrisishandler,resourceallocatorandnegotiator.

3.WhataremajorcharacteristicsoftheManager’sjob?

（1）Timeisfragmented.

（2）Valuescompeteandthevariousrolesareintension.

（3）Thejobisoverloaded.

（4）Efficiencyisacoreskill.

4.Whatvariesinamanager’sjob?

（1）Theentrepreneurroleisgainingimportance.

（2）Soistheleaderrole.Managersmustbemoresophisticatedasstrategistsandmentors.

（3）Managersmustcreatealocalvisionastheyhelppeoplegrow.

5.ListmanagementskillsrequiredfortheTwenty—FirstCentury

（1）Technicalskills.Thesearemostvaluableattheentrylevel,butlessvaluableatmoreseniorlevels.

（2）Relatingskills.Thesearevaluableacrossthemanagerialcareerspanandaremorelikelytohelpyouprogressandbepromotedtohigherlevelsofresponsibility.

（3）Conceptualskills.Theseareleastvaluableattheentrylevel,butmorevaluableatmoreseniorlevelsintheorganization.

6.Whatdoesverbalinteraction（talk）include?

（1）One—on—oneconversations.

（2）Telephoneconversations.

（3）Videoteleconferencing.

（4）Presentationstosmallgroups.

（5）Publicspeakingtolargeraudiences.

7.Whythemajorchannelsofmanagementcommunicationaretalkingandlistening

（1）Aseriesofscientificstudieshaveservedtoconfirmwhateachofusknowsthatmostmanagersspendthelargestportionoftheirdaytalkingandlistening.

（2）E.K.Werner’sthesisattheUniversityofMaryland,infact,foundthatNorthAmericanadultsspendmorethan78percentoftheircommunicationtimeeithertalkingorlisteningtootherswhoaretalking.

（3）AccordingtoWernerandotherswhohavestudiedthecommunicationhabitsofpostmodernbusinessorganizations,managersareinvolvedinmorethanjustspeechesandpresentationsfromthedaisorteleconference.

（4）Eachoftheseactivitiesmaylooktosomemanagerslikeanobligationimposedbythejob.

8.Whatroledoeswritingplay?

（1）Wittingisacareersifter.

（2）Managersdomostoftheirownwritingandediting.

（3）Documentstakeonlivesoftheirown.

9.Communicationisinvention,howdoyouunderstand?

（1）Withoutquestion,communicationisaprocessofinvention.

（2）Thefactis,managerscreatemeaningthroughcommunication.

（3）Additionally,itisimportanttonotethatmanagersusuallyfigurethingsoutbytalkingaboutthemasmuchastheytalkaboutthethingstheyhavealreadyfiguredout.

10.Whyinformationissociallyconstructed?

（1）Informationiscreated,shared,andinterpretedbypeople.

（2）Informationneverspeaksforitself.

（3）Contextalwaysdrivesmeaning.

（4）Amessengeralwaysaccompaniesmessage.

11.Whatisthegreatestchallengeforeverymanager?

Yourgreatestchallengeistoadmittoflawsinyourskillsetandworktirelesslytoimprovethem.Butfirst,youmustadmittotheflaws.

12.Whatisyourtaskasaprofessional?

（1）Asaprofessionalmanager,yourfirsttaskistorecognizeandunderstandyourstrengthsandweaknessesasacommunicator.

（2）Foremostamongyourgoalsshouldbetoimproveexistingskills.

（3）Twoothersuggestionscometomindforimprovingyourprofessionalstandingasamanager.Acquireaknowledgebasethatwillworkfortwenty—firstcentury.

（4）Youshouldreadatleastonenationalnewspapereachday.

（5）Yourfinalchallengeistodeveloptheconfidenceyouwillneedtosucceedasamanager.

CHAPTER2CommunicationsandStrategy

1.Definecommunication

（1）Communicationisthetransferofmeaning.

（2）Itmustbeunderstood.

（3）Itisacomplex,ongoingprocess.

2.Whataretheelementsofcommunication?

（1）Sender.

（2）Receiver.

（3）Message.

（4）Medium.

（5）Code.

（6）Feedback.

（7）Noise.

（8）Effect.

3.Whataretheprinciplesofcommunication?

（1）Dynamic.Humancommunicationisconstantlyundergoingchange.

（2）Continuous.Communicationneverstops.

（3）Circular.Communicationisrarelyeverentirelyone—way.

（4）Unrepeatable.

（5）Irreversible.

（6）Complex.

4.Whatarelevelsofcommunication?

（1）Intrapersonal.

（2）Interpersonal.

（3）Organizational.

（4）Massorpublic.

5.Whatarebarriersofcommunication?

（1）Physiologicalbarriers.Insendingmessagetoothers,wemustbesensitivetothefactthattheymaynotsee,hear,touch,smell,ortasteinthesamewaywedo.

（2）Psychologicalbarriers.Suchasfiltering,emotions,informationoverload,language,andnationalculture.

6.Howtocommunicatestrategically?

（1）Itmeansthatyourplansforcommunication,yourproposedmessages,themediumyouselect,thecodeyouemploy,thecontextandexperienceyoubringtosituation,andtheethicsyouadoptwillallhaveadirecteffectontheoutcome.

（2）Ifyouarecommunicatingstrategically,thosegoalswillbealignedwithanddirectlysupportthegoalsoftheorganizationyouworkfor.

（3）Youmustaskyourselfafewquestionsrelatedtotheelementsofcommunicationlistedabove.

7.Listthestepsofsuccessfulstrategiccommunication

（1）Linkyourmessagetothestrategyandgoalsoftheorganization.

（2）Attracttheattentionofyourintendedaudience.

（3）Explainyourpositionintermstheywillunderstandandaccept.

（4）Motivateyouraudiencetoacceptandactonyourmessage.

（5）Inoculatethemagainstcontrarymessageandpositions.

（6）Manageaudienceexpectations.

8.Whycommunicatingasamanagerisdifferent?

（1）Levelsofresponsibilityandaccountability.Thehigheryourlevelofresponsibilityinanorganization,themoreyouhavetothinkabout.

（2）Organizationaldynamics.Organizations,likethehumanswhopopulateandanimatethem,areinconstantflux.

（3）Personalitypreferences.Itisimportanttoacknowledgethateachofushashisorherownpreferenceforgathering,organizing,anddisseminatinginformation.

9.Whatarethetacticsofcommunication?

（1）fact—finding.

（2）Analysis.

（3）Methods.

（4）Timing.

（5）Media.

（6）Cost.

（7）Thedozensofassumptionsyoumustmakeaboutyouraudience,yourreasonsforcommunicatingandsoon.

CHAPTER3CommunicationEthics

1.Howtounderstandtheethicalconductofemployers?

（1）ArecentNationalBusinessEthicsSurveydiscoveredthatemployeescareabouttheethicalconducttheiremployers.

（2）ThroughHudson—Walkersurvey,onlyathirdofemployeesfeelcomfortablereportingmisconduct.30percentofemployeesknowofsuspectethicalviolationsintheirorganizationsinthepasttwoyears.

（3）Themajorityoftheseemployeeshaveseenorknowaboutaviolationhavenotreportedit.

（4）Ifyoubehaveinunethicalways,peoplewillquicklyrealizethatyoucannotbetrusted.

2.Definingbusinessethics

（1）Ethicsmostoftenreferstoafieldofinquiry,ordiscipline,inwhichmattersofrightandwrong,goodandevil,virtueandvice,aresystematicallyexamined.

（2）Moralityismostoftenusedtorefernottodisciplinebuttopatternsofbehaviorthatareactuallycommonineverydaylife.

（3）Socialresponsibilityreferstopartofethics,relatingtoexternalconstituencies.

（4）Theserelationshipsdefinealargeandveryimportantpartofbusinessethics.Businessethicsisamuchlargernotionthancorporatesocialresponsibity,eventhoughitincludesthatconcept.

3.Whatarethreelevelsofinquiry?

（1）Theindividual.Businessethicsconcernsthevaluesbywhichself—interestandothermotivesarebalancedwithconcernforfairnessandthecommongood,bothinsideandoutsideofacompany.

（2）Theorganization.Businessethicsconcernsthegroupconsciencethateverycompanyhasasitpursuesitseconomicobjectives.

（3）Theeconomy.Businessethicsconcernsthepatternofsocial,political,andeconomicforces.

4.Listthreeviewsofdecisionmaking

（1）Moralpointofview.Ithastwoimportantfeatures.Thefirstisawillingnesstoseekoutandactonreasons.Second,amoralpointofviewrequiresthedecisionmakertobeimpartial.

（2）Economicpointofview.

（3）Legalpointofview.

5.Howtounderstandanintegratedapproach?

Manybusinessethicistsadvocateadecision—makingprocessthatintegratesthesethreeviewpoints,consideringthedemandsofmorality,economics,andthelawtogether.Decisions,theysay,canbemadeonthebasisofmorality,profit,andlegalitytogethertoarriveatworkablesolutionswhichwilltakeintoaccountthebestinterestsofallconcerned,protecttheinvestmentofshareholders,andobeythelaw.

6.Whatarethetwobasictypesofjudgments?

（1）Twobasictypesofjudgmentsarenormativejudgmentsandmoraljudgments.

（2）Normativejudgmentsareclaimsthatstateorimplythatsomethingisgoodorbad,rightorwrong,betterorworse,oughttobeoroughtnotbe.

（3）Moraljudgments,then,areaspecialsubsetorcategoryofnormativejudgments.

（4）Businesspeopleusetwotypesofmoralstandardstomakedecisions.Oneismoralnorms,theotherismoralprinciples.

7.Howtodistinguishcharacteristicsofmoralprinciplesfromotherstandards?

（1）TheyhaveseriousconsequencestoHumanWell—Being.

（2）Theirvalidityrestsontheadequacyofthereasonswhichareusedtosupportandjustifythem.

（3）Theyoverride