外刊经贸知识选读模拟测试.docx

外刊经贸知识选读模拟测试.docx

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外刊经贸知识选读模拟测试

外刊经贸知识选读模拟测试一

I.Chooseoneanswerthebestexplainstheunderlinedpartofthefollowingstatementsorbestcompletesthem（30%）

1.AsEurope’seconomysoured,free-marketideasthatarenewtomuchofEuropefacenewchallenges.（B）

A.improvedB.worsenedC.strengthenedD.reinforced

2.AcommoditybreakdownofChina’stradeshowsthatfuelsaccountedfor24%oftotalexportsin1982,foodproductsfor13%,textilefibresandmineraloresfor7%andmanufacturedgoodsfor55%.（C）

A.failureB.collapseC.recordD.classification

3.Thisisstimulatingaverylargespin-offintermsofaninfluxofpeoplerequiringaccommodationandservices.（A）

A.inflowB.inputC.itemD.inbox

4.NakasonegiveseverysignofbeingsincereinhisdesiretoreduceaJapanesesurplusintradewiththeUSthathit36.8billiondollarsin1984andcouldsoontop50billion.（C）

A.onthetopofB.headC.increasetoD.increaseby

5.TheonceprovincialcapitalofSeoulteemswithenergyandsophistication,Korea’sexpectationsforabetterlifearehighandrisingfast.（B）

A.copeswithB.isfullofC.acceleratesD.reserves

6.Americaobjectedtothat,andaskedwhethertheproposed“directpayment”werenotreallyproductionsubsidiesindisguise.（A）

A.adeceptivecoveringB.differentapproachesC.relatedproblemsD.overthepastfewdecades

7.ByJan.1wewillhavepassed95%ofwhatwesoughtin1986tocreatethesinglemarket,andmuchofthatwillalreadyhavebeentranslatedintonationallaw.B

A.turnedupB.changedC.concludedD.fulfilled

8.Soonerorlatertheywillbegintolosetheiredge,muchastheUnitedStatesdidagainstJapan.D

A.ritualB.sideC.balanceD.advantage

9.IfEuropeanaren’tburstingtogivethesinglemarketacomingoutoftheparty,itmaysimplybethatmarketsaren’tthekindsofthingspeoplegushabout.A

A.eagertoB.pouringC.explodingD.breaking

10.Jean-PierreSoisson,thefarmminister,hassaidFrancemayblocktheEC’sacceptanceofanewfarm-tradedeal,andtherebywrecktheround.D

A.denyB.standC.insistD.ruin

11.InCalifornia’sSiliconValleyKoo’swhite-frockedresearchscientistsdelveintothemysteriesofstate-of-the-artsemiconductortechnology.（C）

A.artisticB.fashionC.themostadvancedD.unveiling

12.Suchopportunitiescometoorarelytobesquandered.（A）

A.wastedB.spurtC.squabbledD.cherished

13.Now,withChinapoisedtojointheWTO,thepatternisrepeatinghigheronthetechnologyladder.B

A.posedB.wasreadyC.balancedD.supported

14.Internationaltradersforecastbleakoutlookthisyearforthegrainproductionforthebadweather.（D）

A.brightB.so-soC.encouragingD.discouraging

15.Thefallsinplatinumandgoldwasaggravatedbythewithdrawalofinvestmentsupportasthedollarregainedground.（B）

A.improvedBworsenC.eliminatedD.increased

II.TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChinese（10%）

16.tradereprisal贸易报复

17.tradebalance贸易差额

18.OPEC石油输出国组织

19.onaconservativeestimate据保守估计

20.hardsell强行推销

21.barter易货贸易

22.infrastructure基础设施

23.importquota进口限额

24.countervailingduty反补贴税

25.carbontax双重税

III.TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish（10%）

26.补偿贸易compensationtrade

27.经营机制operationmechanisms

28.利率interestrate

29.市场份额marketshare

30.倾销dumping

31.经济封锁economicblockade

32.知识产权intellectualpropertyright

33.贴现率discountrate

34.利润汇款profit-remittance

35.最惠国待遇most-favorednationtreatment

IV.ReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

（24%）

Passage1

TheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,orGATT,isamultilateraltreatybetweengovernments,whichisconcernedwithinternationaltrade.ItcameintooperationonJanuary1,1948.inthe1930s,whentheworldwassufferingfromanintenseeconomicdepressions,manygovernmentsattemptedtoseekshelterbehindvariouskindsofprotectivebarriers:

hightariffprotection,quotarestrictiononimports,exchangecontrols,andsoon.ItbecameevidentduringtheSecondWorldWarthattheserestrictionsmightbecomepermanentlyfastenedupontheworldunlessresoluteattemptsweremadetodismantleandoutlawthem.TheGATTistodaythemajorresultofefforts,whichweremadeinthisdirection.

36.CouldyouexplainthetermGATTinyourownworlds?

Itisamultilateraltreatybetweengovernments,whichisconcernedwithinternationaltrade.ItcameintooperationonJanuary1,1948.

37.WhydidpeopledecidetosetuptheGATT?

Itwasheldwithviewtowardingoffanoveralltradewartriggeredoffbytradeprotectionisminthe1930s,whichledtoaglobalgreatslump.

38.WhatwasnecessarytododuringtheWWIIfortheworldeconomyaccordingtothispassage?

Itwasnecessarytodemolishthetradeprotectionism;otherwise,itmightrestricttheworldeconomypermanently.

Passage2

EventhoughEnronshareholdershavebeenessentiallywipedout,KenLayisn’tgoingtothepoorhouse.UnlikeEnronemployeeswhoseretirementaccountshavebeenvaporizedbecausetheyconsistedlargelyofEnronstockthecompanywouldn’tletthemsell,Layhasplentyofwealthleft.Lastyearalone,hemade$123millionofprofitonstockoptions,accordingtoEnronfilings.Thisyearhehasmadeanadditional$25millionorso.Note:

onFridaywithitsstockataround30cents,Enronchangeditspolicyandallowedemployeestosellit.

Ironically,whatbroughtdownEnronfromitsloftyperchontheFortune500list（No.7）isthatthemarkets,whosevirtueitpreached,lostfaithinitafteritdisclosedfunnydealingswithapartnershiprunbyitschieffinancialofficer.

Enron,amajortraderofelectricityandnaturalgas,grossed$200billionayearandhad$60billionassets,butturnedouttobeabubble.Itsbusinessdependedonborrowinglotsofmoney.PeoplelineduptolendaslongasEnronseemedhealthy.Whensuspiciousarosesixweeksagoafterthecompanyrevealeditspartnershipproblems,moneytrickledaway.Thenitstartedleavinginaflood.AsEnrontottered,itlottradingbusiness.

39.WhatchangesdidEnronmaketowardsthepolicyofitsshareholders?

Atfirst,thecompanywouldnotallowtheemployeeshareholderstoselltheirshares,butafterittumbledataround30cents,Enronchangeditspolicyandalloweditsemployeestosellit.

40.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedtotheretirementaccountsofEnron’smostemployees?

MostEnronemployees’retirementaccountshaveactuallydisappearedbecausetheyconsistedlargelyofEnronstockthatthecompanywouldnotletthemsell.Whenthecompanydidallowthemtosellthestock,itisalmostworthless.

41.WhydidtheauthorsayEnron“turnedouttobeabubble”?

BecauseEnronusedtoenjoyaverygoodreputation.ItwasontheFortune500list（No.7）.Itsbusinessdependedonborrowingalotofmoney.Ithadseriouspartnershipproblems.Whensuspiciousarose,investmentmoneyranawayfromEnronanditlosttradingbusiness.

V.Readthefollowingtwopassagesanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.MarkTfortrueandFforfalseinthebracketsgiven:

（15%）

Passage1

Russia,ChinaandIndiaareincontroloftheirdestinies.Theiraverageincomesare5to10timeshigherthanincomesinthepoorcountries.Theyparticipatevigorouslyinworldtrade,althoughRussialessthantheothers.They,infactandtheory（theoryforthemostpart,inIndia’sandRussia’scases）,areopentoforeigninvestment.Theirculturescherisheducation,hardworkandatleastthegoalofhonestyinbusinessandgovernment---qualitiesessentialforrapideconomicgrowth.Onefinalparallel:

China,IndiaandRussiaarejustgettingstartedonthereformroad,anditisalwayseasiesttosprintwhencomingoffthestartline.

TheeconomiesinJapanandHongKonggotgoingrightafterWorldWarII.TheotherAsiantigers,suchasTaiwan,SouthKoreaandMalaysia,joinedtheraceinthe1960s.Chinaclimbedontothecourseonlyafter1979,andverycautiouslyatfirst.Indiagaveuponsocialism,andRussiaoncommunism,onlyin1991.Nowthethreebiglatecomersareenjoyingaperiodinwhichintelligentimitationoftheirpredecessorscanyielddecadesofveryrapidgrowth.

42.Russia,ChinaandIndiaareparticipatingequallyvigorouslyinworldtradeaccordingtothepassage.（F）

43.TheauthorimpliedthatIndiaandRussiahaven’tbeenveryopentoforeigninvestment.（T）

44.TherearesimilarpositiveculturalvaluesamongRussia,ChinaandIndia.（T）

45.It’simpliedthatRussia,ChinaandIndiawilldobetterinthefuturesincetheirascendancyhasjuststarted.（T）

46.Indevelopingtheircountries’economy,theabove-mentionedthreecountriesdidn’tlearntheirlessonsfromthepredecessors.（F）

Passage2

WhatunquestionablypushedtheSwissbanksintolimitingsecrecywasthehugefinancialscandalinvolvingtheCreditSwiss:

oneofSwitzerland’s“bigthree”banks.ThenotorietyoftheaffairbadlytarnishedtheSwissbanks’imageofstabilityandhonesty.

ThescandalcametolightwhentheCreditSwissBankrevealedthatthemanagerofoneofitsmajorbranchesinChiasso,neartheItalianborder,hadbeeninvolvedinsecret,unauthorizeddeals.Thesehadresultedingiganticlossestothebank.Someestimatedtheeventualfiguremightreach$300millionormore.

AnimportantresultoftheCreditSwissfiascowasthattheSwissbankswereforcedtotightentheirrulesandformalizetheirbehaviorregardingbankingsecrecy.Aswehavealreadymentioned,pressuretoreformthesystemhadbeenbuildingupforyears.Itneededthisdebacletotipthebankstowardsreform.TheSwissDirectorGeneraloftheNationalBankwasundoubtedlyrightwhenhestatedpubliclythatSwitze