全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

　　 NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MS

　　Candidates（NETEM）

　　SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　 Directions:

　　 Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　 TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_____itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw______justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_____thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.

　　 JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe____asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_____byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_______tothecodeofconductthat______totherestofthefederaljudiciary.

　　 Thisandothercases______thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_____betweenthecourtandpolitics.

　　 TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw____havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions____theywouldbefreeto____thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_____politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_____.

　　 Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial______likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_____isinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_____asunjust.

　　 Thejusticesmust_____doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_____tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_____,convincingaslaw.

　　1Aemphasize Bmaintain Cmodify Drecognize

　　2Awhen Bbest Cbefore Dunless  

　　3Arendered Bweakened Cestablished Deliminated

　　4Achallenged Bcompromised Csuspected Daccepted  

　　5.Aadvanced Bcaught Cbound Dfounded

　　6.Aresistant Bsubject Cimmune Dprone     

　　7.Aresorts Bsticks Cleads Dapplies   

　　8.Aevade Braise Cdeny Dsettle  

　　9.Aline Bbarrier Csimilarity  Dconflict   

　　10.Aby Bas Cthrough Dtowards  

　　11.Aso Bsince Cprovided Dthough

　　12.Aserve Bsatisfy Cupset Dreplace   

　　13.Aconfirm Bexpress Ccultivate Doffer

　　14Aguarded Bfollowed Cstudied Dtied

　　15.Aconcepts Btheories Cdivisions Dconvenience

　　16.Aexcludes  Bquestions Cshapes Dcontrols

　　17.Adismissed Breleased Cranked Ddistorted

　　18.Asuppress Bexploit Caddress Dignore  

　　19.Aaccessible B.amiable Cagreeable Daccountable

　　20.Abyallmeans Batallcosts Cinaword Dasaresult

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

　　Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.

　　Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:

InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.

　　Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:

theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!

”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.

　　Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.

　　There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.

　　Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:

intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.

　　21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas

　　[A]asupplementtothesocialcure

　　[B]astimulustogroupdynamics

　　[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress

　　[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

　　22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould

　　[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers

　　[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience

　　[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

　　[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

　　23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto

　　[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

　　[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

　　[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

　　[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

　　24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors

　　[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

　　[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies

　　[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit

　　[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

　　25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis

　　[A]harmful

　　[B]desirable

　　[C]profound

　　[D]questionable

　TEXT2

　　Prettyinpink:

adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

　　Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it'snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:

intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren'smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

　　Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour:

wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.

　　Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler"becamecommonshoppers'termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

　　26Bysaying"itis...Therainbow"（line3,Para1）,theauthormeanspink_______.

　　Ashouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

　　Bshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

　　Ccannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

　　Dcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

　　27AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?

　　AColorsareencodedingirls'DNA

　　BBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls

　　CPinkusedto