毕业设计ComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseDOC.docx

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毕业设计ComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseDOC.docx

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毕业设计ComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseDOC.docx

毕业设计ComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseDOC

毕业设计任务书

姓名班号院（系）

指导老师指导教师职称

1、课题名称及来源

ComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese

2、课题内容

TheEnglish-ChineseTranslationarticlemainlyexplainedtheLisbonStrategy,thedevelopmentstrategyoftheEuropeanUnion,formseveralaspects.AnddiscussedwhatchinacanlearnfromtheEUstrategy.TheChinese-englishtranslationarticlediscussedtheinternetword-of-mouthofdestinationanditstraits,andtheinfluenceofIWOMontourists.

Thelastarticlemainlysummarizedtheharvestandexperienceontranslationpractice.ItfirstlyexpatiatedthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesefromtheaspectofmorphology,sentencestructureandgrammar,andexpressinghabit.Intermsofmorphology,Chineseisatypicalanalyticlanguageandenglishismostlyasyntheticlanguage,transitioningtoanalyticlanguage.Fromtheaspectofsentencestructureandgrammar,englishbelongstocompact-structurelanguage,whileChineseismorediffusive.Bedsides,englishsentenceishypotacticstructuresentenceandmorecomplicated.WhileChinesesentenceisparatacticstructuresentenceandmoresimplethanenglish.Inaddition,therearemanydifferencesbetweenthetwolanguageinexpressinghabit.Thenthearticleanalyzedtherighttranslationprocessandsomespecifictranslationapproaches.Comprehension,representationandproofreadingarenecessarywhentranslating.What`smore,it`sbettertousepropertranslationapproaches,suchasliteraltranslation,liberaltranslationandliteral-plus-liberaltranslation.Consideringthelanguageandculturedifference,wecanuseforeignizingtranslationanddomesticatingtranslationwhichareconcernedmorewithcultural,linguisticandaestheticconsiderations.Atlast,thearticlelistedthepersonalthoughtsandgainsfromthetranslationpractice.

3、课题任务要求

翻译心得立论正确，论据确凿；翻译记得及译文语言通顺、流畅，无或少有语法错误。

计算机打印。

4、同组设计者

5、主要参考文献

[1]王力,1984.《中国语法理论》[M],第一卷：

山东教育出版社。

[2]PeterNewmark.2001.ApproachestoTranslation[M].Shanghai:

ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.

[3]刘宓庆.1998.《文体与翻译》[M],北京：

中国对外翻译出版社。

中英文比较与翻译及翻译实践

摘要

英译汉的文章主要从多个方面讨论了欧盟的里斯本战略，并探讨中国可以从这些战略中能学习什么。

汉译英的文章主要阐述了旅游地网络口碑的特点和它对消费行为的影响及营销对策。

最后一篇心得体会性文章主要总结了翻译实践中的经验与收获。

首先阐述了英语和汉语在语言形态学、语句结构和语法以及表达习惯上的差异。

在语言形态学基础上，汉语属于描述性语言，而英文更倾向于综合性语言。

从语句结构和语法上来说，汉语语句是流散的，多用意全法组句，因此汉语句子以简单句为多。

相反，英语语句子在组句时多用形合法，注重语法结构。

其语句是聚集型的且以长复杂句为主。

此外，在表达习惯上，汉语和英语也有多的不同之处。

接着本文分析了翻译的正确步骤和一些具体的翻译方法。

正确的翻译步骤应该是先理解再表达最后校对。

在表达的过程中，应该讲究使用一些好的翻译方法。

总体上来讲，英汉互译的翻译方法有直译法、意译法和这两种翻译方法的合用。

此外，考虑到语言及文化的差异，使用异化和归化译法有时也是很有必要的。

直译法、意译法有各自的优点，应在具体的翻译时适当的选择。

而异化和归化译法在翻译修辞格、谚语、习语等具有文化背景的翻译时是很有效的翻译方法。

不管用哪一种翻译方法，都要都要符合忠实、通顺的标准。

最后本文讲述了笔者在翻译实践过程中的心得体会与收获。

关键词：

英汉语差异翻译步骤翻译方法

TranslationpracticeandComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese

Abstract

Keywords:

differencesbetweenEnglishandChinesetranslationprocesstranslationapproaches

Contents

摘要i

Abstractii

1．ComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese1

1.1DifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese1

1.1.1Syntheticandanalyticlanguage1

1.1.2Differencesinsentencestructureandgrammar2

1.1.3Expressinghabitdifferences3

1.2.1TranslationProcess3

1.2.2TranslationApproaches3

1.3PersonalThoughtsabouttheTranslationPractice5

2．EffectsofInternetWord-of-mouthofDestinationonCustomerBehaviorandMarketingStrategy6

2.1IWOManditsTraits6

2.1.1IWOMistheWOMbasedonwritingandphotos.7

2.1.2IWOMhavewiderinfluenceandfasterspeedofspread7

2.1.3IWOMhasstrongerreliabilityandempathy7

2.1.4IWOMavoidinformationasymmetriesandpromotecustomerpower8

2.2theinfluenceofIWOMontourists8

2.2.1TheamountofIWOMinformationistheindicatorofthepopularityoftouristdestination.8

2.2.2ThetypeofIWOMinfluencetouristattitudeandperceivedexpectationtoproducts9

2.2.3Theexperiencingcharactereristicsoftouristproductsenhancetourists`efforttoactivelysearchforinformation.9

3．EUExperience:

DevelopmentorEquity?

3.1HistoricalLogicoftheDevelopmentModeloftheEuropeanWelfareState.11

3.2LogicalThinkingofEuropeans12

3.3TheDevelopmentStrategyoftheEuropeanUnion13

3.4WhatcanChinaLearnfromtheEUExperience?

Bibliography14

1．ComparisonandTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese

Throughthetwotranslationpractice,thatis,translationbetweenenglishandChinese,Ihavelearnedmuchknowledgeaboutthetwolanguagesandgainedseveraltranslationskills.First,IsummarizedthedifferencebetweenenglishandChinese,whichisthebasisofgoodtranslation.Second,Imasteredsomelanguagetranslationapproach.

1.1DifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese

1.1.1Syntheticandanalyticlanguage

Intermsofmorphology,languageisdividedintotwoparties:

thesyntheticlanguageandtheanalyticlanguage.

Thecharactersofthesyntheticandanalyticlanguage

Asyntheticlanguageis“characterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinflectedformstoexpressgrammaticalrelationships”.（Webster`sNinthNewCollegiateDictionary）Theseinflectedformsincludingtenses,voice,number,gender,anddegreeofcomparison,etc.

Comparedwiththesyntheticlanguage,theanalyticoneisrelativelyfixedinwordorderwithoutinflexion.Aanalyticlanguageis“characterizedbyrelativelyuseoffunctionwords,auxiliaryverbs,andchangesinwordordertoexpresssyntacticrelations,ratherthanofinflectedforms”（TheRandomHouseCollegeDictionary）.

DifferencebetweenEnglishandChineseonthisaspect

Chineseisatypicalanalyticlanguageanditalwaysmakeuseoffunctionwords,changesinwordorderorauxiliaryverbstoexpressdifferentmeanings.Forexample,不怕辣，辣不怕，怕不辣（notafraidofpepperyfood）.Bychangingtheorderofthethreewords,thedegreeofstandingpepperyfoodisgreatlychanged,aswellasthemeaningofthesentence.

However,englishismostlyasyntheticlanguage,transitioningtoanalyticlanguage.It`sobviousthattheinflectedformsisusuallyusedinenglishinordertofollowthegrammar.Forexample,thedegreeofcomparisonofenglishhasthecomparativedegreeandthesuperlativedegree.Theformsofwordsalwayschangedwhentheyareincomparisongrammar.

1.1.2Differencesinsentencestructureandgrammar

Compactanddiffusivelanguagesentence

Formtheperspectiveofsentencestructure,englishbelongstocompact-structurelanguage,whileChineseismorediffusive.

Mostenglishsentenceshaverigoroussubject-predicatestructure,whichiscomposedofverbalpraseandnominalprase.Inthestructure,subjectisabsolutelynecessary,andpredicateverbsarethecoresofsentences,withwhichothercompositionsarerelated.Besides,thesubjectandpredicateverbsshouldbecoordinatetomakeupaseriesofsentencestructure.Asaresult,theenglishsentencestructureiscompactstructure.

However,Chineseisnotboundbyformsandgrammaticalvoice.Thereisalotofdiversity,complexityandflexibilityinthesubject-predicatestructureofChinese.Chinesesentenceisfocusedonthecoherenceofmeaningratherthanthesurfaceform.SoChineseisthediffusivestructurelanguage.JustasWangLisaid,“intermsofstructure,englishiscontrolledbytheruleoflawandChineseisruledbypeople.”（WangLi,1984:

35）

Hypotacticandparatacticlanguage

Hypotaxisisthedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives（TheAmericanHeritageDictionary）.Englishpayattentiontothesentenceformanditsintegrityingrammar.It`shypotacticsentence.Englishfrequentlyuseovertcohesiontoclarifytherelationsbetweenwords,phrasesorclause,suchasrelatives,prepositions,connectives,etc.

Parataxisisthearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem（TheAmericanHeritageDictionary）.Chinesefocusedontheexpressionofmeaning,thetemporalorlogicalsequence,whichidnotlimitedatgrammaticallevel.Inmostcases,thedifferentsentencesareconnectedbysensebutnotconnectives.Soit`s

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