职称英语等级考试用书理工类精华版含16年新增.docx

职称英语等级考试用书理工类精华版含16年新增.docx

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职称英语等级考试用书理工类精华版含16年新增

第四部阅读理解

第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet

第十八篇ThirstforOil

第十九篇MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience

第二十篇ExploreroftheExtremeDeep

第二十一篇PlantGas

第二十二篇Snowflakes

第二十三篇PoweringaCity?

It'saBreeze.

第二十四篇UndergroundCoalFires--aLoomingCatastrophe

第二十五篇EattoLive

第二十六篇MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently

第二十七篇DriventoDistraction

第二十八篇SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

第二十九篇FoodFright

第三十篇DigitalRealm

*第三十一篇HurricaneKatrina

*第三十二篇Mind-readingMachine

*第三十三篇ExpertsCallforLocalandRegionalControlofSitesforRadioactive

*第三十四篇BatteriesBuiltbyViruses

*第三十五篇PuttingPlantstowork

*第三十六篇ListeningDeviceProvidesLandslideEarlyWarning

*第三十七篇"Don'tDrinkAlone"GetsNewMeaning

*第三十八篇"LifeFormFound"onSaturn'sTitan

*第三十九篇CloneFarm

*第四十篇TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety

+第四十一篇TooLittleforGlobalWarming

+第四十二篇RenewableEnergySources

+第四十三篇ForecastingMethods

+第四十四篇DefendingtheTheoryofEvolutionStillSeemsNeeded

+第四十五篇SmallButWise

+第四十六篇AntsHaveBigImpactonEnvironmentas"EcosystemEngineers"

+第四十七篇ListeningtoBirdsong

+第四十八篇ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingUpright

+第四十九篇U.S.ScientistsConfirmWateronMars

+第五十篇CellPhonesIncreaseTraffic,PedestrianFatalities

第一篇至第三十篇为C级，第三十一篇至第四十篇为B级，第四十一篇至第五十篇为A级

第五部分补全短文

第一篇Mobilephones

第一篇TheWorld’sLongestBridge

第二篇ReinventingtheTable

第三篇Don’tRelyonPlanktontoSavethePlanet

第四篇TheMagicofSound

第五篇DungtoDeath

第六篇TimeintheAnimalWorld

第七篇WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow

第八篇HeatIskiller

第九篇HighDive

第一十篇*VirtualDriver

第一十一篇*MusicalTrainingCanImproveCommunicationSkills

第一十二篇+SleepingGiant

第一十三篇+RoboticHighwayCones

第一十四篇+TheArcticIceIsThawing

第六部分完型填空

第六篇   CarThievesCouldBeStoppedRemotely

第七篇   AnIntelligentCar

第八篇WhyIndiaNeedsItsDyingVultures

第九篇   WonderWebs

第十篇   ChickenSoupfortheSoul：

ComfortFoodFightsLoneliness

*第十一篇ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities

*第十二篇FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRisk

+第十三篇BetterSolarEnergySystems:

MoreHeat,MoreLight

+第十四篇 SharksPerformaServiceforEarth'sWaters

+第十五篇 “Liquefaction”KeytoMuchofJapaneseEarthquakeDamage

1、CommonQuestionsaboutDreams

2、BabyTalk

3、TheApgarTest

4、IceCreamTasterHasSweetJob

5、PrimeronSmell

第十七篇ASunshadeforthePlanet

Evenwiththebestwill1intheworld,reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingpreventglobalwarming.Ithasbecomeclearthatevenifwetakethemoststrongmeasurestocontrolemissions,theuncertaintiesinourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextremewarmingandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,resistancebygovernmentsandspecialinterestgroupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbeimplementedsoonenough./Fortunately,iftheworstcomestotheworse2,scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves3.Forthemostparttheyhavestronglyresisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseofcomplacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatis.Agrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scale“geoengineering”projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteractglobalwarming.“Iusetheanalogyofmethadone4,”saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming.“Ifyouhaveaheroinaddict,thecorrecttreatmentishospitalization,andalongrehab.Butiftheyabsolutelyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthanheroin./Basicallytheideaistoapply“sunscreen”tothewholeplanet.OneastronomerhascomeupwitharadicalplantocoolEarth:

launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wheretheywouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun’srays.It’scontroversial,butrecentstudiessuggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth’ssurfacetocounteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthatblockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun’srayswouldcanceloutthewarmingeffectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial,becauseeventhemostsevereemissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswithadoublingofcarbondioxidebytheendofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacenturymore.练习:

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，theauthorthinksthatCdespitethedifficulty,scientistshavesomeoptionstopreventglobalwarming.2.Scientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon’twantpeopletoCthinktheproblemhasbeensolved.3.WhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaheroinaddictandmethadone?

AMethadoneisaneffectivewaytotreatahardheroinaddict.4.WhatisStephenSchneider’sideaofpreventingglobalwarming?

CToapplysunscreentotheEarth.5.WhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof“sunscreen”,accordingtothelastparagraph?

DItdecreasesgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.

第十八篇ThirstforOil

Worldwideeveryday,wedevourtheenergyequivalentofabout200millionbarrelsofoil.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.InfactenoughenergyfromtheSunhitstheplanet’ssurfaceeachminutetocoverourneedsforanentireyear,wejustneedtofindanefficientwaytouseit.Sofartheenergyinoilhasbeencheaperandeasiertogetat.Butassuppliesdwindle,thiswillchange,andwewillneedtocureouraddictiontooil.

Burningwoodsatisfiedmostenergyneedsuntilthesteam-drivenindustrialrevolution,whenenergy-densecoalbecamethefuelofchoice.Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoveronequarterofourenergyneeds,butitsusehasbeendecliningsincewestartedpumpingupoil.Coalistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel,butcouldmakeacomeback,assuppliesarestillplentiful:

itsreservesarefivetimeslargerthanoil’s.

Todaypetroleum,amineraloilobtainedfrombelowthesurfaceoftheEarthandusedtoproducepetrol,dieseloilandvariousotherchemicalsubstances,providesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.TheUSconsumesnquarterofalloil,andgeneratesasimilarproportionofgreenhousegasemissions.

ThemajorityofoilcomesfromtheMiddleEast,whichhashalfofknownreserves.ButothersignificantsourcesincludeRussia,NorthAmerica,Norway,VenezuelaandtheNorthSea.Alaska’sArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge1couldbeamajornewUSsource,toreducerelianceonforeignimports.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years,thoughopinionsandestimatesvary.Wecouldfastreachanenergycrisisinthenextfewdecades,whendemandexceedssupply.Asconventionalreservesbecomemoredifficulttoaccess,otherssuchasoilshalesandtarsandsmaybeusedinstead.Petrolcouldalsobeobtainedfromcoal.Sincewestartedusingfossilfuels,wehavereleased400billiontonnes2ofcarbon,andburningtheentirereservescouldeventuallyraiseworldtemperaturesby130C.Amongotherhorrors,thiswouldresultinthedestructionofallrainforestsandthemeltingofallArcticice.练习:

1.“…wewillneedtocureouraddictiontooil.”Whydoestheauthorsayso?

DOilsupplyisdecreasing.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbytheauthor,accordingtothesecondparagraph?

CCoalisthemostenvironmentallyunfriendlyfuelnexttooil.3.Whichcountryisthebiggestconsumerofpetroleum?

ATheUnitedStates.4.Whatdoexpertssayabouttheearth’sfuelreserves?

BTherewillsoonbeanenergycrisis.5.WhatisNOTtheresultofconsumingfossilfuelsaccordingtothelastparagraph?

DThesealevelwillgoup.

第十九篇MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience

Shimi,amusicalcompaniondevelopedbyGeorgiaTech’sCenterforMusicTechnology,recommendssongs,dancestothebeatandkeepsthemusicpumpingbasedonlistenerfeedback.Thesmartphone-enabled,one-foot-tallrobotisbilledasaninteractive“musicalfriend”./“Shimiisdesignedtochangethewaythatpeopleenjoyandthinkabouttheirmusic，”saidProfessorGilWeinberg,therobot’screator.HewillunveiltherobotattheJune27thGoogleI/OconferenceinSanFrancisco.AbandofthreeShimirobotswillperformforguests,dancinginsyncwithmusiccreatedinthelabandcomposedaccordingtoitsmovements./Shimiisessentiallyadockingstationwitha“brain”poweredbyanAndroidphone.Oncedocked,therobotgainsthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser’smobiledevice.Inotherwords,ifthere’san“app”forthat,Shimiisready.Forinstance,byusingthephone’scameraandface-detectingsoftware，Shimicanfollowalisteneraroundtheroomandpositionits“ears”，orspeakers,foroptimalsound.Anotherrecognitionfeatureisbasedonrhythmandtempo.Iftheusertapsabeat,Shimianalyzesit,scansthephone’smusicallibraryandimmediatelyplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthesuggestion.Oncethemusicstarts，Shimidancestotherhythm.

“Manypeoplethinkthatrobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,saidMusicTechnologyPh.D.candidateMasonBretan.“Shimishowsusthatrobotscanbecreativeandinteractive.’’FutureappsintheworkswillallowtheusertoshaketheirheadindisagreementorwaveahandintheairtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsongorincrease/decreasethevolume.Therobotwillalsohavethecapabilitytorecommendnewmusicbasedontheuser’ssongchoicesandprovidefeedbackonthemusicplaylist./Weinberghopesotherdeveloperswillbeinspiredtocreatemoreappst