四级真题选词填空和阅读理解.docx

四级真题选词填空和阅读理解.docx

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四级真题选词填空和阅读理解

14-12-1

SectionA

Fordecades,AmericanshavetakenforgrantedtheUnitedStates’leadershippositioninthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.Theinnovations（创新）thatresultedfromresearchanddevelopmentduringWorldWarIIandafterwardswere（36）_____totheprosperityofthenationinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.Thoseinnovations,uponwhichvirtuallyallaspectsof（37）_____societynowdepend,werepossiblebecausetheUnitedStatesthen（38）_____theworldinmathematicsandscienceeducation.Today,however,despiteincreasingdemandforworkerswithstrongskillsinmathematicsandscience,the（39）_____ofdegreesawardedinscience,math,andengineeringaredecreasing.

ThedeclineindegreeproductioninwhatarecalledtheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,engineering,andmath.）seemstobe（40）_____relatedtothecomparativelyweakperformancebyU.S.schoolchildrenoninternationalassessmentsofmathandscience.Manystudentsenteringcollegehaveweakskillsinmathematics.Accordingtothe2005reportoftheBusinessHigherEducationForum,22percentofcollegefreshmenmusttakeremedial（补习的）math（41）_____,andlessthanhalfofthestudentswhoplantomajorinscienceorengineering（42）_____completeamajorinthosefields.

TheresulthasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofAmericancollegegraduateswhohavetheskills,（43）_____inmathematics,topoweraworkforcethatcankeepthecountryattheforefront（前言）ofinnovationandmaintainitsstandardofliving.Withthe（44）_____performanceofAmericanstudentsinmathandsciencehascomeincreasedcompetitionfromstudentsfromothercountriesthathavestronglysupportededucationintheseareas.Manymorestudentsearn（45）_____intheSTEMdisciplinesindevelopingcountriesthanintheUnitedStates.

A.acceleratingE.coursesI.especiallyM.procedures

B.actuallyF.criticalJ.futureN.proportions

C.closelyG.decliningK.ledO.sphetes

D.contemporaryH.degreesL.met

SectionC

PassageOne

TheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph.Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connectedmobiledevicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternet’stremendousimpacthasonlyjustbegun.

“MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal,”SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbook TheNewDigitalAge.

PerhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.TheauthorsdoanexcellentjobofexaminingtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,andinstitutionslikethenewsmedia.Butifthebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it’sthatauthorsdon’tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinessesinthesesweepingchanges.

Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethatdescribes—andmoreimportantlypredicts—howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andonevirtual.

Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat“technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen’t.”Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvs.pessimistdichotomy（对立观点）thathascharacterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbadforsociety.Inaninterviewwith TIME earlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheandhisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they’realsorealisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeoplecomeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance（监视）.

56.InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph?

A.Ittransformshumanhistory.

B.Itmakesdailycommunicationeasy.

C.Itisadoptedbyallhumanbeings.

D.Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.

57.HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph?

ATheyareimmeasurable.

BTheyareworldwide.

CTheyareunpredictable.

DTheyarecontaminating.

58.InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?

A.ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.

B.ItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.

C.ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusinesses.

D.ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.

59.Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?

A.Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.

B.Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.

C.Peopledon’thavetotraveltoseetheworld.

D.Peopledon’thavetocommunicatefacetoface.

60.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?

A.TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.

B.TheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.

C.Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.

D.Theydon’ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.

PassageTwo

In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepajobintheautoindustry.Andinthatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthlymortgage（抵押贷款）paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhistake-homepay.Todayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhismonthlyearnings.

Othermembersoftheautoworker’sfamily,however,mightbelessinclined（倾向于......的）totradethepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesseconomicsecuritybackthen.Throughoutmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10percentin2010.

Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracreditcardinherownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.

Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaverage,theyearned40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts（职位相当的人）,whileraciallyrestrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking-classfamilies.

Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemaylongforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuingtherelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.

Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnewchallenges.Accordingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethattheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingwaystoimprovethelivesoftheremaining20percentseemsmorerealisticthantryingtorestoreanimaginarygoldenage.

61.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?

A.Theyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydotoday.

B.Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahouse.

C.Theirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.

D.Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.

62.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutretiredpeopletoday?

ATheyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.

BTheydonotdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.

CTheyfeelmoresecureeconomicallythaninthepast.

DTheyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirchildren.

63.Whycouldn’tblackworkersbuyahouseinawhitesuburbanneighborhood?

A.Theylackedthemeansoftransportation.

B.Theyweresubjectedtoracialinequality.

C.Theywereafraidtobreakthelaw.

D.Theyweretoopoortoaffordit.

64.Whatistheresultofno-faultdivorce?

ADivorceiseasiertoobtain.

BDomesticviolenceislessened.

CItcauseslittlepaintoeitherside.

DItcontributestosocialunrest. 

65.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsocietydo?

A.Getpreparedtofaceanynewchallenges.

B.Trytobetterthecurrentsocialsecuritynet.

C.Narrowthegapbetweenblacksandwhites.

D.Improvethelivesoffamilieswithproblems.

14-12-2

SectionA

AsanAlaskanfisherman,TimothyJune,54,usedtothinkthathewassafefromindustrialpollutants（污染物）athishomeinHaines—atownwithapopulationof2,400peopleand4,000eagles,with8millionacresofprotectedwildlandnearby.Butinearly2007,Juneagreedtotakepartina__36__of35Americansfromsevenstates.Itwasabiomonitoringproject,inwhichpeople'sbloodandurine（尿）weretestedfor__37__ofchemicals—inthiscase,threepotentiallydangerousclassesofcompoundsfoundincommonhousehold__38__likefacecream,tincans,andshowercurtains.Theresults—__39__inNovemberinareportcalled"IsItinUs?

"byanenvironmentalgroup—wereratherworrying.Everyoneoftheparticipants,__40__fromanIllinoisstatesenatortoaMassachusettsminister,testedpositiveforallthreeclassesofpollutants.Andwhilethe__41__presenceofthesechemicalsdoesnot__42__indicateahealthrisk,thefactthattypicalAmericanscarrythesechemicalsatall__43__Juneandhisfellowparticipants.

Clea