初三下学期知识点.docx
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初三下学期知识点
初三（下学期）英语知识点归纳
第一大类：
英语语法归纳
1、现在完成时
附注：
动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1）规则变化
情况例词读音与说明
动词原形过去式过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-edlook
call
open
need
looked
called
opened
needed
looked
called
opened
needed
①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.
以-e结尾的动词加-dmove
phone
hope
agree
moved
phoned
hoped
agreed
moved
phoned
hoped
agreed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，
再加-ed
study
carry
try
studied
carried
tried
以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed
play
enjoy
stay
played
enjoyed
stayed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed
stop
plan
fit
stopped
planned
fitted
以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-ed
prefer
refer
preferred
referred
2）不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
例：
cut（切）
hit（打）
cast（扔）
hurt（伤害）
put（放）
let（让）
shut（关）
cost（花费）
set（放）
rid（清除）
2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。
例：
find（找到）
pay（支付）
leave（离开）
lend（借出）
meet（遇见）
keep（保持）
lose（丢失）
teach（教）
sit（坐）
lead（引导）
win（赢）除）
found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3．动词原形与过去分词同形
例：
原形过去式过去分词
come（来）
run（跑）
become（成为）
came
ran
became
come
run
become
4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
例：
原形过去式过去分词
give（给）
fly（飞）
drink（喝）
see（看见）
go（去）
know（知道）
wear（穿）
speak（说）
gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke
given
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例：
原形过去式过去分词
burn（燃烧）
burnedburnt
burnedburnt
learn（学习）
learnedlearnt
learnedlearnt
smell（闻）
smelledsmelt
smelledsmelt
spell（拼写）
spelledspelt
spelledspelt
shine（照射）
shinedshone
shinedshone
leap（跳）
leapedleapt
leapedleapt
提示
a.beat的过去式与原形同形：
比：
beat（打击）beat（过去式）beaten（过去分词）
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：
lielied,lied（说谎）
lay,lain（躺，位于）
c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同
比：
hanghanged,hanged（处绞刑）
hung,hung（挂，吊）
d.welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词
比：
welcomewelcomed,welcomed（正）
welcome,welcome（误）
e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比：
hit（打）hit,hit（正）
hitted,hitted（误）
2、被动语态（见附页）
初中被动语态40道经典练习题
1）Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.
A）designed B）hasbeendesigned C）willbedesigned D）willhavebeendesigned
2）Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.
A）willalreadyhavestarted B）wouldalreadyhavestarted
C）shallhavealreadystarted D）hasalreadybeenstarted
3）Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.
A）istaken B）takes C）willbetaken D）hastaken
4）Diamond____inBrazilin1971.
A）isfound B）hasbeenfound C）wasfound D）hadbeenfound
5）“Haveyoumovedsintosthenewflat?
”“Notyet.Theroom____.”
A）hasbeenpainted B）ispainted C）paints D）isbeingpainted
6）Mypictures____untilnextFriday.
A）won'tdevelop B）aren'tdeveloped C）don'tdevelop D）won'tbedeveloped
7）Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.
A）hadbeenunemployed B）wasunemployed C）hasbeenunemployedD）hasunemployed
8）Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.
A）hasbeenestablishB）havebeenestablishedC）haveestablished D）hadbeenestablished
9）I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.
A）wouldbefined B）willbefined C）willbeingfined D）willhavebeenfined
10）“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?
”
A）Theyhavebeengiven B）Ihavebeengiven C）Iamgiven D）Theyhavegiventome
11）Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.
A）isannounced B）havebeenannounced C）areannounced D）hasbeenannounced
12）Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.
A）was B）had C）hadbeen D）is
13）Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.
A）werejustunloadingB）werejustbeenunloadingC）hadjustunloadedD）werejustbeingunloaded
14）Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.
A）overcomes B）isovercome C）hasbeenovercome D）overcome
15）Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.
A）wasnot B）werenot C）werenotbeing D）hadnotbeen
16）Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.
A）Ismell B）itissmelt C）itsmells D）itissmelling
17）Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.
A）hadbeenwon B）iswon C）willbewon D）hasbeenwon
18）Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe____now.
A）is B）was C）hadbeen D）hasbeen
19）Theyoungteacherhas____competent.
A）beenprovedtobe B）provedtobe C）beenproved D）provedbeing
20）Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.
A）discovered B）wasdiscovered C）bydiscovery D）whendiscovered
21）Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.
A）ourseatshadtobechanged B）ourseatswerechanged
C）wehadtochangeourseats D）ourseatswerechangedbyus
22）Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.
A）created B）hascreated C）hasbeencreated D）hadbeencreated
23）Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.
A）mustbepaidto B）oughttobepaidto C）mustpayto D）shouldbepaidto
24）Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.
A）havetaken B）havebeentaken C）havebeentaking D）havebeentaking
25）Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.
A）shavingsbeengiven B）tohavebeengiven C）shavingsgiven D）tohavegiven
26）Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.
A）know B）beknown C）beingknown D）tobeknown
27）Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.
A）mustbecompletedB）musthavebeencompletedC）willbecompletingD）willhavebeencompleting
28）TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.
A）wasbrought B）couldhavebeenbrought C）hadbeenbrought D）wastobebrought
29）Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.
A）isbelongedto B）belonged C）belongs D）isbelonging
30）Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.
A）istobeopened B）isonthepointofopening C）isgoingtoopen D）opens
31）Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.
A）hasnotexplained B）hasnotbeenexplained C）didnotexplained D）werenotexplained
32）Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.
A）wereconducting B）wereconducted C）hadbeenconducted D）hadconducted
33）Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.
A）tailed B）beentailed C）wastailed D）hadbeentailed
34）Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.
A）isinterviewing B）beinginterviewed C）isbeinginterviewed D）interviewing
35）Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.
A）building B）build C）built D）tobuild
36）Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.
A）mustkeepto B）mustbekept C）mustkeep D）mustbekeptup
37）Thecomposition____anymore.
A）neednottobecorrected B）doesn'tneedtobecorrected
C）doesn'tneedbecorrected D）neednotcorrect
38）Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterday
A）toberobbed B）tohavekeenrobbed C）robbed D）shavingsbeenrobbed
39）Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthere.
A）willhavesold B）willsell C）havesold D）willhavebeensold
40）Hecleanedtheglassescarefullyforfearthatit____.
A）wasdamaged B）shouldbedamaged C）damagedD）wouldbedamaged
被动语态部分练习题答案：
1）C2）A3）A4）C5）D6）D7）C8）B9）B10）B11）D12）C13）D14）B15）B16）C17）A18）A19）B20）B21）C22）D23）A24）C25）A26）C27）A28）C29）C30）A31）B32）C33）A34）C35）A36）B37）B38）B39）D40）B
2、定语从句（见附页）
1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,________fromeasttowest.Those________runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.
A.running;that B.run;who
C.running;who D.run;that
2.Thisisthecase________he’shadallhismoneystolen.
A.when B.where
C.that D.onwhich
3.Mr.SmithwillpayavisittoBeijingthisautumn,________wewillenjoytheOlympicGamesin2008.
A.where B.when
C.which D.how
4.Theartistwillnotpaintpeopleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything________.
A.thatthelittlegirlaskshim B.thelittlegirlaskshimto
C.forthelittlegirltoaskhim D.whatthelittlegirlaskshim
5.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?
—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephone
numberisprovided.
A.which B.inwhich
C.ofwhich D.whose
6.October15thismybirthday,________Iwillneverforget.
A.when B.that
C.what D.which
7.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
A.when B.where
C.which D.whose
8.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChina________acertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.
A.which B.where
C.when D.what
9.Ihop
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