初三下学期知识点.docx

1、初三下学期知识点初三（下学期）英语知识点归纳第一大类：英语语法归纳1、 现在完成时附注：动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化情况 例词 读音与说明动词原形 过去式 过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed lookcallopenneedlookedcalledopenedneededlookedcalledopenedneeded-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t，在浊辅音后发音为d，在元音后发音也为d-ed在t、d后发音为id但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-d movephonehopeagreemovedph

2、onedhopedagreedmovedphonedhopedagreed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edstudycarrytrystudiedcarriedtried以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-edplayenjoystayplayedenjoyedstayed末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopplanfitstoppedplannedfitted以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-edpreferreferpreferredreferred2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1动词原形、过

3、去式和过去分词完全同形。例：cut（切）hit（打）cast（扔）hurt（伤害）put（放）let（让）shut（关）cost（花费）set（放）rid（清除）2过去式与过去分词完全同形。例：find（找到）pay（支付）leave（离开）lend（借出）meet（遇见）keep（保持）lose（丢失）teach（教）sit（坐）lead（引导）win（赢）除）foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon3动词原形与过去分词同形例：原形 过去式 过去分词come（来）run（跑）become（成为）cameranbecamecomerunbecome

4、4动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例：原形 过去式 过去分词give（给）fly（飞）drink（喝）see（看见）go（去）know（知道）wear（穿）speak（说)gaveflewdranksawwentknewworespokegivenflowndrunkseengoneknownwornspoken5过去式和过去分词有两种形式例：原形 过去式 过去分词burn（燃烧）burned burntburned burntlearn（学习）learned learntlearned learntsmell（闻)smelled smeltsmelled smeltspell （拼写

5、）spelled speltspelled speltshine （照射）shined shoneshined shoneleap （跳）leaped leaptleaped leapt提示a. beat的过去式与原形同形：比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：lie lied, lied（说谎）lay, lain（躺，位于）c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）hung, hung(挂，吊)d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规

6、则动词比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）welcome, welcome（误）e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比：hit（打） hit, hit（正）hitted, hitted（误）2、被动语态（见附页）初中被动语态40道经典练习题1)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A) designedB) has been designed C) will be designedD) will have been designed2)We are late. I expect the film _by th

7、e time we get to the cinema.A) will already have started B) would already have startedC) shall have already started D) has already been started3) She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.A) is taken B) takesC) will be takenD) has taken4) Diamond _inBrazilin 1971.A) is foundB) has been found C)

8、 was found D) had been found5)“Have you movedsintosthe new flat?”“Not yet. The room_.”A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted6) My pictures _until next Friday.A) wont develop B) arent developed C) dont develop D) won t be developed7) Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago

9、.A) had been unemployedB) was unemployedC) has been unemployed D) has unemployed8) A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established9) Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we l

10、eave it here.A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined10)“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”A) They have been given B) I have been givenC) I am givenD) They have given to me11) The subject of these le

11、ctures _by the lecture committee.A) is announced B) have been announced C) are announced D) has been announced12) I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room.A) wasB) hadC) had been D) is13)The goods _when we arrived at the airport.A) were just unloadingB) were just been unloading

12、 C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded14) If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.A) was not B) w

13、ere notC) were not being D) had not been16) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling17) After the race_, the celebration began.A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won18) He was here for a little while, but

14、I dont knowswhereshe _now.A) is B) was C) had been D) has been19) The young teacher has _ competent.A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been provedD) proved being20) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930.A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D

15、) when discovered21) To get a better view of the stage, _.A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changedC) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us22) After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been crea

16、ted23) I think much attention _your pronunciation.A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid to C) must pay to D) should be paid to24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.A) have taken B) have been taken C) have been taking D) have been taking25)

17、 I dont remember _the chance to try this method.A)shavingsbeen given B) to have been given C)shavingsgiven D) to have given26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known27) The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.A

18、) must be completed B) must have been completed C) will be completing D) will have been completing28) They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port.A) was brought B) could have been brought C) had been brought D) was to be brought29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _

19、to Peter.A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging30) Negotiation _again withMoscowtomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening C) is going to open D) opens31) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A) has not explained

20、B) has not been explained C) did not explained D) were not explained32) Experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both theUnited StatesandEuropewell before 1900.A) were conducting B)were conducted C) had been conducted D) had conducted33) When he turned the corner, he found himself _by a

21、man in black.A) tailed B) been tailed C) was tailed D) had been tailed34) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination _at this moment.A) is interviewing B) being interviewed C) is being interviewed D) interviewing35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house.A)

22、building B) build C) built D) to build36) As we know, all the regulations in school _.A) must keep to B) must be kept C) must keep D) must be kept up37) The composition _any more.A) need not to be corrected B) doesnt need to be correctedC) doesnt need be corrected D) need not correct38) The bank is

23、reported in the local newspaper _in broad daylight yesterdayA) to be robbed B) to have keen robbed C) robbed D)shavings been robbed39) Hurry up, or the tickets _out by the time we get there.A) will have sold B) will sell C) have sold D) will have been sold40) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fea

24、r that it _.A) was damaged B) should be damagedC) damaged D) would be damaged被动语态部分练习题答案：1)C 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)D 6)D 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)B11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)C 17)A 18)A 19)B20)B 21)C 22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B2、 定语从句（见附页）1. Nearly all

25、 the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those _ run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; whoC. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. whereC. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autu

26、mn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A. where B. whenC. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him5. How did you ge

27、t in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephonenumber is provided.A. which B. in whichC. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. thatC. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. whereC. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. whereC. when D. what9. I hop