中考英语名词性从句语法专题复习含答案.docx
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中考英语名词性从句语法专题复习含答案
2019年中考英语名词性从句语法专题复习
(名师精选讲必考语法知识点,值得下载练习)
名词性从句包括:
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连词有:
A.连词:
that,whether,if(这三个词都不作从句的成分,同时,that无含义,而whether和if都表“是否”)
B.疑问代词:
who,whom,whose,what,which
C.疑问副词:
when,where,why,how
(一)主语从句
在复合句中充当主语的从句。
1.that引导主语从句
that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词,既无词义也不作成分,只起单纯的连接作用,且通常不可以省。
为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时,that不可省。
①Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious.
②Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.
③Thathewillcomeiscertain.
④Thathewouldtaketheriskistrue.
⑤Thatheshouldhavemarriedherisn'tsurprising.
★通常,that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语,把从句置于句尾,此时that有时可省。
例如:
①Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.
②Itmadeusveryhappythatshewaschosen.
③Itiscertainthathewillcome.
④Itistruethathewouldtaketherisk.
⑤Itisn'tsurprising(that)heshouldhavemarriedher.
★如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句,就只能用先行词it结构。
例如:
①Isitcertainthathewillcome?
②Isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?
▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构:
(1)It+be+形容词+that-从句
①Itislikelythathewillcome.
②Itisstrangethatshehasevertrustedhim.
③Itisimportantthathe(should)attendthemeeting.
④Itisbestthathe(should)go.
此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时,that从句中的谓语动词也常用(should)+v原形。
(2)It+be+名词+that-从句
Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.
It'sapitythatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.
(3)It+be+-ed分词+that从句
Itissaidthatheisafamouswriter.
Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon.
▲在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/demanded+that从句结构中,that从句中的谓语动词应用(should)do。
Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beheldthisafternoon.
Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.
(4)It+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句。
Itseemsthatheiswrong.
Itappearsthattheyareinurgentneedofhelp.
2.whether引导主语从句,意为“是否”,只起连接作用,不充当任何成分。
(置于句首时必须用whether引导,置于句尾时,间或可用if。
)
Whetherhewillwinthegameisnotclear.
Whetherhewillcomeisuncertain.
Whethershecomesornotdoesn'tconcernme.
Itisnotclearwhether/ifhewillcome.
Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.
3.连词代词what,who,which,whose等引导的主语从句。
这些连接代词作用相当于代词,在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Whatweneedismoretime.
Whowasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.
Whosebookitisisnotimportant.
Whichschoolyouwanttogotomattersmuch.
4.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的主语从句。
这些连接副词相当于副词,在从句中充当状语。
Whyhedidthisisnotknown.
Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.
Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.
Howhesucceededisunknowntous.
Whereweshouldholdthemeetingneedstobediscussed.
注意:
wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。
5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句,表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在(到)哪里”等。
Whoevertoldyoutogiveupsmokingwasquiteright.
Whateverhegaveyoushouldbehandedin.
Whoevertoldyouthatwaslying.
Whoevercomesiswelcome.
(二)表语从句
在复合句中充当表语。
1.that在引导表语从句时无含义,不作成分,通常不省。
1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。
Thefactisthatheislying.
Theoddsarethathewillnotdoit.
2)表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。
Ourbeliefisthatthingswillimprove.
Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.
2.whether引导表语从句(不可用if)
HisfirstquestionwaswhetherHolmeshadarrivedyet.
Thequestioniswhetherpeoplewillbuyit.
3.连接代词引导的表语从句。
ThisiswhatIwant.
Thequestioniswhocanbechosentobemanagerofthecompany.
Myquestioniswhichofthemisbetter.
4.连接副词引导的表语从句。
Theproblemseemedhowwecouldmakehimunderstandit.
Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo.
5.because,asif,asthough引导的表语从句(常用虚拟语气)
Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.
Helooksasifhewereangry.
Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.
6.表语从句中需要注意的问题
1)主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,不用because,构成句型“Thereason(why...)isthat......”。
Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate.
2)表语从句中的虚拟语气
如果主句的主语是advice,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,order,command,
request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即无论主语是单数或复数,谓语一律用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。
TheproposaloftheUNisthatapeace-keepingforce(should)besenttothearea.
3)常用句型:
AistoBwhatCistoDA对于B就像C对于D一样。
Enginesaretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimals.
发动机对于机器犹如心脏对于动物一样。
(三)宾语从句
在复合句中充当宾语。
1.that引导宾语从句时无含义,不充当成分,常省略。
★that不引导介词的宾语从句,至于exceptthat,inthat,butthat等是复合从属连词。
Iknow(that)youhavemethim.
Let'ssupposethatonedaythishappenstoyou.
在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语(指人)。
例如:
Itoldhim(that)hewaswrong.
在少数动词如:
think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess,fancy等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上,这叫否定前置/否定转移。
如:
Idon'tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.
Idon'tthinkyouareright.
Idon'tbelievehehasfinishedhiswork.
注意:
否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。
主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时,或主句动词与情态动词连用,就不能否定转移。
此时若主句动词为否定,应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。
Ihadthoughtthathewouldnotcome.
当宾语从句中有no,never,hardly,notatall,notabit,not...enough,can’thelpdoing等时不能否定转移。
IthinkIcan'thelplaughingifIseeit.
Ibelievehenevertellsalie.
2.whether,if引导宾语从句:
表示“是否”可互换,口语中常用if。
Heaskedifshewouldcome.
注意:
下列情况下whether不可用if换:
1)引导主语从句置于句首时。
2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟ornot时。
Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.
3)whether从句作介词宾语时。
Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.
Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.
4)whether后接不定式时。
Idon'tknowwhethertoattendthemeeting.
5)动词discuss的宾语从句时。
Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldbuythebuilding.
3.连接代词what,who,whose等引导的宾语从句。
Tellmewhatyouwant.
Doyouknowwhowillcomeatthemeeting?
注意:
who,whom按照传统语法,从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom,但在口语中常用who,如:
Doyouknowwhom/(who)hewillinvite?
①whose,which,what三个词都带有形容词性质。
whose表示所有,意为“谁的”;which意为“哪一个”,what意为“什么”。
如:
Whosebookitisisnotimportant.
Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogoto.
Hedidn'tknowwhattimeitwas.
②一般说来,which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围;而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。
如:
whichfood,说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种“food”;whatfood则指许多“food”,而且说话人心中没有数。
Idon'tknowwhich/whatfoodyouwant.
如果范围较大或者没有什么范围,最好用“whatfood”
4.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
Idon'tknowwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.
PleasetellmewhereIcanfindTom.
Heexplainedtomewhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?
5.可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等引导宾语从句。
Pleasewritedownwhateverheissaying.
Idon'tknowwhoeverwillcome.
I'lldowhateveryouaskmeto.
6.表示爱憎情感的动词,如:
enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate(感激)等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如:
counton,dependon,relyon,seeto,feellike等后,即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it,再接宾语从句。
Ilikeitwhenshesmilesatme.
Iloveitwhenyousing.
IhateitifIamspokentoloudlyinpublic.
7.宾语从句中应注意的问题
宾语从句的语序
表疑问的宾语从句需要用陈述语序
Theycouldn’tunderstandwhyIrefused.
宾语从句引导词that的省略
由that引导的宾语从句在一般情况下that可以省略,但在下列情况中that常不省略。
一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句,第一个that可省略,第二个和后面几个从句的that不可省略。
ThentheteacherbegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongusandneverforgetit.
宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语
Palmertoldmethathewouldwin.
有it作形式宾语
Weallconsideritimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.
我们都认为孩子在长身体时喝很多牛奶是重要的。
宾语从句的时态
主句谓语动词如果是一般现在时,从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
Iknowyoudon’tknowwhatIthinkatall.我知道你根本不知道我想的是什么。
Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathewouldcomethen.我知道他没告诉你他那时要来。
主句谓语动词如果是一般过去时态,从句谓语动词一般要用过去的某种时态。
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhichcountryhewasin.
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
宾语从句的语气
一、二、四、四法:
一个“坚持(insist)”,两个“命令(order,command)”,四个“建议(suggest,propose,recommend,advise)”,是个“要求(demand,require,request,desire)”等后接含虚拟语气的宾语从句。
Isuggestyou(should)haveenoughsleep.
Teachersrecommendedparents(should)notallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.
动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.
(四)同位语从句
在复合句中充当同位语。
1.that引导同位语从句。
在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句answer,belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,
information,knowledge,law,news,opinion,plan,suggestion,thought,truth等。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.
ThestorygoesthatWilliamkilledhiswife.
Healwaysworkshardinspiteofthefactthatheisnotingoodhealth.
Suddenlythethoughtcametomethathewouldgoblind.
注意:
①同位语从句引导词that无含义,不充当成分,不可省略。
②同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容,故可以用is把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子。
③同位语从句前一般没有逗号。
that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别:
that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用,不充当任何成分;that引导定语从句时,在从句中要作成分,如主语、宾语等。
①Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwon.(that引导同位语从句)
②Thenewsthat/whichhetoldmewasveryexciting.
(that引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语)
2.在noidea,question,problem等后可用wh-疑问词引导同位语从句,if不引导同位语从句。
Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.
Ihavenoideawhathesaid.
3.辨析:
引导名词性从句时what与whatever,who与whoever的区别:
what与whatever:
Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.
(what=thething(s)that/allthat/anythingthat特指)
Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.
(whatever=anythingthat泛指)
Whatcausedtheaccidentwasabrokenbottle.(特指)
Whatevercausedtheaccidenthasnotyetbeenfound.(泛指)
who与whoever:
WhowillgotoBeijingonbusinesshasnotbeendecided.
(who表疑问,表示“谁”,“哪一个”)。
Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(whoever=anyonewho表示“无论哪个人”)
4.同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为“建议,命令,要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,其中的should可以省略。
Thegovernmentgavetheorderthatallthesehouses(should)bepulleddowninthreeweeks.
Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewrule(should)beadopted.