中考英语名词性从句语法专题复习含答案.docx

1、中考英语名词性从句语法专题复习含答案 2019年中考英语名词性从句语法专题复习 (名师精选讲必考语法知识点，值得下载练习)名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：A.连词：that, whether, if（这三个词都不作从句的成分，同时，that无含义，而whether和if都表“是否”）B.疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, whichC.疑问副词：when, where, why, how（一）主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的从句。1.that引导主语从句 that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成分，只起单纯的

2、连接作用，且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时，that不可省。 That the driver could not control his car was obvious. That she was chosen made us very happy. That he will come is certain. That he would take the risk is true. That he should have married her isnt surprising.通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，此时that有时可省。例如：

3、 It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. It made us very happy that she was chosen. It is certain that he will come. It is true that he would take the risk . It isnt surprising (that) he should have married her.如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如：Is it certain that he will come?Is i

4、t true that he would take the risk?it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：(1)It + be + 形容词+ that-从句It is likely that he will come.It is strange that she has ever trusted him.It is important that he（should) attend the meeting.It is best that he (should) go. 此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用（should）+ v原形。(2)It + be +名词

5、+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish . Its a pity that he should have missed the train.(3) It + be + -ed分词 + that从句 It is said that he is a famous writer. It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.在It+be + suggested/advised/ordered /requested/insisted/demanded

6、+that从句结构中，that从句中的谓语动词应用（should）do。It is suggested that the meeting(should）be held this afternoon.It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.(4) It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句。It seems that he is wrong.It appears that they are in urgent need of help.2. whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。(

7、置于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。)Whether he will win the game is not clear.Whether he will come is uncertain.Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.It is not clear whether/if he will come.It was uncertain whether he would come.3.连词代词what, who, which, whose等引导的主语从句。 这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语

8、等。What we need is more time.Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.Whose book it is is not important.Which school you want to go to matters much.4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的主语从句。 这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。Why he did this is not known.When he will come is still unknown.It is not known why

9、 he did this.How he succeeded is unknown to us.Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.注意： wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.Whatever he gave you should be

10、 handed in.Whoever told you that was lying.Whoever comes is welcome.（二）表语从句 在复合句中充当表语。1. that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。The fact is that he is lying.The odds are that he will not do it.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。Our belief is that things will improve.The trouble is that we are short of money.2. w

11、hether引导表语从句（不可用if)His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet.The question is whether people will buy it.3.连接代词引导的表语从句。This is what I want.The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company.My question is which of them is better.4.连接副词引导的表语从句。The problem seemed how we could ma

12、ke him understand it.The question is where we should go.5. because,as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered with water.He looks as if he were angry.It looks as if its going to rain.6.表语从句中需要注意的问题 1）主语为名词reason

13、时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，不用because，构成句型“The reason（why.）is that .”。The reason why he came late was that he got up late .2）表语从句中的虚拟语气 如果主句的主语是advice,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,order,command ,request,requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即无论主语是单数或复数，谓语一律用“（should+） 动词原形”的形式。 The proposal of the UN is that a

14、peace-keeping force (should) be sent to the area.3）常用句型： A is to B what C is to D A 对于B 就像C对于D一样。 Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器犹如心脏对于动物一样。(三)宾语从句 在复合句中充当宾语。1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。 that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于except that, in that, but that等是复合从属连词。I know（that）you have met him.

15、Lets suppose that one day this happens to you.在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如： I told him（that）he was wrong.在少数动词如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine,guess,fancy等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上,这叫否定前置/否定转移。如：I dont think it will be very cold today.I dont think you are right.I dont believe he has finished his

16、 work.注意：否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。 I had thought that he would not come.当宾语从句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not.enough, cant help doing等时不能否定转移。 I think I cant help laughing if I see it. I believe he never t

17、ells a lie.2. whether, if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。 He asked if she would come.注意：下列情况下whether不可用if换：1)引导主语从句置于句首时。2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟or not时。I dont know whether or not he will come.3) whether从句作介词宾语时。They are talking about whether he will win the game.Everything depends on whether you agree with us

18、.4)whether后接不定式时。I dont know whether to attend the meeting.5)动词discuss的宾语从句时。 They discussed whether they should buy the building.3.连接代词what，who，whose等引导的宾语从句。Tell me what you want.Do you know who will come at the meeting?注意： who,whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom,但在口语中常用who,如： Do you know whom/（w

19、ho）he will invite?whose, which, what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪一个 ”，what意为“什么”。如：Whose book it is is not important.Please tell me which school you want to go to.He didnt know what time it was.一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如：which food，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种“food”；what foo

20、d则指许多“food ”，而且说话人心中没有数。I dont know which / what food you want. 如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，最好用“what food”4.连接副词when，where，why，how引导的宾语从句。I dont know when the meeting will be held.Please tell me where I can find Tom.He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.Can you tell me how I can get to the post o

21、ffice?5.可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导宾语从句。Please write down whatever he is saying.I dont know whoever will come.Ill do whatever you ask me to.6.表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：count on, depend on, rely on, see to, feel like 等后，即使没有宾补

22、也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。 I like it when she smiles at me. I love it when you sing.I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.7.宾语从句中应注意的问题宾语从句的语序表疑问的宾语从句需要用陈述语序They couldnt understand why I refused.宾语从句引导词that的省略 由that引导的宾语从句在一般情况下that可以省略，但在下列情况中that常不省略。一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，第二个和后面几个从句的that不

23、可省略。Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language,saying（that）it was the most beautiful tongue in the world , and that we must keep it among us and never forget it .宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语Palmer told me that he would win . 有it作形式宾语 We all consider it important that children should take plent

24、y of milk as they grow.我们都认为孩子在长身体时喝很多牛奶是重要的。 宾语从句的时态 主句谓语动词如果是一般现在时，从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。 I know you dont know what I think at all.我知道你根本不知道我想的是什么。 I know he didnt tell you that he would come then.我知道他没告诉你他那时要来。主句谓语动词如果是一般过去时态，从句谓语动词一般要用过去的某种时态。 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I di

25、dnt know which country he was in. He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.宾语从句的语气 一、二、四、四法：一个“坚持（insist）”，两个“命令（order,command）”,四个“建议（suggest，propose，recommend，advise）”，是个“要求（demand，require，request，desire）”等后接含虚拟语气的宾语从句。 I suggest you (should) have enough sleep. Teachers recommend

26、ed parents (should) not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.动词find，feel，think，consider，make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

27、(四)同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语。1. that引导同位语从句。 在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句answer, belief,doubt, fact, hope, idea,information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth等。 I had no idea that you were here. The story goes that William killed his wife. He always works hard in spite of the fact that h

28、e is not in good health. Suddenly the thought came to me that he would go blind.注意：同位语从句引导词that无含义，不充当成分，不可省略。 同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容,故可以用is把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子。同位语从句前一般没有逗号。that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别：that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时，在从句中要作成分，如主语、宾语等。 He told me the news that our team won. （that引导同位语从句）

29、 The news that / which he told me was very exciting.（that引导定语从句, 在从句中作宾语）2.在no idea, question, problem等后可用wh-疑问词引导同位语从句，if不引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea what he said.3.辨析:引导名词性从句时what与whatever, who与whoever的区别：what 与whatever：What you want has been sent here.( what = the thin

30、g(s) that/all that/anything that特指)Whatever you want makes no difference to me.(whatever = anything that泛指)What caused the accident was a broken bottle.（特指）Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.（泛指）who 与whoever ：Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.(who表疑问，表示“谁”，“哪一个

31、”)。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever = anyone who表示“无论哪个人”)4.同位语从句的语气 在suggestion，advice，request, order, demand , requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，其中的should可以省略。The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.