旅游英语课件 Tourism.docx

旅游英语课件 Tourism.docx

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旅游英语课件Tourism

Unit1WhatisTourism?

Whenwethinkoftourism;wethinkprimarilyofpeoplewhoarevisitingaparticularplaceforsightseeing,visitingfriendsandrelatives,takingavacation,andhavingagoodtime.Theymayspendtheirleisuretimeengaginginvarioussports,sunbathing,talking,singing,takingrides,touring,reading,orsimplyenjoyingtheenvironment.Ifweconsiderthesubjectfurther,wemayincludeinourdefinitionoftourismpeoplewhoareparticipatinginaconvention,abusinessconference,orsomeotherkindofbusinessorprofessionalactivity,aswellasthosewhoaretakingastudytourunderanexpertguideordoingsomekindofscientificresearchorstudy.

Thesevisitorsuseallformsoftransportation,fromhikinginawildernessparktoflyinginajettoanexcitingcity.TransportationcanincludetakingachairliftupaColoradomountainsideorstandingattherailofacruiseshiplookingacrosstheblueCaribbean.Whetherpeopletravelbyoneofthesemeansorbycar,motorcoach,camper,train,taxi,motorbike,orbicycle,theyaretakingatripandthusareengagingintourism.

Anyattempttodefinetourismandtodescribeitsscopefullymustconsiderthevariousgroupsthatparticipateinandareaffectedbythisindustry.Theirperspectivesarevitaltothedevelopmentofacomprehensivedefinition.Fourdifferentperspectivesoftourismcanbeidentified:

1.Thetourist.Thetouristseeksvariouspsychicandphysicalexperiencesandsatisfactions.Thenatureofthesewilllargelydeterminethedestinationschosenandtheactivitiesenjoyed.

2.Thebusinessesprovidingtouristgoodsandservices.Businesspeopleseetourismasanopportunitytomakeaprofitbysupplyingthegoodsandservicesthatthetouristmarketdemands.

3.Thegovernmentofthehostcommunityorarea.Politiciansviewtourismasawealthfactorintheeconomyoftheirjurisdictions.Theirperspectiveisrelatedtotheincomestheircitizenscanearnfromthisbusiness.Politiciansalsoconsidertheforeignexchangereceiptsfrominternationaltourismaswellasthetaxreceiptscollectedfromtouristexpenditures,eitherdirectlyorindirectly.

4.Thehostcommunity.Localpeopleusuallyseetourismasaculturalandemploymentfactor.Ofimportancetotheirgroup,forexample,istheeffectoftheinteractionbetweenlargenumbersofinternationalvisitorsandresidents.Thiseffectmabebeneficialofharmful,orboth.

Thus,tourismmaybedefinedasthesumofthephenomenaandrelationshipsarisingfromtheinteractionoftourists,businesssuppliers,hostgovernments,andhostcommunitiesintheprocessofattractingandhostingthesetouristsandothervisitors.

Tourismisacompositeofactivities,services,andindustriesthatdeliversatravelexperience:

transportation,accommodations,eatinganddrinkingestablishments,shops,entertainment,activityfacilities,andotherhospitalityservicesavailableforindividualsorgroupsthataretravelingawayfromhome.Itencompassesallprovidersofvisitorandvisitor-relatedservices.Tourismistheentireworldindustryoftravel,hotels,transportation,andallothercomponents,includingpromotion,thatservestheneedsandwantsoftravelers.Finally,tourismisthesumtotaloftouristexpenditureswithinthebordersofanationorapoliticalsubdivisionoratransportation-centeredeconomicareaofcontiguousstatesornations.Thiseconomicconceptalsoconsiderstheincomemultiplierofthesetouristexpenditures.

Onehasonlytoconsiderthemultidimensionalaspectsoftourismanditsinteractionswithotheractivitiestounderstandwhyitisdifficulttocomeupwithameaningfuldefinitionthatwillbeuniversallyaccepted.Eachofthemanydefinitionsthathavearisenisaimedatfittingaspecialsituationandsolvinganimmediateproblem,andthelackofuniformdefinitionshashamperedstudyoftourismasdiscipline.Developmentofafielddependson

（1）uniformdefinitions,

（2）description,（3）analysis,（4）predictions,and（5）control.

Moderntourismisadisciplinethathasonlyrecentlyattractedtheattentionofscholarsfrommanyfields.Themajorityofstudieshavebeenconductedforspecialpurposesandhaveusednarrowoperationaldefinitionstosuitparticularneedsofresearchersorgovernmentofficials;thesestudieshavegotencompassedasystemsapproach.Consequently,manydefinitionsof“tourism”and“thetourist”arebasedondistancetraveled,thelengthoftimespent,andthepurposeofthetrip.Thismakesitdifficulttogatherstatisticalinformationthatscholarscanusetodevelopadatabase,describethetourismphenomenon,anddoanalyes.Theproblemisnottrivial.Ithasbeentackledbyanumberofaugustbodiesovertheyears,includingtheLeagueofNations,theunitedNations,theWorldTourismOrganization（WTO）,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment（OECD）,theNationalTourismResourcesReviewCommission,andtheU.S.Senate’sNationalTourismPolicyStudy.

WorldTourismOrganization

TheinternationalConferenceofTravelandTourismStatisticsconvenedbytheWorldTourismOrganization（WTO）inOttawa,Canada,in1991reviewed,updated,andexpandedontheworkofearlierinternationalgroups.TheottawaConferencemadesomefundamentalrecommendationsofdefinitionsoftourism,travelersandtourists.TheUnitedNationsStatisticalCommissionadoptedWTO’recommendationsontourismstatisticsonMarch4,1993.

Tourism

WTOhastakentheconceptoftourismbeyondastereotypicalimageof“holiday-making.”Theofficiallyaccepteddefinitionis:

Tourismcomprisestheactivitiesofpersonstravelintoandstayinginplacesoutsidetheirusualenvironmentfornotmorethanoneconsecutiveyearforleisure,businessandotherpurposes.”Thetermusualenvi-ronmentisintendedtoexcludetripswithintheareaofusualresidenceandfrequentandregulartripsbetweenthedomicileandtheworkplaceandothercommunitytripsofaroutinecharacter.

1.Internationaltourism:

a.Inboundtourism:

visitstoacountrybynonresidents.

b.Outboundtourism:

visitsbyresidentsofacountrytoanothercountry.

2.Internaltourism:

visitsbyresidentsofacountrytotheirowncountry.

3.Domestictourism:

internaltourismplusinboundtourism（thetourismmarketofaccommodationfacilitiesandattractionswithinacountry）.

4.Nationaltourism:

Internaltourismplusoutboundtourism（theresidenttourismmarketfortravelagentsandairlines）.

TravelerTerminologyforInternationalTourism

Underlyingtheforegoingconceptualizationoftourismistheoverallconceptoftraveler,definedas“anypersononatripbetweentwoormorecountriesorbetweentwoormorelocalitieswithinhis/hercountryofusualresidence.”Alltypesoftravelersengagedintourismaredescribedasvisitors,atermthatconstitutesthebasicconceptoftheentiresystemoftourismstatistics.Visitorsarepersonswhotraveltoacountryotherthantheoneinwhichtheygenerallyresideforaperiodnotexceeding12months,whosemainpurposeisotherthantheexerciseofanactivityremuneratedfromwithintheplacevisited.Visitorsaresubdividedintotwocategories:

1.Same-dayvisitors:

visitorswhodonotspendthenightinacollectiveorprivateaccommodationinthecountryvisited:

forexample,acruiseshippassengerspendingfourhoursinaport.

2.Tourists:

Visitorswhostayinthecountryvisitedforatleastonenight:

forexample,avisitoronatwo-weekvacation.

Therearemanypurposesforavisit,notablypleasure,business,andotherpurposes,suchasfamilyreasons,health,andtransit.

Words

chairliftanapparatuswhichcarriespeopleupandsownsteepslopesinchairsthathangfromamovingwire升降椅；空中缆椅

camperamotorvehiclebigenoughtoliveinwhenonholiday,use.Havingcookingequipmentandbedsinthebackpart野营车

motorbikeamotorcycle摩托车

psychicofthemindasopposedtothebody精神上的

jurisdictiontherighttousethepowerofanofficialbody,esp.inordertomakedecisionsonquestionsoflaw管辖权；司法权，审判权

compositesomethingmadeupofdifferentpartsormaterials混合物，合成物

encompasstoincludeorbeconcernedwith（awiderangeofactivities,subjects,ideas）包含，包括；涉及

subdivisiontheactofdividingsomethingthathasalreadybeendivided,orthepartsthatresultfromdoingthis再分，细分

contiguous（to,with）touching,next（to）;havingasharedborde（正式）接触着的，接近的；接壤的

multidimensional多维的

hampertocausedifficultyinmovementoractivity阻碍，妨碍；牵制

trivialoflittleworthorimportance琐碎的，没有价值的

augustlitnobleandgrand威严的；高贵的

convenetocall（agroupofpeople,committee）tomeet召集（会议）；召集开会

stereotypicalasinanoverlysimplepictureoropinionofperson,group,orthing老套的，旧框框的

consecutivefollowinginregularunbrokenorder连续的，连贯的

domicileformalorlawaperson’shome;theplacewhereapersonlivesorisconsideredtoliveforofficialpurposes[法]户籍，正式居住地，信处

workplacetheroomrbuildinginwhichworkersperformtheirwork工作场所；工厂；车间

inboundAmEincoming;inwardbound进来的

outboundmowingswayfromthespeakerorthestartingpoint外出的，离开出发点

underlietobeahiddenmeaningorcauseof位于……之下；成为……基础

foregoing（theone）thathasbeenmentioned前面的（事物），刚提到的（事物）

conceptualizationsomethingthatformaconceptorconceptsof概念化

remuneratetoreward;pay（someone）forworkortrouble（正式）给……报酬；补偿

transitthegoingormovingofpeopleorgoodsfromoneplacetoanother通行；过境

AdditionalReading

TextAMassTourism

TheHistoricalSetting

TourismharksbacktotheconquestofAlexandertheGreat（356-323BC）andthesubsequentdevelopmentoftheHellenisticurbansystem.Itisarguedthattourismrequiresbothlargeclaustrophobiccitiesandthemeanstoescapefromthem,bothofwhichwerepresentinGreeceduringth