旅游英语课件 Tourism.docx

1、旅游英语课件 TourismUnit1 What is Tourism?When we think of tourism; we think primarily of people who are visiting a particular place for sightseeing, visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation, and having a good time. They may spend their leisure time engaging in various sports, sunbathing, talking

2、, singing, taking rides, touring, reading, or simply enjoying the environment. If we consider the subject further, we may include in our definition of tourism people who are participating in a convention, a business conference, or some other kind of business or professional activity, as well as thos

3、e who are taking a study tour under an expert guide or doing some kind of scientific research or study.These visitors use all forms of transportation, from hiking in a wilderness park to flying in a jet to an exciting city. Transportation can include taking a chairlift up a Colorado mountainside or

4、standing at the rail of a cruise ship looking across the blue Caribbean. Whether people travel by one of these means or by car, motorcoach, camper, train, taxi, motorbike, or bicycle, they are taking a trip and thus are engaging in tourism.Any attempt to define tourism and to describe its scope full

5、y must consider the various groups that participate in and are affected by this industry. Their perspectives are vital to the development of a comprehensive definition. Four different perspectives of tourism can be identified:1. The tourist. The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experiences

6、 and satisfactions. The nature of these will largely determine the destinations chosen and the activities enjoyed.2. The businesses providing tourist goods and services. Business people see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by supplying the goods and services that the tourist market demands

7、.3. The government of the host community or area. Politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in the economy of their jurisdictions. Their perspective is related to the incomes their citizens can earn from this business. Politicians also consider the foreign exchange receipts from international tour

8、ism as well as the tax receipts collected from tourist expenditures, either directly or indirectly.4. The host community. Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and employment factor. Of importance to their group, for example, is the effect of the interaction between large numbers of interna

9、tional visitors and residents. This effect ma be beneficial of harmful, or both.Thus, tourism may be defined as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments, and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting the

10、se tourists and other visitors.Tourism is a composite of activities, services, and industries that delivers a travel experience: transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, shops, entertainment, activity facilities, and other hospitality services available for individuals or

11、groups that are traveling away from home. It encompasses all providers of visitor and visitor-related services. Tourism is the entire world industry of travel, hotels, transportation, and all other components, including promotion, that serves the needs and wants of travelers. Finally, tourism is the

12、 sum total of tourist expenditures within the borders of a nation or a political subdivision or a transportation-centered economic area of contiguous states or nations. This economic concept also considers the income multiplier of these tourist expenditures.One has only to consider the multidimensio

13、nal aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted. Each of the many definitions that have arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem, and t

14、he lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline. Development of a field depends on (1) uniform definitions, (2) description, (3)analysis, (4) predictions, and (5) control.Modern tourism is a discipline that has only recently attracted the attention of scholars from many fi

15、elds. The majority of studies have been conducted for special purposes and have used narrow operational definitions to suit particular needs of researchers or government officials; these studies have got encompassed a systems approach. Consequently, many definitions of “tourism” and “the tourist” ar

16、e based on distance traveled, the length of time spent, and the purpose of the trip. This makes it difficult to gather statistical information that scholars can use to develop a database, describe the tourism phenomenon, and do analyes. The problem is not trivial. It has been tackled by a number of

17、august bodies over the years, including the League of Nations, the united Nations, the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),the National Tourism Resources Review Commission, and the U.S. Senates National Tourism Policy Study.World Tourism

18、 OrganizationThe international Conference of Travel and Tourism Statistics convened by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) in Ottawa, Canada, in 1991 reviewed, updated, and expanded on the work of earlier international groups. The ottawa Conference made some fundamental recommendations of definitio

19、ns of tourism, travelers and tourists. The United Nations Statistical Commission adopted WTO recommendations on tourism statistics on March 4, 1993.TourismWTO has taken the concept of tourism beyond a stereotypical image of “holiday-making.” The officially accepted definition is:Tourism comprises th

20、e activities of persons travelin to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.” The term usual envi-ronment is intended to exclude trips within the area of usual residence and frequent and regular trips betwe

21、en the domicile and the workplace and other community trips of a routine character.1. International tourism:a. Inbound tourism: visits to a country by nonresidents.b. Out bound tourism: visits by residents of a country to another country.2. Internal tourism: visits by residents of a country to their

22、 own country.3. Domestic tourism: internal tourism plus inbound tourism (the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country).4.National tourism: Internal tourism plus outbound tourism (the resident tourism market for travel agents and airlines).Traveler Terminology for I

23、nternational TourismUnderlying the foregoing conceptualization of tourism is the overall concept of traveler, defined as “any person on a trip between two or more countries or between twoor more localities within his/her country of usual residence.” All types of travelers engaged in tourism are desc

24、ribed as visitors, a term that constitutes the basicconcept of the entire system of tourism statistics. Visitors are persons who travel to a country other than the one in which they generally reside for a period not exceeding 12 months, whose main purpose is other than the exercise of an activity re

25、munerated from within the place visited. Visitors are subdivided into two categories:1. Same-day visitors: visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited: for example, a cruise ship passenger spending four hours in a port.2. Tourists: Visitors who

26、 stay in the country visited for at least one night: for example, a visitor on a two-week vacation.There are many purposes for a visit, notably pleasure, business, and other purposes, such as family reasons, health, and transit.Words chairlift an apparatus which carries people up and sown steep slop

27、es in chairs that hang from a moving wire 升降椅；空中缆椅camper a motor vehicle big enough to live in when on holiday, use. Having cooking equipment and beds in the back part 野营车motorbike a motorcycle 摩托车psychic of the mind as opposed to the body精神上的jurisdiction the right to use the power of an official bo

28、dy, esp. in order to make decisions on questions of law 管辖权；司法权，审判权composite something made up of different parts or materials 混合物，合成物encompass to include or be concerned with (a wide range of activities, subjects, ideas) 包含，包括；涉及subdivision the act of dividing something that has already been divide

29、d, or the parts that result from doing this 再分，细分contiguous (to, with) touching, next (to); having a shared borde（正式）接触着的，接近的；接壤的multidimensional 多维的hamper to cause difficulty in movement or activity 阻碍，妨碍；牵制trivial of little worth or importance 琐碎的，没有价值的august lit noble and grand 威严的；高贵的convene to

30、call (a group of people, committee) to meet 召集（会议）；召集开会stereotypical as in an overly simple picture or opinion of person, group, or thing老套的，旧框框的consecutive following in regular unbroken order 连续的，连贯的domicile formal or law a persons home; the place where a person lives or is considered to live for o

31、fficial purposes法户籍，正式居住地，信处workplace the room r building in which workers perform their work工作场所；工厂；车间inbound AmE incoming; inward bound 进来的outbound mowing sway from the speaker or the starting point 外出的，离开出发点underlie to be a hidden meaning or cause of 位于之下；成为基础foregoing (the one) that has been men

32、tioned 前面的（事物），刚提到的（事物） conceptualization something that form a concept or concepts of概念化remunerate to reward; pay (someone) for work or trouble（正式）给报酬；补偿transit the going or moving of people or goods from one place to another通行；过境Additional ReadingText A Mass TourismThe Historical SettingTourism harks back to the conquest of Alexander the Great (356-323BC) and the subsequent development of the Hellenistic urban system. It is argued that tourism requires both large claustrophobic cities and the means to escape from them, both of which were present in Greece during th