江南大学考博英语历年考题来源部分汇总及答案.docx

江南大学考博英语历年考题来源部分汇总及答案.docx

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江南大学考博英语历年考题来源部分汇总及答案

ReadingComprehension（35minutes）

Directions:

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

WhenKathieGifford’sfacewassplashedacrossthenewspapersin1996afterherlucrativelineofWalmartclothingwasexposedastheworkofunderpaidlaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinatown,theDepartmentofLaborandtheWhiteHouseteameduptocondemnsuchpractices.Withmuchfanfare,PresidentClinton’sadministrationlaunchedthe“NoSweat”campaign,whichpressuredretailersandmanufacturerstosubmittoperiodicindependentinspectionoftheirworkplaceconditions.;

ThiscampaignurgedmanufacturerstosigntheWorkplaceCodeofConduct,apromisetoselfregulatethathassincebeenadoptedbyahandfulofretailersandmanyofthenation’slargestmanufacturers,includingNikeandL.L.Bean.However,theDepartmentofDefense,whichhasa$1billiongarmentbusinessthatwouldmakeitthecountry’s14thlargestretailappareloutlet,hasnotsignedtheCodeofConduct.Inaddition,ithasnotagreedtodemandthatitscontractorssubmittoperiodicinspections.;

BecausetheDepartmentofDefensehasnotagreedtoadheretothecode,thejobofstoppingpublicsectorsweatshopsfallstotheDepartmentofLabor.Federalcontractorsthatpersistinviolatingwagelawsorsafetyandhealthcodescanlosetheirlucrativetaxpayerfinancedcontracts.ButSuzanneSeiden,adeputyadministratorattheDepartmentofLabor,saysthattoherknowledge,thedepartmenthasneverappliedthatruletogovernmentapparelmanufacturers.“Ijustassumethattheyareadheringtosafetyandhealthrequirements,”shesays.AccordingtorecordsobtainedbyMotherJones,throughaFreedomofInformationActrequest,theOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationhascitedLion32timesforsafetyandhealthviolationsinthepast12years.

21.Whatisthispassgagemainlyconcernedwith?

A）ThefunctionsoftheDepartmentofLaborinAmerica.

B）AseriousproblemthreateningAmericaneconomy.

C）ThesuccessfulattemptofregulatingsweatshopsinAmerica.

D）TheseriousnessoftheproblemofsweatshopsinAmerica.

22.Accordingtothepassage,KathieGifford____.

A）wasoneoftheunderpaidlaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinatown

B）wasoneofthewellpaidlaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinatown

C）mademuchmoneyfromcheaplaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinatown

D）wroteanewspaperarticleexposingthepracticeofemployingcheaplaborers

23.Theunderlinedphrase“tosubmitto”isclosestinmeaningto____.

A）toacceptunwillingly

B）torefusecoldly

C）towelcomewarmheartedly

D）toblamestrongly

24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheDepartmentofDefenseistrue?

A）Itwillbecomethecountry’s14thlargestretailapparelmanufacturer.

B）Ithasn’tactedaccordingtotheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.

C）IthasdemandeditscontractorstosigntheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.

D）IthasteamedupwiththeDepartmentofLabortolaunchacampaign.

25.WhatwasthepurposeofPresidentClinton’sadministrationlaunchingthe“NoSweat”campaign?

A）TourgemanufacturerstoobeytheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.

B）ToremindthemanufacturersoftheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.

C）TourgetheDepartmentofLabortotakeitsresponsibility.

D）TourgetheDepartmentofDefensetoinspectmanufacturers.

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Theterminvestmentportfolioconjuresupvisionsofthetrulyrich-theRockefellers,theWalMartWaltons,BillGates.Buttoday,everyone-fromthePhiladelphiafirefighter,hisparttimereceptionistwifeandtheirthreechildren,tothesingleLosAngeleslawyerstartingoutonhisown-needsaportfolio.;

Aportfolioissimplyacollectionoffinancialassets.Itmayincluderealestate,rarestampsandcoins,preciousmetalsandevenartworks.Butthoseareforpeoplewithexpertise.Whatmostofusneedtoknowaboutarestocks,bondsandcash（includingsuchcashequivalentsasmoneymarketfunds）.;

Howdoyoudecidewhatpartofyourportfolioshouldgotoeachofthebigthree?

Beginbyunderstandingthatstockspayhigherreturnsbutaremorerisky;bondsandcashpaylowerreturnsbutarelessrisky.;

ResearchbyIbbotsonAssociates,forexample,showsthatlargecompanystocks,onaverage,havereturned11.2percentannuallysince1926.Overthesameperiod,bycomparison,bondshavereturnedanannualaverageof5.3percentandcash,3.8percent.;

Butshorttermriskisanothermatter.In1974,aoneyear$1000investmentinthestockmarketwouldhavedeclinedto$735.;

Withbonds,therearetwokindsofrisk:

thattheborrowerwon’tpayyoubackandthatthemoneyyou’llgetwon’tbeworthverymuch.TheU.S.governmentstandsbehindtreasurybonds,sothecreditriskisalmostnil.Buttheinflationriskremains.Sayyoubuya$1000bondmaturingintenyears.Ifinflationaveragesaboutsevenpercentoverthattime,thenthe$1000youreceiveatmaturitycanonlybuy$500worthoftoday’sgoods.;

Withcash,theinflationriskislower,sinceoveralongperiodyoucankeeprollingoveryourCDseveryyear（ormoreoften）.Ifinflationrises,interestratesrisetocompensate.;

Asaresult,thesinglemostimortantruleinbuildingaportfolioisthis:

Ifyoudon’tneedthemoneyforalongtime,thenputitintostocks.Ifyouneeditsoon,putitintobondsandcash.

26.Thispassageisintendedtogiveadviceon____.

A）howtoavoidinflationrisks

B）whatkindsofbondstobuy

C）howtogetrichbyinvestinginstockmarket

D）howtobecomericherbyspreadingtherisk

27.TheauthormentionssuchmillionairesastheRockefellersandBillGatestoshowthat____.

A）theyareexamplesforusonourroadtowealth

B）aportfolioisessentialtofinancialsuccess

C）theyarereallyrichpeople

D）theystartedoutontheirown

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthorsupport?

A）Everybodycangetrichwithsomefinancialassets.

B）Thecreditriskfortreasurybondsisextremelyhigh.

C）It’snousetryingtoknowtheadvantagesofstocks,bondsandcash.

D）Everybodyshouldrealizetheimportanceofdistributionoftheirfinancialassets.

29.Theword“returns”inparagraphthreecanbebestreplacedby“____.”

A）returningjourneys

B）profits

C）savings

D）investments

30.Theauthorofthepassagepointsoutthat____.

A）keepingcashistheonlywaytoavoidrisks

B）thelongeryouownastock,themoreyoulost

C）thehighrateofprofitandhighrateofriskcoexistinstocks

D）thebestwaytoaccumulatewealthisbyinvestinginstocks

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits（stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status）andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.;

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamanyrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreducingtocomprehensiblyformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.;

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficiencytoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

31.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A）Developmentandapplicationofstatistics.

B）Originofdescriptivestatistics.

C）Limitationsofinferentialstatistics.

D）Importanceofstatistics.

32.Describingandtabulatingareassociatedwith____.

A）inferentialstatistics

B）descriptivestatistics

C）theoriesofprobability

D）inefficiencyofcounting

33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutdescriptivestatistics?

A）Itcombinesquantitativevariablesandqualitativevariables.

B）Itcanbeusedtodealwithonlyquantitativevariables.

C）Ithelpstosummarizepropertiesofagroupofdata.

D）Ithelpstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.

34.Theword“unwieldy”inthesecondparagraphisclo