15春《阅读IV》作业2.docx

15春《阅读IV》作业2.docx

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15春《阅读IV》作业2

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1.Themeetingwillbeginat9:

00accordingtothe____.

A.calendar

B.schedule

C.column

D.diagram

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2.AnyonemeetingMatthewDanielsforthefirsttimecouldeasilyassumethatheistheproductofaconventional,evenprivilegedchildhood.Withhiswell-spokenmanner,hisIvyLeagueeducation,andhisbusinesscardreading"President,MassachusettsFamilyInstitute,"Mr.DanielsisthepictureofyouthfulAmericansuccess.ButDanielscantellastorythatrefutesthoseassumptionsabouthischildhood.Hisfatherabandonedthefamilywhenhewas2.Hismothertookajobasasecretary.Butonherwayhomeoneeveningshewasmugged,sustaininginjuriesthateventuallyleftherunabletowork,thefamilywentonwelfare.GrowingupinNewYork'sSpanishHarliem,Danielswasoneofonlyfourwhitestudentsuntilninthgrade.Despiteadifficultenvironment,hestayedoutoftrouble.HeevenwonafullscholarshiptoDartmouthCollege,graduatingin1985.Howdidhedoit?

Hecreditshismother'sreligiousfaith."It'swhyIdidn'tendupliketheguysinmyneighborhood,"hesays."Somewenttoprison."Althoughhisfather,awriter,didn'tsupportthefamily,hemaintainedcontactwithhisson,emphasizingtheimportanceofbooksandeducation.Becauseofhisexperience,Danielshasbecomeapassionateadvocateofthetwo-parentfamily.Heseesitasaninstitutionunderculturalsiege,generallysupportedby"thepersoninthestreet"buttoooftendismissedbythoseinacademicandmediacircles.Someofthegroups,hesays,havemiscalculatedthesocialconsequencesof"tryingtoconvincepeoplethatthereareallsortsof"alternativefamilyforms.Evenduringlawschool,heencounteredprofessorswhowere"openlyhostiletotheideathatweneedtwo-parentfamiliestohaveahealthysociety."Reportersandacademicsmaynotbetheonlyonesambivalentaboutmarriage.Anewstudyofcollegetextbooksfindsthatmanytextsonmarriagepaintapessimisticview.Theyemphasizedivorceanddomesticviolence,thereportsays,andfocusfarmoreonadultrelationshipsandproblemsthanonchildren'sneeds.Question:

Thepassagediscusses______.

A.Daniels'slife

B.theneedfortwo-parentfamily

C.theimportanceofeducation

D.oneparentfamily

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3.____,thenewmedicineisnowinmassproduction.

A.Withthesolvedproblem

B.Withthisproblembeingsolved

C.Withtheproblemsolved

D.Withtheproblemtosolve

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4.Iwondered____tocometotheparty.

A.whetherheshouldhavebeenasked

B.whetherheshouldasked

C.whetherhewasasked

D.shouldhebeenasked

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5.Fortytosixtypercentofgeneticallymodifiedorganismsarefindingtheirwaytotheproducedepartments.Thatprocessinvolvestakingagenefromoneplantoranimalandputtingitinanother."Sonow,wemakethesechangesinthelaboratoryandputthesechangesbackintocornbythenewtechnology,"Dr.CurtisHannahsaid.NotallconsumersarepleasedthatresearchersaretinkeringwithfoodthatfindsitswaytoAmericandinnertables.Opponentssaythatsomeproduceislacedwithpesticidetomakethemdrugresistant.LabelingadvocateJodetteGreensaidthatfoodsthathavebeengeneticallyengineeredneedtobelabeled.AMassachusettswatchdoggroupsaidthatalocalsupermarketchainissellingapancakemixcontaininggeneticallyengineeredingredientsthataren'tlistedonthelabel.NewsCenter5'sRhondellaRichardsonreportsthatMassPIRGlauncheditsSafeFoodCampaignonThursday,callingforaccuratelabelingandbettertestingofgeneticallymodifiedfood.MassPIRGsaidthatpackagesofShaw'sPancakeMixcontainGMfood,buttheyaren'tlabeledassuch."There'snoinfoaboutthepotentiallydangerousDNAcontainedinthispancakemix,"JillRubinofMassPIRGsaidatanafternoonpressconferenceCerealandmanysoyandcornproductsaregeneticallymodified,buttheyoftendon'tsaysoonthelabel.Therearenotrulesorregulationsrequiringsuchinformationonnutritionlabels.MassPIRGbelievesthatchildhoodearandsinusinfectionscouldsoonbeincurableandthattheconsumptionofgeneticallyengineeredfoodcreatesmorefoodallergies.Shaw'spancakemixhasnotcausedanyknownhealthproblems,butmanyfeelthatbetterlabelingshouldn'tbetoohardforastoretoswallow."Iwanttoknowwhat'sineverythingIbuy,"shopperAlexanderGriecosaid."Ihavehighbloodpressureandhighcholesterol."MassPIRGtargetedShaw'sSupermarketsinitscampaignbecausetheShaw'sparentcompanyinLondonhasvoluntarilyremovedallgeneticallyengineeredingredientsfromitsstorebrandproducts.AlocalShaw'sspokespersonsaidthatinEngland,therewasalackofdirectionfromthegovernmentonwhattodowhenconsumersquestionedproductsafety.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasfoundnothingunsafesofar,andShaw'sawaitsdirectionfromtheFDAbeforeanyproductisrecalled.Question:

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Ithasbeenstrictlyregulatedthatgeneticallyengineeredfoodsshouldbelabeledassuch.

B.Shaw'spancakemixdidn'tprovideinformationaboutthepotentiallydangerousDNAcontained.

C.Shaw'spancakemixhasbeenprovensafeandneedn'tbelabeled.

D.therewasaspecificdirectionfromthegovernmentonwhattodowhenconsumersquestionedproductsafety.

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6.Wesubstitutefish____meatseveraltimesaweek.

A.for

B.with

C.to

D.and

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7.____inapeasantfamily,Jackalwayslikesfarmwork.

A.Broughtin

B.Broughtup

C.Broughtabout

D.Broughtout

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8.Itistimethegovernment____thelawintoeffect.

A.isputting

B.put

C.puts

D.willput

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9.Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,ineffect,playingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,discomfortordestruction.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearetoomanypossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefind,inpractice,thatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavoroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningabouttheworldaroundit,ortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgeneticlearning,todistinguishitfromindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecauseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawhole,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.However,geneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,behaviorisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.Question:

"Geneticlearning"refersto________.

A.learningafterananimalisborn

B.learningobtainedbysomemembersofeachgenerationwhohappentobehaveproperly

C.learninggainedbyallthemembersinaspecies

D.learninggainedbyyounganimalsfromtheirexperience

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10.Fromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,ineffect,playingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,discomfortordestruction.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearetoomanypossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefind,inpractice,thatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavoroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningabouttheworldaroundit,ortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgeneticlearning,todistinguishitfromindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecauseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawhole,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.However,geneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,behaviorisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.Question:

Mostanimalssurvivebecausetheycanmakerightdecisionsby________.

A.aseriesoftrialsanderrors

B.knowledgeobtainedintheirlifetime

C.thenervoussystem

D.geneticlearningandindividualexp