届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练学案15页word版.docx
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届二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练学案15页word版
2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyarerequiredto_process(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsaltare_removed(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfoodis(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineersmanaged(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.
6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalftermresting(rest).
7.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarahwas_told(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.
8.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantsto_prove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.
9.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Butatthemoment,schoolcomes(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.goes→went
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords,“Speedup!
”“Slowdown!
”“Turningleft!
”Turning→Turn
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.interesting→interested
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!
came→comes;_pick前加to
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.took→taken;_become→became
[锁定薄弱点]
1.考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分。
2.动词的时态和语态是考查谓语动词时的必考点,考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺,则容易误填答案。
3.非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征,考生容易出现理解失误而造成失分。
1.找句中“题眼”,确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
(1)若句中找不到谓语,则所给动词应该作谓语
一个句子无论是主句还是从句,必须要有谓语。
一般来讲,空格所在的句子中无其他动词,那么这个空就应填谓语动词。
谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。
[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseofachievement.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__63__(be)oftenacceptable.
分析:
分析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow”,故所给动词作谓语,谓语动词为第三人称单数形式,且根据语境可知时态为一般现在时。
故填is。
[典例2] (2016·四川高考)Thegiantpanda__61__(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.
分析:
分析句子结构可知,句子中没有谓语,故空格处应作谓语。
大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实,应用一般现在时;且panda与love之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。
故填isloved。
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词,而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时,则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词需确定是v.ing形式、v.ed形式还是不定式。
[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal__43__(create)specialdesigns.
分析:
本句中已经有谓语动词combine,且空处不作并列谓语,故应填非谓语动词。
此处为不定式作目的状语,故填tocreate。
[典例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__67__(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.
分析:
句中已有谓语动词include,且无其他连词,故空处应填非谓语动词。
include为及物动词,其后加名词或动名词作宾语,再结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知,此处应用动名词作宾语。
故填introducing。
(3)排除干扰,切忌“只见树木不见森林”
[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand__49__(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.
分析:
看到此题,考生可能会根据and认为应与前面的某个成分并列,是与believed并列、与wouldremind并列还是与killings并列?
分析句子结构可知,believed后接宾语从句,宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。
但此处描述的是过去的事实,应用一般过去时,又因主语是knives,故填were。
[典例2] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers__68__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.
分析:
本题存在一题多义、一词多性的特征,考生易误填wasconducted或wereconducted。
因为考生容易把names误作名词而认为空格处应填动词。
实际上,分析句子结构可知,空格所在句已有谓语动词names,且不与names作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。
study和conduct之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词作定语。
故填conducted。
6
[题组一]
示例
①Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,________(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.
②Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,and______(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.
分析
两句的差别是连词and。
分析句子结构可知,①中空格处为现在分词作伴随状语;②中空格处与volunteered并列作谓语。
故①填donating;②填donated。
[题组二]
示例
①________(call)metomorrowandI’llletyouknowthelabresult.
②________(call)metomorrow,I’llletyouknowthelabresult.
分析
两句的差别是连词and。
分析句子结构可知,①句为句式“祈使句+and+陈述句”;②句为分词短语作条件状语。
故①填Call;②填Calling。
[题组三]
示例
①Theguide________(lead)theway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.
②Theguide________(lead)theway,sowehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.
分析
两句的差别是连词so。
分析句子结构可知,①句为独立主格结构作原因状语;②句so连接两个并列句,空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词一致。
故①填leading;②填led。
[题组四]
示例
①Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather________(permit).
②Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,ifweather________(permit).
分析
两句的差别是连词if。
分析句子结构可知,①句为独立主格结构作条件状语;②句为if引导的条件状语从句。
故①填permitting;②填permits。
[题组五]
示例
①Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,andallhisattention________(fix)onit.
②Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,(with)allhisattention________(fix)onit.
③Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,______(fix)allhisattentiononit.
分析
三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。
分析句子结构可知,①句为and连接两个并列句,通过时态、语态的分析,应用一般过去时的被动语态;②句为独立主格结构(with复合结构);③句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
故①填wasfixed;②填fixed;③填fixing。
[题组六]
示例
①Hewentintotheroom,________(sit)atthetableandbegantoreadnewspapers.
②Theywalkedalongthestreamtogether,________(talk)andlaughing.
分析
两句看似结构一致,但仔细分析却是大相径庭。
①句为and连接三个并列谓语;②句为and连接两个伴随状语。
故①填sat;②填talking。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)Itisverydifficultforparentstodecidewhetherto_have(have)asecondchildornot.
2.Mostplayersare_traded(trade)toanotherteamatleastthreetimesintheircareers.
3.(2017·合肥市质检)Shesaystheshoesproduced(produce)bymachinearenotofthesamequalityashandmadeones.
4.(2017·临汾一中等五校联考)ThenIwenttobedandthought(think)aboutmydreams.
5.FinallyIrefusedtoattendclasses,shutting(shut)myselfinmyroomforhours.
6.(2017·沈阳市模拟)Everyoneistalkingaboutcultureshocknowadays,butyoumaywonderwhatitactuallymeans(mean).
7.(2017·南昌市模拟)Chinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren,giving(give)upitsdecadeslongonechildpolicy.
8.(2017·新余市模拟)Manypeoplehave_sought(seek)avarietyofsourcesfortheirhappiness.Somehaveputtheirheartandeffortintotheirwork.
9.(2017·日照市校际联合检测)Visiting(visit)thissectionwouldkeepyouupdatedaboutthefashion.
10.(2017·株洲市质检)Musicisasweetlanguagetoshowlovetothosewholoveusandthosewhoare_loved(love)byus.
11.(2017·沈阳二中模拟)Usually,studentshavefourclasseseveryday,eachclasslasting(last)for70minutes.
12.(2017·济南一中模拟)Manypeopletravelduringtheholidayseasonbutdonotmakesurethattheirhousesandhomesare_protected(protect).
13.Whatpeopleinemploymentwantfromajobvaries(vary)greatlyfrompersontoperson.
14.(2017·湖南省十三校联考)Scientistshavediscoveredthatstaying(stay)inthecoldcouldhelpusloseweight.
15.(2017·山师附中模拟)Innineteensixty,WilmaRudolphbecamethefirstAmericanwomanto_win(win)threegoldmedalsinoneOlympics.
16.(2017·邯郸市模拟)Eventodaythebooksprinted(print)atthetimearevaluableandtreasuredbylibrariesandbookcollectors.
17.(2017·邯郸市模拟)To_overcome(overcome)theseshortcomings,BiShenginventedthemovabletypeduringtheyearsbetween1041and1048.
18.(2017·湖北省部分重点中学联考)Smartphoneaddictionhas_spread(spread)likeaninfectiousdiseaseduringthepastfewyears.
19.(2017·石家庄市模拟)Ifthewateristoohot,nutrients(营养)intheteawill_be_destroyed(destroy).
20.(2017·深圳市模拟)Myteachersawmepanicstrickenandsmiledatme,gesturing(gesture)thatImustgo.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017·天水市诊断考试)Standinfrontoftheschoolgate,Iwonderedwhattodonext.Stand→Standing
2.(2017·唐山一中调研考试)Wecanalsoenjoymusic,watchingsportsandplaycomputergamesonthenet.watching→watch
3.(2017·沈阳二中测试)Thinkthatitsownermighthaveenginetrouble,myfriendstoppedandaskedifanythingwaswrong.Think→Thinking
4.Takingaccordingtotheinstructions,themedicinewillworkforyourheadache.Taking→Taken
5.(2017·成都外国语学校模拟)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.Have→Having
6.(2017·合肥市质检)Takinggoodcareofourselvesanddon’tletourparentsworryaboutus.Taking→Take
7.(2017·吉大附中模拟)Asforme,readagoodbookisjustliketalkingwithalearnedperson.read→reading
8.(2017·邯郸市模拟)Ontheotherhand,hisspokenEnglishissoexcellentthathehasnodifficultycommunicatewithyouinEmunicate→communicating
9.(2017·皖南八校联考)Thebusyfathersmiled,finishedeating,andsweepingthedeskcleanintothedustbinincludingMolly’sjunk.sweeping→swept
10.(2017·延安市模拟)Nowadayswithmodernlifegorapidly,manypeoplesufferfromdifferentkindsofdiseases,bothmentallyandphysically.go→going
1
准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
[典例1] (2017·大庆实验中学模拟)Developmentoften__69__(give)ustheexcusetodestroytheenvironment.
分析:
本句表示经常做的事情,应用一般现在时,故填gives。
[典例2] (2017·青岛市质检)WhenIalsodroveforward,aman__63__(stand)outsidethecarandtalkingtoeachdriverastheydrovepast.
分析:
表示过去的某个时候正在做某事,应用过去进行时,故填wasstanding。
2
在题干中,yesterday,tomorrow,always,inthepastfewyears,sofar等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。
[典例1] (2017·潍坊市模拟)LastFridayastorm__61__(sweep)throughtwovillagesintheNewTerritories,destroyingfourteenhomes.
分析:
句中有表示时间的标志性状语LastFriday,判定应用一般过去时,故填swept。
[典例2] (2017·长春市调研测试)Ifwearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswe__69__(memorize)sofar,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.
分析:
sofar表示“迄今为止”,与其匹配的时态是现在完成时,故填havememorized。
3
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。
我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。
[典例1] (2017·福州市质检)Duetothehardtrainingthey__66__(do)before,theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.
分析:
主句的时态为一般过去时,根据before可以判定空格处所填词表示“过去的过