届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练学案15页word版.docx

1、届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练 学案15页word版2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练.单句语法填空1(2017全国卷)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.2(2017全国卷)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it

2、is missing something.3(2017全国卷)Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.4(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.5(2017全国卷)Later, engin

3、eers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.6(2017全国卷)But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting (rest)7(2017全国卷)Sarah was_told (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million do

4、llars in the next year.8(2017全国卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.9(2017全国卷)But at the moment, school comes (come) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.单句改错1(2017全国卷)Before getting into the car, I

5、thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.goeswent2(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”TurningTurn3(2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is

6、 on the rooftop of their house.interestinginterested4(2017全国卷)When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！camecomes;_pick前加to5(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.t

7、ooktaken;_becomebecame锁定薄弱点1考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分。2动词的时态和语态是考查谓语动词时的必考点，考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺，则容易误填答案。3非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征，考生容易出现理解失误而造成失分。 1找句中“题眼”，确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词(1)若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。典例1(2016全国卷)Then, handle the most import

8、ant tasks first so youll feel a real sense of achievement.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _63_ (be) often acceptable.分析：分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境可知时态为一般现在时。故填is。典例2(2016四川高考)The giant panda _61_ (love) by peo

9、ple throughout the world.分析：分析句子结构可知，句子中没有谓语，故空格处应作谓语。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时；且panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需确定是v.ing形式、v.ed形式还是不定式。典例1(2016全国卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _43_ (create) special designs.分析

10、：本句中已经有谓语动词combine，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to create。典例2(2016全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include _67_ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.分析：句中已有谓语动词include，且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。include为及物动词，其后加名

11、词或动名词作宾语，再结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填introducing。(3)排除干扰，切忌“只见树木不见森林”典例1(2016全国卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _49_ (be) too violent for use at the table.分析：看到此题，考生可能会根据and认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed并列、与would remind并列还是与killings并列？分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句

12、，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。 典例2(2015全国卷)A study of travelers _68_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.分析：本题存在一题多义、一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conducted或were conducted。因为考生容易把names误作名词而认为空格处应填动词。实际上，分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动

13、词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。6 题组一示例He volunteered to help control traffic, _ (donate) an hour of his time every week. He volunteered to help control traffic, and _ (donate) an hour of his time every week.分析两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，中空格处为现在分词作伴随状语；中空格处与volunte

14、ered并列作谓语。故填donating；填donated。题组二示例_ (call) me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. _ (call) me tomorrow, Ill let you know the lab result.分析两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，句为句式“祈使句and陈述句”；句为分词短语作条件状语。故填Call；填Calling。题组三示例The guide _ (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. The guid

15、e _ (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.分析两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，句为独立主格结构作原因状语；句so连接两个并列句，空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词一致。故填leading；填led。题组四示例The party will be held in the garden, weather _ (permit)The party will be held in the garden, if weather _ (permit)分析两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，句为独立主格

16、结构作条件状语；句为if引导的条件状语从句。故填permitting；填permits。题组五示例Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention _ (fix) on it. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (with) all his attention _ (fix) on it. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, _ (fix) all his attention on it.分析三句

17、的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，句为and连接两个并列句，通过时态、语态的分析，应用一般过去时的被动语态；句为独立主格结构(with复合结构)；句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。故填was fixed；填fixed；填fixing。题组六示例He went into the room, _ (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers. They walked along the stream together, _ (talk) and laughing.分析两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。句为and连接三个并列谓语；句为and

18、连接两个伴随状语。故填sat；填talking。 .单句语法填空1(2017潍坊实验中学模拟)It is very difficult for parents to decide whether to_have (have) a second child or not.2Most players are_traded (trade) to another team at least three times in their careers.3(2017合肥市质检)She says the shoes produced (produce) by machine are not of the sa

19、me quality as handmade ones.4(2017临汾一中等五校联考)Then I went to bed and thought (think) about my dreams.5Finally I refused to attend classes, shutting (shut) myself in my room for hours.6(2017沈阳市模拟)Everyone is talking about culture shock nowadays, but you may wonder what it actually means (mean)7(2017南昌市

20、模拟)China will allow all couples to have two children, giving (give) up its decadeslong onechild policy.8(2017新余市模拟)Many people have_sought (seek) a variety of sources for their happiness.Some have put their heart and effort into their work.9(2017日照市校际联合检测)Visiting (visit) this section would keep you

21、 updated about the fashion.10(2017株洲市质检)Music is a sweet language to show love to those who love us and those who are_loved (love) by us.11(2017沈阳二中模拟)Usually, students have four classes every day, each class lasting (last) for 70 minutes.12(2017济南一中模拟)Many people travel during the holiday season bu

22、t do not make sure that their houses and homes are_protected (protect)13What people in employment want from a job varies (vary) greatly from person to person.14(2017湖南省十三校联考)Scientists have discovered that staying (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.15(2017山师附中模拟)In nineteen sixty, Wilma Ru

23、dolph became the first American woman to_win (win) three gold medals in one Olympics.16(2017邯郸市模拟)Even today the books printed (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.17(2017邯郸市模拟)To_overcome (overcome) these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type du

24、ring the years between 1041 and 1048.18(2017湖北省部分重点中学联考)Smartphone addiction has_spread (spread) like an infectious disease during the past few years.19(2017石家庄市模拟)If the water is too hot, nutrients(营养) in the tea will_be_destroyed (destroy)20(2017深圳市模拟)My teacher saw me panicstricken and smiled at

25、me, gesturing (gesture) that I must go.单句改错1(2017天水市诊断考试)Stand in front of the school gate, I wondered what to do next.StandStanding2(2017唐山一中调研考试)We can also enjoy music, watching sports and play computer games on the net.watchingwatch3(2017沈阳二中测试)Think that its owner might have engine trouble, my

26、friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong.ThinkThinking4Taking according to the instructions, the medicine will work for your headache.TakingTaken5(2017成都外国语学校模拟)Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.HaveHavi

27、ng6(2017合肥市质检)Taking good care of ourselves and dont let our parents worry about us.TakingTake7(2017吉大附中模拟)As for me, read a good book is just like talking with a learned person.readreading8(2017邯郸市模拟)On the other hand, his spoken English is so excellent that he has no difficulty communicate with yo

28、u in Emunicatecommunicating9(2017皖南八校联考)The busy father smiled, finished eating, and sweeping the desk clean into the dustbin including Mollys junk.sweepingswept10(2017延安市模拟)Nowadays with modern life go rapidly, many people suffer from different kinds of diseases, both mentally and physically.gogoin

29、g1准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。典例1(2017大庆实验中学模拟)Development often _69_ (give) us the excuse to destroy the environment.分析：本句表示经常做的事情，应用一般现在时，故填gives。典例2(2017青岛市质检)When I also drove forward, a man _63_ (stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as they drove past.分析：表示过去的某个时候正在做某事，应用过去进行时，故填was standing

30、。2在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。典例1(2017潍坊市模拟)Last Friday a storm _61_ (sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.分析：句中有表示时间的标志性状语Last Friday，判定应用一般过去时，故填swept。典例2(2017长春市调研测试)If we are satisfied

31、 with only a few rules we _69_ (memorize) so far, we are not really learning the language.分析：so far表示“迄今为止”，与其匹配的时态是现在完成时，故填have memorized。3当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。典例1(2017福州市质检)Due to the hard training they _66_ (do) before, their performances were very impressive.分析：主句的时态为一般过去时，根据before可以判定空格处所填词表示“过去的过