考研英语一.docx

考研英语一.docx

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考研英语一

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

（一）试题及参考答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea（an）4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.

Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.

TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea（n）20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.

1.[A]where

[B]when

[C]that

[D]why

2.[A]improves

[B]fades

[C]recovers

[D]collapses

3.[A]If

[B]Unless

[C]Once

[D]While

4.[A]uneven

[B]limited

[C]damaging

[D]obscure

5.[A]wellbeing

[B]environment

[C]relationship

[D]outlook

6.[A]turns

[B]finds

[C]points

[D]figures

7.A]roundabouts

[B]responses

[C]workouts

[D]associations

8.[A]genre

[B]functions

C]circumstances

[D]criterion

9.[A]channel

[B]condition

[C]sequence

[D]process

10.[A]persist

[B]believe

[C]excel

[D]feature

11.[A]Therefore

[B]Moreover

[C]Otherwise

[D]However

12.[A]accordingto

[B]regardlessof

[C]apartfrom

[D]insteadof

13.[A]back

[B]further

[C]aside

[D]around

14.[A]sharpness

[B]stability

[C]framework

[D]flexibility

15.[A]forces

[B]reminds

[C]hurries

[D]allows

16.[A]hold

[B]track

[C]order

[D]pace

17.[A]to

[B]with

[C]for

[D]on

18.A]irregularly

[B]habitually

[C]constantly

[D]unusually

19.[A]carry

[B]put

[C]build

[D]take

20.[A]risky

[B]effective

[C]idle

[D]familiar

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?

Really?

Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting:

youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto___________.

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.

[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.

22.Thephrase“tosignon”（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans

[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.

[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel

[A]uneasy.

[B]enraged.

[C]insulted.

[D]guilty.

25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.

[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

Text2

Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.

26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto

[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.

[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.

27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?

[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.

[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.

[D]Receivingtrainingbypro