考研英语一.docx

1、考研英语一2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及参考答案Section Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not wha

2、t they used to be. We suddenly cant remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as senior moments. 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 i

3、mpact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve

4、 our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence ca

5、n expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first brain training program designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. Th

6、e program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing-much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your musc

7、le use.1.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhy2.AimprovesBfadesCrecoversDcollapses3.AIfBUnlessCOnceDWhile4.AunevenBlimitedCdamagingDobscure5.AwellbeingBenvironmentCrelationshipDoutlook6.AturnsBfindsCpointsDfigures7.AroundaboutsBresponsesCworkoutsDassociations8.AgenreBfunctionsCcircumstancesDcriterion9.AchannelBcondi

8、tionCsequenceDprocess10.ApersistBbelieveCexcelDfeature11.AThereforeBMoreoverCOtherwiseDHowever12.Aaccording toBregardless ofCapart fromDinstead of13.AbackBfurtherCasideDaround14.AsharpnessBstabilityCframeworkDflexibility15.AforcesBremindsChurriesDallows16.AholdBtrackCorderDpace17.A toBwithCforDon18.

9、AirregularlyBhabituallyCconstantlyDunusually19.AcarryBputCbuildDtake20.AriskyBeffectiveCidleDfamiliarSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1 In

10、order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit

11、-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “Were doing

12、these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too

13、 little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is h

14、urting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; yo

15、u support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what

16、they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency- permanent dependency if you can get it-supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever- tougher reforms of the job search and benefit adminis

17、tration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase jobseekers allowance-invented in 1996- is about redefining the unemployed as a “

18、jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in th

19、e EU.21. George Osbornes scheme was intended to _.Aprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.Bencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase “to sign on” (Line 3,Para.2

20、) most probably meansAto check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.Bto accept the governments restrictions on the allowance.Cto register for an allowance from the government.Dto attend a governmental job-training program.23. What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?A A desire to s

21、ecure a better life for all.B An eagerness to protect the unemployed.C An urge to be generous to the claimants.D A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feelAuneasy.Benraged.Cinsulted.Dguilty.25. To which of the following would the author m

22、ost probably agree?AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.BOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needs.DUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility th

23、an the members of any other profession-with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers

24、 made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive c

25、osts of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100,000 of

26、 debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to imp

27、lement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who d

28、o not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation sl

29、ow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms woul

30、d reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow

31、.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due toAthe growing demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.Dthe attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.BAdmissions approval from the bar association.CPursuing a bachelors degree in another major.DReceiving training by pro