The Taiwan Issuefinal.docx

The Taiwan Issuefinal.docx

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TheTaiwanIssuefinal

THETAIWANISSUE

CHAPTERI:

INTRODUCTION

ThemodernhistoryofChinawasarecordofsubjectiontoaggression,dismembermentandhumiliationbyforeignpowers. ItwasalsoachronicleoftheChinesepeople'svaliantstrugglesfornationalindependenceandindefenseoftheirstatesovereignty,territorialintegrityandnationaldignity.TheoriginandevolutionoftheTaiwanissuearecloselylinkedwiththatperiodofhistoryandsoon. ForvariousreasonsTaiwanisstillseparatedfromthemainland.Unlessanduntilthisstateofaffairsisbroughttoanend,thetraumaontheChinesenationwillnotbehealedandtheChinesepeople'sstrugglefornationalreunificationandterritorialintegritywillcontinue.

Asweknown,itisthesacredrightofeachandeverysovereignStateandafundamentalprincipleofinternationallawtosafeguardnationalunityandterritorialintegrity.NoonecanunderstandtheseparatestateasChina.WhatisthepresentstateoftheTaiwanissue?

 Whatisthecruxoftheproblem?

WhatarethepolicypositionandviewsoftheChineseGovernmentregardingthesettlementofthisissue?

Inordertofacilitateabettersolution,itisnecessarytomakeastudyasfollowings.

CHAPTERII

THEHISTORYOFTAIWANANDTHEORIGINOFTAIWANISSUE

TaiwanHistory-anInalienablePartofChina

LyingoffthesoutheasterncoastoftheChinamainland,TaiwanisChina'slargestislandandformsanintegralwholewiththemainland.ItwasknownasYiZhouorLyukyuinantiquitiesasonepartofChinasinceancienttimes.ManyhistoricalrecordsandannalsdocumentedthedevelopmentofTaiwanbytheChinesepeopleinearlierperiods.Referencestothiseffectweretobefound,amongothers,inSeaboardGeographicGazetteercompiledmorethan1,700yearsagobyShenYingoftheStateofWuduringtheperiodoftheThreeKingdoms.Thiswastheworld'searliestwrittenaccountofTaiwan.Severalexpeditions,eachnumberingovertenthousandmen,had

beensenttoTaiwanbytheStateofWuandtheSuiDynasty.

Sinceearlyseventeenthcentury,theChinesepeoplebegantostepupthedevelopmentinTaiwan.By1893,thepopulationexceeded2.54millionpeoplein507,000ormorehouseholds.Thatwasa25-foldincreasein200years.TheybroughtinamoreadvancedmodeofproductionandsettledthewholelengthandbreadthofTaiwan.Thedevelopmentoftheislandasawholegreatlyaccelerated.ThiswasthehistoricalfactofhowTaiwan,liketheotherpartsofChina,cametobeopenedupandsettledbytheChinesepeopleofvariousnationalities.

FromtheverybeginningtheTaiwansocietyderivedfromthesourceoftheChineseculturaltradition.ThisbasicfacthadnotchangedevenduringthehalfcenturyofJapaneseoccupation.ThehistoryofTaiwan'sdevelopmentisimbuedwiththeblood,sweat,andingenuityoftheChinesepeopleincludingthelocalethnicminorities.

ChinesegovernmentsofdifferentperiodssetupadministrativebodiestoexercisejurisdictionoverTaiwan.Asearlyasinthemid-12thcenturytheSongDynastysetupagarrisoninPenghuputtingtheterritoryunderthejurisdictionofJinjiangCountyofFujian'sQuanzhouPrefecture.TheYuanDynastyinstalledanagencyofpatrolandinspectioninPenghutoadministertheterritory.Duringthemid-andlate16thcenturytheMingDynastyreinstatedtheonceabolishedagencyandsentreinforcementstoPenghuinordertowardoffforeigninvaders.In1662,GeneralZhengChenggonginstitutedChengtianPrefectureonTaiwan.Subsequently,theQinggovernmentexpandedtheadministrativestructureinTaiwan,therebystrengtheningitsruleovertheterritory.In1684,aTaiwan-XiamenPatrolCommandandaTaiwanPrefectureAdministrationweresetupunderthejurisdictionofFujianProvince.Theseinturnexercisedjurisdictionoverthreecountiesontheisland:

Taiwan,FengshanandZhuluo.In1714,theQinggovernmentorderedthemappingofTaiwantodetermineitssize.In1721,anofficeofimperialsupervisorforinspectingTaiwanwascreatedandtheTaiwan-XiamenPatrolCommandwasrenamedPrefectureAdministrationofTaiwanandXiamen,incorporatingthesubsequently-createdZhanghuaCountyandDanshuiCanton.In1727,theadministrationontheislandwasreconstitutedasthePrefectureAdministrationofTaiwanandincorporatedthenewPenghuCanton.TheterritorythenbecameofficiallyknownasTaiwan.TheQinggovernmentcreatedTaibeiPrefecture,JilongCantonandthreecountiesofDanshui,XinzhuandYilanin1875inordertoupgradetheadministrationofTaiwan.In1885,thegovernmentformallymadeTaiwanafullprovincecoveringthreeprefecturesandonesub-prefectureandincorporating11countiesand5cantons.LiuMingchuanwasappointedfirstGovernorofTaiwan.Duringhistenureofoffice,railwayswerelaid,minesopened,telegraphserviceinstalled,merchantshipsbuilt,industriesstartedandnew-styleschoolssetup.Considerablesocial,economicandculturaladvancementinTaiwanwasachievedasaresult.

AftertheChinesepeople'svictoryinthewaragainstJapaneseaggressionin1945,theChinesegovernmentreinstateditsadministrativeauthorityinTaiwanProvince.

Sincethelate15thcenturyWesterncolonialistsstartedtograbandconquercoloniesinabigway. In1624,DutchcolonialistsinvadedandoccupiedthesouthernpartofTaiwan.TwoyearslaterSpanishcolonialistsseizedthenorthernpartofTaiwan.In1642,theDutchevictedtheSpaniardsandtookovernorthTaiwan. TheChinesepeopleonbothsidesoftheStraitswagedvariousformsofstruggleincludingarmedinsurrectionsagainsttheinvasionandoccupationofTaiwanbyforeigncolonialists. In1661,GeneralZhengChenggongledanexpeditiontoTaiwanandexpelledtheDutchcolonialistsfromtheislandinthefollowingyear.

JapanlaunchedawarofaggressionagainstChinain1894.Intheensuingyear,asaresultofdefeattheQinggovernmentwasforcedtosigntheTreatyofShimonoseki,cedingTaiwantoJapan.Thiswantonbetrayalandhumiliationshockedthewholenationandtouchedoffastormofprotests.Athousandormorecandidatesfromall18provincesincludingTaiwanwhohadassembledinBeijingfortheImperialExaminationsignedastrongly-wordedpetitionopposingthecedingofTaiwan.InTaiwanitself,peoplewailedandbemoanedthebetrayalandwentongeneralstrikes.Tosupportthisstruggle,peopleonthemainland,particularlyinthesoutheasternregion,showedtheirsolidaritybygenerousdonationsororganizingvolunteerstoTaiwantofighttheJapaneseforces.TaiwancompatriotsneverceasedtheirdauntlessstrugglethroughouttheJapaneseoccupationwiththesupportfromtheirmainlandcompatriots.The1920sand1930switnessedsurgingwavesofmassactionsweepingacrosstheislandagainstJapanesecolonialrule.

In1937theChinesepeoplethrewthemselvesintoanall-outwarofresistanceagainstJapaneseaggression.InitsdeclarationofwaragainstJapan,theChineseGovernmentproclaimedthatalltreaties,conventions,agreements,andcontractsregardingrelationsbetweenChinaandJapan,includingtheTreatyofShimonoseki,hadbeenabrogated.ThedeclarationstressedthatChinawouldrecoverTaiwan,Penghuandthefournortheasternprovinces.AftereightyearsofgruelingwaragainstJapaneseaggression,theChinesepeoplewonfinalvictoryandrecoveredthelostterritoryofTaiwanin1945.

TheinternationalcommunityhasacknowledgedthefactthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.TheCairoDeclarationissuedbyChina,theUnitedStatesandGreatBritainon1December1943statedthisfact.ThePotsdamProclamationsignedbyChina,theUnitedStatesandGreatBritainon26July1945（subsequentlyadheredtobytheSovietUnion）reiterated:

"ThetermsoftheCairoDeclarationshallbecarriedout."On15Augustofthesameyear,Japandeclaredsurrender.TheinstrumentofJapan'ssurrenderstipulatedtoacceptthedeclarationunconditionally.On25OctobertheceremonyforacceptingJapan'ssurrenderinTaiwanProvinceoftheChinawartheateroftheAlliedpowerswasheldinTaibei.OntheoccasionthechiefofficerforacceptingthesurrenderproclaimedonbehalfoftheChinesegovernmentthatfromthatdayforwardTaiwanandthePenghuArchipelagohadagainbeenincorporatedformallyintotheterritoryofChinaandthattheterritory,people,andadministrationhadnowbeenplacedunderthesovereigntyofChina. Fromthatpointintimeforward,TaiwanandPenghuhadbeenputbackunderthejurisdictionofChinesesovereignty.

TheOriginOfTheTaiwanIssue

a.ThereasonfordivisionalongtheTaiwanstrait.

TaiwanwasreturnedtoChinaattheendoftheSecondWorldWar. Itbecameanissueonlyasanaftermathoftheensuinganti-popularcivilwarstartedbyKMT（Kuomintang）,andmoreespecially,duetotheinterventionbyforeignforces.

（1）TaiwanissuecamefromtheresultofChinesecivilwar.

DuringthewarofresistanceagainstJapaneseaggression,theChineseCommunistPartyandotherpatrioticgroupspressedKuomintangintoanationalunitedfrontwiththeCommunistPartytofightJapaneseimperialistaggression.Aftervictoryofthewar,theKuomintangcliquetoreupthe10October1945agreementbetweenthetwoPartiesandlaunchedanall-outanti-popularcivilwarrelyingonU.S.support.After3yearspeople'sliberationwarledbytheCommunistParty,thegovernmentofthe"RepublicofChina"inNanjingwasfinallyoverthrownbytheChinesepeople.ThePeople'sRepublicofChinawasproclaimedon1October1949.AgroupofmilitaryandpoliticalofficialsoftheKuomintangcliquetookrefugeinTaiwanand,withthesupportofthethenU.S.administration,createdthedivisionbetweenthetwosidesoftheStraits.

（2）Taiwanstraitsbecamethen