定语从句的整合与拆分.docx
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定语从句的整合与拆分
Grammar:
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)
定义:
定语从句(AttributiveClauses):
由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词可分为关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when, where,why)关系词都充当从句的某个成分,它所替代的相应成分应省去。
在定语从句中,当who,which, that作主语时,谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
关系词常有3个作用:
①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密,没有它,主句的意思也清楚,因此用逗号隔开。
关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。
一.关系代词以及基本用法
关系代词
指代对象
作用
例句
That
人.物
主.(宾).表语
Thestudentthatansweredthequestion wasJohn.
Thebook (that) youlent mewasinteresting.
Which
物
主.(宾)
Footballisagame whichislikedbymostboys.
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
Who
人
主.(宾)
Adoctorisaperson wholooksafterpeople'shealth.
Theman(who)you met justnowismyfriend.
Whom
人
(宾)
Theman(whom)youmetjust now is myfriend.
Mr.Lingisjustthe boy(whom)Iwantto see.
Whose
人.物
定
Hehas afriendwhosefatheris adoctor.
Pleasepassmethe book whose(of which) coverisgreen.
注意一:
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
模仿范例,把下列两个简单句合成带有定语从句的复合句。
1.Theboys arefromClassOne.Theboys areplayingfootball.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句合并为一句。
Theboys(the boysare playingfootball)arefromClassOne.
(2)括号中句子里的主语theboys,和先行词是同一个词,应该用关系词替换从句中重复的theboys.Theboys在从句中作主语,关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who,that
Theboys(who\that are playingfootball) arefromClassOne.
(3)who\that==theboys,在定语从句中做主语的成分,并连接先行词和定语从句。
2.I foundtheletter. The lettercameyesterday.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句合并为一句。
I found Theletter(the letter cameyesterday).
(2)用关系词替换从句中重复的the letter,关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which,that
Ifound Theletter(which\thatcameyesterday).
(3)which\that==theletter,在定语从句中做主语的成分,并连接先行词和定语从句。
3.Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句合并为一句。
Theman(youmet themanjust now)is myfriend.
(2)用关系词替换从句中重复的the man,关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom,that
Theman(whom\that youmet justnow)ismyfriend.
(3)whom\that==theman,在定语从句中做宾语的成分,并连接先行词和定语从句。
做宾语的关系词whom\that可以省略Theman(youmet justnow)is myfriend.
4.Ihelpedtheman.The man’scar wasbroken.
(1)第一句为主句,第二句为从句,将两个单句合并为一句。
Ihelped theman (theman’scarwasbroken).
(2)the man’s是名词所有格,起到定语的作用修饰 car,用关系词替换从句中重复的the man,关系词中能作定语,表示“谁的”是whose
Ihelped the man(whosecarwas broken).
(3)whose=theman’s,在定语从句中做定语,并连接先行词和定语从句。
Whose不但可以表示“谁的”,还可以指物,表示“什么的”。
例如:
Ioncelivedinahouse.The roofofthehousehasfallenin./Thehouse’sroofhasfallenin.
Ioncelivedinahouse (theroofofthehousehasfallenin)/Ioncelivedinahouse (thehouse’sroofhasfallenin.)
此句可改为:
Ionce livedinahouse(theroofof whichhasfallenin)/(whoseroofhasfallen in).
介词+关系代词可提前,此句还可改为Ioncelivedina house(ofwhichtheroofhasfallen in)
5.This newsiscoming fromthecountry.The country isontheothersideoftheworld.
→This newsiscomingfromthecountry which/thatisontheotherside ofthe world.
6.Theminerals were unusual.Wefound themintherocks.
→Theminerals which/thatwefound intherockswereunusual.
7. Thisrocketis beingbuiltfor thesatellite.Thesatellitewillbesentintospacenextyear.
→Thisrocketisbeingbuiltforthesatellitewhich/thatwillbesentintospace nextyear.
8. Thehouseisour home.Itsdoorisgreen/thedoorof thehouseisgreen.ﻫ→Thehousewhose door is greenisourhome./The housethedoorof whichisgreenisourhome./The houseofwhichthedoorisgreenisourhome.
9.Isee sometrees.Theleavesofthese treesare white.
→I seesome treeswhose leaves arewhite. /Isee sometreestheleavesof whicharewhite./Iseesometrees ofwhich the leaves arewhite.
练习
1.Theboycametoseemeyesterday.He isTom'sbrother.
______________________________________________________________________
2.Themachines were connected with wires. The wireswereveryold.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. I knowtheboy.Yougaveabookto him.
______________________________________________________________________
4.WehaddinnerwithJohn. He told usstoriesabouthis travels .
____________________________________________________________________
5.Willyoupleaselendme the verybook?
Youboughtitlast Sunday. ﻫ ______________________________________________________________________
6.Thestudent is ourmonitor.Ourheadmaster praisedhimattheschoolmeeting. ﻫ _____________________________________________________________________
7.Heworks inamiddleschool.Thereisariverinfrontofthe school.
_______________________________________________________________________
8.He used tolive inabighouse.Infrontof itgrewmanybanana trees.
________________________________________________________________________
9.They passed a factory. At thebackof thefactorytherewere rice fields.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Thesoldierranto thebuilding.Onthe topofitflewaflag.
_____________________________________________________________________
11.Intheeveningthey arrivedata hill.Atthefootofthe hilltherewas atemple.
________________________________________________________________________
12.Shecameinto abigroom. Inthemiddle ofit stoodalarge table.
________________________________________________________________________
13.Wehad tocirclearoundthecityin ourplane. Itlookedverybeautiful.________________________________________________________________________
14.Doyou know the doctor?
He comeshereonceamonthandexaminestheworkers.
________________________________________________________________________
15. TheforeignguestisMr.Green.Yousawhimatthe schoolgate. ________________________________________________________________________
16.Heisthenewhead.Iwastalkingabouthim thismorning. _______________________________________________________________________
17.I'vereceived thebook. Father sentittome ________________________________________________________________________
18.The doctorcured meof fever.Healwaysworkedheartand soul.
________________________________________________________________________
19.Theexperimentfailed.Thescientist wasworking onitdayandnight._______________________________________________________________________
20. What's thenameofthegirl?
Her grandpa tookpartinthe Long March.
______________________________________________________________
21.The buildingismyuncle'shouse.Itswalliswhite.
_______________________________________________________________
22.That houseis mine.The windowof thehouseisblue.
_______________________________________________________________
23.Theboywasquicklytakentohospital.Hislegswerebadly hurt.
_______________________________________________________
24.Isthenotebookyours?
Itscoveris green.
ﻩ_______________________________________________________
25.Ihaveapen friend.His fatherisapoliceman.
_______________________________________________________
26.Wewill visitthetown. Ihaveheardofitsname.
_______________________________________________________
27. Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhiscompany.
_______________________________________________________
28.Theladyis verypleased.Youfound herpurse.
_______________________________________________________
把下列含有定语从句的句子拆分成两个简单句。
1.Themanwhohas a positiveattitudewillsucceed.
→Themanhas apositive attitude.He will succeed.
2.Thegirlwhoissittinginthe corneris asinger.
→Thegirlisasinger.The girlissitting inthecorner.
3.Theboys(theboysareplayingfootball)arefrom Class One.
→The boysare fromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.
4.Theman whoIsawiscalled Smith.
_______________________________________________________________
5.Herparentswouldn’tallowhertomarry anyone whosefamily was poor.
_______________________________________________________________
6.Theperson(whom)youwishtoseehascome.
_______________________________________________________________
7.Ifeelsorryforfamouspeoplewho livetheirlivesintheglareofpublicity.
_______________________________________________________________
8.Achildwhoseparentsare dead is called anorphan
_______________________________________________________________
9.He'snot thekind ofmanwhowouldgobackonhiswords.
_______________________________________________________________
10.Theyfirstwentto alargeroomthatlooked likea shop.
_______________________________________________________________
11.Themanandthehorsethat fellinto theriverweredrowned(淹死).
_______________________________________________________________
12.People whousedhorsestopullheavy loadswould choosetokeep strongeranimals.
_______________________________________________________________
13.Wewritelongletters inwhich weoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.
_______________________________________________________________
14.Oneofthereasonsthatmadeit coolforhimnotto carewasthepowerofhispeergroup.
_______________________________________________________________
15.Thefirstinteractionshumanhad withhorseswerefardifferent from thosetoday.
_______________________________________________________________
16.Isawawoman running towardmeinthedark. Before Icould recognize whoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection fromwhich shehadcome.
_______________________________________________________________
17.Thetrainran overandkilleda girland herdog thatwerejustcrossingtheroad.
关系副词用法:
关系副词
指示对象
作用
例句
When
时间
状语
I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtoget