最新人教版选修9高中英语unit 2 sailing the oceans单元学案及答案.docx

最新人教版选修9高中英语unit 2 sailing the oceans单元学案及答案.docx

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最新人教版选修9高中英语unit2sailingtheoceans单元学案及答案

Unit2Sailingtheoceans

PartOne:

TeachingDesign

Period1:

Asamplelessonplanforreading

（SAILINGTHEOCEANS）

Aims

Tohelpstudentsreadaboutsail

ingtheoceans

Tohelpstudentslearnaboutthepredicate

Procedures

■Warmingupbyleaningaboutnavigator

Whatisanavigator?

Anavigatoristhepersononboardashipresponsibleforthenavigationofthevessel.Onaircraft,thepositionmayalsobereferredtoasaflightofficer.Thenavigator'sresponsibilitiesincludeplanningthejourney,advisingthecaptain（orpilot）whileenroute,andensuringthathazardsorobstaclesareavoided.

Whatisexploration?

Explorationistheactofsearchingortravelingforthepurposeofdiscovery,e.g.ofunknownregions,includingspace（spaceexploration）,oroil,gas,coal,ores,water（alsoknownasprospecting）,orinformation.

Explorationhasexistedaslongashumanbeings,butitspeakisseenasbeingduringtheAgeofExplorationwhenEuropeannavigatorstravelledaroundtheworld.

Inscientificresearch,e

xplorationisoneofthreepurposesofresearch（theothertwobeingdescriptionandexplanation）.Explorationistheattempttodevelopaninitial,roughunderstandingofsomephenomenon.

■WarmingupbytalkingaboutZhengHe'sSevenVoyages

InJuly11,1405,theeunuchZhengHeoftheMingDynastyroyalcourtsetoutonhisfirstoverseasvoyage.

Inthefollowing28years,thisnavigatorproceededtocarryoutsixmorevoyages,accompaniedbyahugeentourageofnearly30,000people.BytravelingthroughoutSoutheastAsia,andaroundtheIndianOceanto

theRedSeaandEastAfrica,healsolandedatoverthirtydifferentnations.

Hewastheearliestlargestscalenavigationinworldhistory,comingmorethanhalfacentury

earlierthanColumbus'famousexploits...

■Warmingupbylookingandlistening

Hello,class.Doyouknowthisman?

Yes,heisMarcoPolo.

MarcoPolo（1254-1324）,isprobablythemostfamousWesternertraveledontheSilkRoad.Heexcelledalltheothertravelersinhisdetermination,hiswriting,andhisinfluence.HisjourneythroughAsialasted24years.Hereachedfurtherthananyofhispredecessors,beyondMongoliatoChina.HebecameaconfidantofKublaiKhan（1214-1294）.HetraveledthewholeofChinaandreturnedtotellthetale,whichbecamethegreatesttravelogue.

I.Pre-reading

Whatarenavigationalinstruments?

●Navigationalinstrumentswerebuiltintheageofexplorationtoguidetheexplorerstotheir

destinations.

●navigationalinstrument-aninstrumentusedfornavigating

◇artificialhorizon,flightindicator,gyrohorizon-anavigationalinstrument

basedonagyroscope;providesanartificialhorizonforthepilot

◇compass-navigationalinstrumentforfindingdirections

◇depthfinder-navigationalinstrumentusedtomeasurethedepthofabodyofwater（asbyultrasoundorradar）

◇inclinometer-aninstrumentshowingtheanglethatanaircraftmakeswiththehorizon

◇instrument-adevicethatrequiresskillforproperuse

◇asdic,echosounder,sonar-ameasuringinstrumentthatsendsoutanacousticpulseinwaterandmeasuresdistancesintermsofthetimefortheechoofthepulsetoreturn;sonarisanacronymforsoundnavigationranging;

asdicisanacronymforanti-submarinedetectionin

vestigationcommittee

II.Readingforforms

ReadthetextSAILINGTHEOCEANSonpage12to:

cut/thesentenceintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicative,darkentheconnectivesandunderlinealltheusefulexpressions.

SAILINGTHEOCEANS

Wemaywellwonder/howseamenexploredtheoceans/beforelatitude/andlongitudemadeitpossible/toplotaship'sposition/onamap．Thevoyagesoftravelers/beforethe17thcentury/showthat/theywerenotatthemercyofthesea/eventhoughtheydidnothavemodernnavigationalaids．So/howdidtheynavigatesowell?

Readthesepages/fromanencyclopedia．

Pagel：

Usingnaturetohelp

Keepingalongsidethecoastline

Thisseemstohavebeenthefirst/andmostusefulformofexploration/whichcarriedtheminimumamountofrisk．

Usingcelestialbodies

NorthStar

AttheNorthPole/theNorthStarisatitshighestposition/inthesky,butattheequator/itisalongthehorizon．So/accomplishednavigatorswereabletouseit/toplottheirpositions．

Sun

Onaclearday/especiallyduringthesummer/thesailorscouldusethesun/overhead/atmiddaytonavigateby．Theycanusetheheightofthesun/toworkouttheirlatitude．

Clouds

Seacaptainsobservedtheclouds/overislands.Thereisaspecialcloudformation/whichindicates/thereisland/closeby.

Usingwildlife

Seaweed

Sailorsoftensawseaweed/inthesea/andcouldtell/bythecolour/andsmell/howlongithadbeenthere．Ifitwasflesh/andsmelledstrongly，then/theshipwasclosetoland．

Birds

Seabirdscouldbeusedtoshowtheway/toland/whenitwasnowheretobeseen．Intheevening/nestingbirdsreturntoland/andtheirnests．So/seamencouldfollowthebirds/toland/eveniftheywereoffshore/andintheopensea．

Usingtheweather

Fog

Foggathersatsea/aswellasoverstreams/orrivers．Seamenusedit/tohelpidentifythepositionofastream/orriver/whentheywereclosetoland．

Winds

Wiseseamenusedthewinds/todirecttheirsailing．Theycouldacceleratethespeed，buttheycouldalsobedangerous．So/theVikingswouldobservethewinds/before/andduringtheiroutward/orreturnjourneys．

Usingthesea

Certaintides/andcurrentscouldbeused/byskillfulsailors/tocarryships/totheirdestination.

Theseskillshelpedsailors/exploretheseas/anddiscovernewlands．Theyincreasedtheirability/tonavigatenewseas/whentheyusedinstruments．

page2:

Usingnavigationalinstrumentstohelp

Findinglongitude

Therewasnosecuremethodofmeasuringlongitude/untilthe17thcentury/whentheBritishsolvedthistheoreticalproblem．Nobodyknewthat/theearthmovedwestwards/15degrees/everyhour,butsailorsdidknowanapproximatemethodofcalculatinglongitude/usingspeed/andtime．Anearlyme

thodofmeasuringspeed/involvedthrowingaknottedrope/tiedtoalog/overthesideoftheship．Theropewastiedtoalog/whichwasthen/thrownintothesea．Astheshipadvancedthroughthewater/theknotswerecounted/astheypassedthroughaseaman’shands．Thenumberofknots/thatwerecounted/duringafixedperiodoftime/gavethespeedoftheship/innauticalmiles/perhour．Later,whenseamenbegantousethecompass/inthe12thcentury/theycouldcalculatelongitude/usingcomplicatedmathematicaltables．Thecompasshasaspe

cialmagneticpointer/whichalwaysindicatestheNorthPole，so/itisusedtohelpfindthedirection/thattheshipneedstogo．Inthisway/theshipcouldsetastraightcourse/eveninthemiddleoftheocean．

Findinglatitude

TheBearingCircle

Itwasthefirstinstrument/tomeasurethesun'sposition．Aseamanwouldmeasurethesun’sshadow/andcompareit/withtheheightofthesun/atmidday．Then/hecouldtellifhewassailingonhiscorrect/ratherthanarandomcourse.

TheAstrolabe

Theastrolabe,quadrant/andsextantareallconnected.Theyaredevelopments/ofoneanother．Theearliest，theastrolabe，wasaspecialall-in-onetool/fortellingthepositionoftheship/inrelationtothesun/andvariousstars/whichcoveredthewh

olesky．Thisgavetheseamen/thelocaltime/andallowedthem/tofindtheirlatitude/atsea．However,itwasawkward/touse/asoneofthepointsofreference/wasthemovingshipitself．

TheQuadrant

Thiswasamoreprecise/andsimplifiedversionoftheastrolabe．Itmeasuredhowhighstarswereabovethehoriz

on/usingaquartercircle/ratherthanthefullcircleoftheastrolabe．Itwaseasiertohandle/becauseitwasmore

portable．Itsshortcomingwasthatitstillusedthemovingship/asoneofthefixedpointsofreference．Astheshiprose/andplunged/inthewaves，itwasextremelydifficult/tobeaccurate/withanyreading．

Thesextant

Thesextantwastheupdatedversion/oftheastrolabe/andquadrant/whichreducedthetendency/tomakemistakes．Itprovedtobethemostaccurate/andreliableoftheseearlynavigationalinstruments．Itworksbymeasuringtheangle

/betweentwofixedobjects/outsidetheship/usingtwomirrors．Thismadethecalculationsmoreprecise/andeasiertodo．

III.Copyingusefulexpressionsandmakingsentences

Youaregoingtocopyinyournotebookalltheusefulexpressionsandmakesentencesofyourownwiththem.

sailtheoceans,exploretheoceans,plotaship'spositiononamap,thevoyagesoftravelers,beforethe17thcentury,atthemercyof…,havemodernnavigationalaids,readthesepagesfromanencyclopedia

usenaturetohelp,keepalongsidethecoastline,seemtohavebeen…,thefirstandmostusefulformofexploration,carrytheminimumamountofrisk

usecelestialbodies,NorthStar,attheNorthPole,atitshighestpositioninthesky,attheequator,alongthehorizon,accomplishednavigators,beabletouse…toplottheirpositions,onaclearday,duringthesummer,usethesunoverheadatmiddaytonavigateby,usetheheightofthesuntoworkouttheirlatitude,observethecloudsoverislands,aspecialcloudformation,landcloseby

usewildlife,seeseaweedinthesea,tell…bythecolourandsmell,fleshandsmelledstrongly，closetoland,useseabirdstoshowthewaytoland,intheevening,nestingbirds,returntolandandtheirnests,followthebirdstoland,intheopensea

useweather,gatheratsea,aswellasoverstreamsorrivers,identifythepositionofastreamorriver,closetoland,usethewindstodirectone’ssailing,acceleratethespeed,observethewinds,beforeandduringone’sou