人教版英语高一必修一Unit 2 English around the world期末知识梳理含测试及答案.docx
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人教版英语高一必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld期末知识梳理含测试及答案
人教新课标版高一必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义（如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义）
1.official（）
2.base（）
3.gradually（）
4.fluently（）
5.frequent（）
6.command（）
7.expression（）
8.recognize（）
9.contain（）
10.direct（）
11.native（）
12.block（）
13.identity（）
14.direction（）
15.actually（）
II.核心短语
1.___________of由于，因为
2.at__________现在，目前
3.such__________例如
4.more__________不仅仅是，不只是
5.communicate___________sb.与……交流/交际
6.the___________of……的数量
7.___________itornot信不信由你
8.come__________走进，上来
9.make__________of利用，使用
10.playa__________in扮演一个角色，参与
11.leave__________动身去某地
12.___________space在太空
13.hold___________稍候，别挂断
14.turn___________关掉
15.____________sea乘轮船
16.feel___________感到高兴
17.____________thecorner即将来临
18.takenote___________注意
19.build___________增强
20.make___________有意义
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1.presentn.礼物adj.在场的；目前的vt.赠送
[典例]
1）.Themountainbikeisabirthdaypresentfrommyparents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。
2）.IamafraidIcan’thelpyouatpresent.恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3）.Wereyoupresentwhenthedecisionwasannounced?
宣布那项决定时你在场吗？
4）.Inthepresentcase,Iadviseyoutowait.按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
5）.MayIpresentmynewassistanttoyou?
请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。
[重点用法]
makesb.apresentofsth.将某物赠送给某人
atpresent/atthepresenttime目前
bepresentat出席
present-dayattitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
presentsb.withsth=presentsth.tosb.把某物送给某人
2.commandn.&v.命令；指令；掌握
[典例]
1）.Theofficercommandedhissoldierstofire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]
commandsb.todosth命令某人做某事
beunderthecommandof由…指挥,由…控制
beincommandof控制…
beatone’scommand听任某人支配
have/takecommandof…指挥…
[特别提醒]
command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
3.requestn.&v.请求；要求
[典例]
1）.Yourrequestswillbegranted.你的请求能够获准。
.
2）.Irequestedhimtohelp.我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]
atsb'srequest/attherequestofsb应某人之请求
byrequest（ofsb）应（某人的）请求;经（某人之）要求:
onrequest一经要求:
requeststh（from/ofs
b）要求,（尤指）请求某人做某事:
4.recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认
[典例]
1）.Irecognizedherbyherredhat.我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2）.Everyonerecognizedhimtobethelawfulheir/asthelawfulheir.大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]
recognize…bysth认出或识别某人/某事物
recognize…assth承认某人/某事物是
recog
nize…tobe承认…是
5.straightadj.笔直的；正直的adv.直接；挺直
[典例]
1）.Thisisastraightroad.这是一条直路。
2）.Shewentstraightfromschooltouniversity.她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
6.blockvt.堵塞；阻碍n.街区；木块；石块
[典例]
1）.Helivesthreeblocksawayfromhere.他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2）.Alargecrowdblockedthecorridorsandexits.人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
ablockof一大块
blockout堵住
blockoff封锁；封闭
blockup堵塞；阻碍
II.重点词组
1.presentn.礼物adj.在场的；目前的vt.赠送
[典例]
1）.Themountainbikeisabirthdaypresentfrommyparents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。
2）.IamafraidIcan’thelpyouatpresent.恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3）.Wereyoupresentwhenthedecisionwasannounced?
宣布那项决定时你在场吗？
4）.Inthepresentcase,Iadviseyoutowait.按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
5）.MayIpresentmynewassistanttoyou?
请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。
[重点用法]
makesb.apresentofsth.将某物赠送给某人
atpresent/atthepresenttime目前
bepresentat出席
present-dayattitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
presentsb.withsth=present
sth.tosb.把某物送给某人
2.commandn.&v.命令；指令；掌握
[典例]
1）.Theofficercommandedhissoldierstofire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]
commandsb.todosth命令某人做某事
beunderthecommandof由…指挥,由…控制
beincommandof控制…
beatone’scommand听任某人支配
have/takecommandof…指挥…
[特别提醒]
command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
3.requestn.&v.请求；要求
[典例]
1）.Yourrequestswillbegranted.你的请求能够获准。
.
2）.Irequestedhimtohelp.我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]
atsb'srequest/attherequestofsb应某人之请求
byrequest（ofsb）应（某人的）请求;经（某人之）要求:
onrequest一经要求:
requeststh（from/ofsb）要求,（尤指）请求某人做某事:
4.recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认
[典例]
1）.Irecogn
izedherbyherredhat.我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2）.Everyonerecognizedhimtobethelawfulheir/asthelawfulheir.大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]
recognize…bysth认出或识别某人/某事物
recognize…assth承认某人/某事物是
recognize…tobe承认…是
5.straightadj.笔直的；正直的adv.直接；挺直
[典例]
1）.Thisisastraightroad.这是一条直路。
2）.Shewentstraightfromschooltouniversity.她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
6.blockvt.堵塞；阻碍n.街区；木块；石块
[典例]
1）.Helivesthreeblocksawayfromhere.他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2）.Alargecrowdblockedthecorridorsandexits.人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
ablockof一大块
blockout堵住
blockoff封锁；封闭
blockup堵塞；阻碍
III.重点句型
1.WhichcountrydoyouthinkhasthemostEnglishlearners?
[解释]doyouthink/believe/expect/find/know/suppose作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。
Whattime do you expectwewill comeandpickyouup？
你希望我们几点来接你？
What do you suppose he will doafterhehearsaboutthegoodnews？
你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？
Why do you
think theirteamcouldwinthefootballmatch?
你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？
2.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.
[解释]thaneverbefore常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。
如：
Thestarswereshiningbrightlyinthedarksky,andthenightwasmorebeautifulthaneverbefore.繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。
三、语法突破
直接引语和间接引语
（二）
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。
那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
Hesaid，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——>
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。
如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——>
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will yo
u go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?
” ——>
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2、时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时
现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——>
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “
We are listening to the pop music.” ——>
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?
” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?
” ——>
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?
” the teacher asked. ——>
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?
” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——>
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——>
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when, while
引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——>
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perf
ect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——>
The doctor said I'd better dri
nk plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——>
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”——>
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?
”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
［注］：
此处用had to代替must更好
8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。
如：
Teacher:
You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student :
What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor:
He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
now then tomorrow the next（following）day
today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year）
yesterday the day before two days ago two days before
last week （month, year） the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, year）
2）指示代词：
these 变成those
3）地点状语：
here变成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn’t go the
re any more..
4）动词：
come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1）陈述句。
用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
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