1、人教版英语高一必修一Unit 2 English around the world期末知识梳理含测试及答案人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 2 English around the world期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.official ( )2. base( )3. gradually( )4. fluently( )5. frequent( )6. command( )7. expression( )8. recognize( )9. contain( )10. direct( )11. native( )
2、12. block( )13. identity( )14. direction( )15. actually( )II.核心短语1. _ of 由于,因为2. at _ 现在,目前3. such _ 例如4. more _ 不仅仅是, 不只是5. communicate _ sb. 与交流/交际6. the _ of 的数量7. _ it or not 信不信由你8. come _ 走进,上来9. make _ of 利用,使用10. play a _ in 扮演一个角色,参与11. leave _ 动身去某地12. _ space 在太空13. hold _ 稍候, 别挂断14. turn
3、 _ 关掉15. _ sea 乘轮船16. feel _ 感到高兴17. _ the corner 即将来临18. take note _ 注意19. build _ 增强20. make _ 有意义二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的;目前的vt. 赠送 典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3). Were you pre
4、sent when the decision was announced? 宣布那项决定时你在场吗?4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况,我建议你等等。5). May I present my new assistant to you? 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。重点用法make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人at present/ at the present time目前be present at出席present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式presen
5、t sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人2. command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌握典例 1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。重点用法 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由指挥,由控制be in command of 控制be at ones command 听任某人支配have / take command of 指挥特别提醒 command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气3. reque
6、st n.& v. 请求;要求典例 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。. 2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。重点用法at sbs request/at the request of sb应某人之请求 by request (of sb) 应(某人的)请求; 经(某人之)要求: on request 一经要求: request sth (from/of sb)要求, (尤指)请求某人做某事: 4. recognize vt. 辨认出;承认;公认典例 1). I recognized her by her
7、red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法recognizeby sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognizeas sth 承认某人/某事物是recognizeto be承认是5. straight adj.笔直的;正直的 adv. 直接;挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。2). She went straight from school to university
8、. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。6. block vt. 堵塞;阻碍n. 街区;木块;石块典例 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重点用法a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁;封闭block up 堵塞;阻碍II.重点词组 1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的;目前的vt. 赠送 典例 1). The mountain bike is a
9、birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3). Were you present when the decision was announced? 宣布那项决定时你在场吗?4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况,我建议你等等。5). May I present my new assistant to you? 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。重点用法make
10、sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人at present/ at the present time目前be present at出席present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人2. command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌握典例 1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。重点用法 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the
11、command of 由指挥,由控制be in command of 控制be at ones command 听任某人支配have / take command of 指挥特别提醒 command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气3. request n.& v. 请求;要求典例 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。. 2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。重点用法at sbs request/at the request of sb应某人之请求 by request (of sb) 应(某人的)请求; 经(某
12、人之)要求: on request 一经要求: request sth (from/of sb)要求, (尤指)请求某人做某事: 4. recognize vt. 辨认出;承认;公认典例 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法recognizeby sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognizeas sth 承认某人/某事物是recognizeto be承
13、认是5. straight adj.笔直的;正直的 adv. 直接;挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。6. block vt. 堵塞;阻碍n. 街区;木块;石块典例 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重点用法a bloc
14、k of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁;封闭block up 堵塞;阻碍III.重点句型 1. Which country do you think has the most English learners?解释do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后,其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。 What timedoyouexpect we willcome and pick you up?你希望我们几点来接你? Whatdoyousupposehewilldo after he hears a
15、bout the good news?你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢?Whydoyouthinktheir team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢?2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.解释 than ever before 常与比较级连用,意为“比以往任何时候更”。如:The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky,
16、and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里,夜晚比以往更美。三、语法突破直接引语和间接引语(二)引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?1、人称的转变 1)直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如:He
17、 said,“Iamverysorry.”Hesaidthathewasverysorry. 2)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如:“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime. 3)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。如:Shesaidtoherson,“Illcheckyourhomeworktonight.”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhis
18、homeworkthatnight. 4)人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种
19、时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下: 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时例如: “Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool. Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic. Motheraske
20、d,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV. Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus. “Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtog
21、othere. Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV. Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore. Hesaid,“Ihaventheardfrommyparentsthesedays.”Hesaidthathe
22、hadntheardfromhisparentsthosedays. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:Hewillsay,“Illtrymybesttohelpyou.”Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”Hetoldusthathewe
23、nttocollegein1994.4)当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:Hesaid,“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6)当引语是谚语
24、、格言时,如:Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7)当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,如:例如:Thedoctorsaid,“Youdbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”ThedoctorsaidIdbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.H
25、esaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.Theteachersaid,“Youneednthandinyourcompositionstoday.”Theteachersaidweneednt/didntneedto/didnthavetohandinourcompositions.Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.注:此处用hadto代替must更好8)此
26、外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。如:Teacher:Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.Student:Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?Monitor:Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化1)时间状语:直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语nowthentomorrowt
27、henext(following)daytodaythatdaynextweekthenext(following)week(month,year)yesterdaythedaybeforetwodaysagotwodaysbeforelastweek(month,year)theweek(month,year)beforethisweekthatweek(month,year)2)指示代词:these变成those3)地点状语:here变成thereShesaid,“Iwontcomehereanymore.”Shesaidthatshewouldntgothereanymore.4)动词:
28、come变成go,bring变成take5、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化1)陈述句。用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat,如:Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“IllgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.(不可说toldthat)
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