stem cell course-Wenzhou-2017PPT课件.pptx

stem cell course-Wenzhou-2017PPT课件.pptx

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1.BasicKnowledgesaboutStemCells,（,干细胞基本知识）DefinitionClassificationCharacterizationStemCellsinTestis（睾丸干细胞）GermlinestemcellsSomaticstemcellsStemCellsinOvary（卵巢干细胞）GermlinestemcellsSomaticstemcellsFutureDirections（未来方向）Germlinestemcells-physiologicalrelevant?

Assistantreproductionwithinducedoocytes?

本课内容,Self-renewaltomaintainthemselves（自我增殖）Differentiationtoformspecializedcells（分化成子代细胞）,Whatarestemcells?

Stemcellsarethecellsthatcandivideessentiallywithoutlimittoformothercells.（无限分裂并形成其他细胞的细胞）,全能干细胞（Totipotentstemcells）:

Cellscanformallthecelltypesinabody,plustheextraembryonic,orplacental,cells.Embryoniccellswithinthefirstcoupleofcelldivisionsafterfertilizationaretheonlycellsthataretotipotent（包括胎盘）.多能干细胞（Pluripotentstemcells）:

Cellscangiverisetoallofthecelltypesthatmakeupthebody;embryonicstemcellsareconsideredpluripotent（不包括胎盘）.亚多能干细胞（Multipotentstemcells）:

Cellscandevelopintomorethanonecelltype,butaremorelimitedthanpluripotentcells;adultstemcellsandcordbloodstemcellsareconsideredmultipotent.单能干细胞（Unipotentstemcells）:

Cellreferstoacellthatcandifferentiatealongonlyonelineage.,干细胞的多能性,Totipotent,滋养层,囊胚,Multipotentstemcells（亚多能干细胞）,骨髓祖细胞,淋巴祖细胞,Embryonicstemcells（胚胎干细胞）Generatedfromcellsofapreimplantation-stageembryoTotipotentPluripotent“Somatic”or“adult”stemcells（成体干细胞）Generatedfromdevelopingorwell-developedoradultorgansMultipotentUnipotentInducedpluripotentstemcells（iPSCs）（诱导多潜能干细胞）Generatedfromtransductionof4transcriptionalfactors（Oct4（Pou5f1）,Sox2,cMyc,andKlf4）Pluripotent,Classification（分类）,干细胞小巢及干细胞对称性和非对称性分裂,干细胞小巢Stem-cellniche,Thespecificanatomiclocationwherestemcellslive,whichcontainsextracelluarmatrixandregulatorycells.Theniche（home）playsimportantrolesindeterminingstemcellsfate.Thewordnicheoftenbereferedtoasstem-cellmicroenvironmentinvivoorinvitro.小巢是指干细胞“生活”的位置，其中包含细胞外基质和调控细胞。

小巢（家）在调控干细胞的活动及确定干细胞的命运中起着重要的作用。

“小巢”一词通常被泛指体内或体外干细胞生存的微环境。

“归巢”是指干细胞从身体的其它位置，向其小巢回归的过程。

BasicKnowledgesaboutStemCellsDefinitionClassificationCharacterizationStemCellsinTestisGermlinestemcellsSomaticstemcellsStemCellsinOvaryGermlinestemcellsSomaticstemcellsFutureDirectionsGermlinestemcells-physiologicalrelevant?

Assistantreproductionwithinducedoocytes?

本课内容,SPERMATOGENESIS:

https:

/,曲细精管,间质,GermcellsSertolicellsLeydigcellsMyoidcellsMacrophagesBloodvessels,SPERMATOGENESIS:

https:

/,https:

/,DifferencesBetweenRodentsandHuman,M,O,U,ES,H,MU,A,N,Gfra1,c-Kit,ID4PAX7BMI1,TheAsmodelforspermatogonialmultiplicationandstemcellrenewal.,DirkG.deRooijDevelopment2017;144:

3022-3030,2017.PublishedbyTheCompanyofBiologistsLtd,简单模型,Thefragmentationmodelforspermatogonialmultiplicationandstemcellrenewal.,DirkG.deRooijDevelopment2017;144:

3022-3030,2017.PublishedbyTheCompanyofBiologistsLtd,碎片模型,ThehierarchicalAsmodel.,DirkG.deRooijDevelopment2017;144:

3022-3030,2017.PublishedbyTheCompanyofBiologistsLtd,分级模型,Gfra1,C-Kit,Spermatogoniastemcellmarkers,TruestemmarkersID4:

inhibitorofdifferentiation4PAX7:

pairedbox7BMI1:

Bcell-specificMoloneymurineleukaemiavirusintegrationsite1DifferentatingmarkersNgn3:

neurogenin3Gfra1:

GDNFfamilyreceptoralpha1Fbxw7:

Skp1-Cullin-F-box（SCF）-typeubiquitinligase,SummarySpermatogoniastemcells,Highturnovercells,activeduringtheindividualslifetimeNumberoftheprogeniescanbegeneratedbyeachstemcellarelimitedRodentsgenerate500foldsofgermcellsthanhumanforeachstemcelldivisionThreemodelshavebeenproposedbywhichhowspermatogoniastemcellsundergodifferentiation:

Asmodel（简单模型）;Fragmentationmodel（碎片模型）;Hierarchicalmodel（分级模型）。

TesticularStemCellsforSomaticcells,Sertolicells?

（notyet）Myiodcells?

（notyet）Leydigcells?

Yes（PeritubularandPerivescularlocations）,CD90,绿色-管周细胞（smactin）,红色间质细胞（P450scc）,培养4周后，在管周myoid细胞的外表面，出现间质细胞,BasicKnowledgesaboutStemCellsDefinitionClassificationCharacterizationStemCellsinTestisGermlinestemcellsSomaticstemcellsStemCellsinOvaryGermlinestemcellsSomaticstemcellsFutureDirectionsGermlinestemcells-physiologicalrelevant?

Assistantreproductionwithinducedoocytes?

本课内容,植物根尖生长（干细胞功能及顶尖生长）,低等动物的卵巢含有生殖干细胞Celegans线虫（含生殖干细胞）,Drosophila果蝇（含生殖干细胞）,Medaka日本淡水鱼（含生殖干细胞）,哺乳动物卵巢含有生殖干细胞吗？

传统的观点：

卵巢不含生殖干细胞Eggnumberislimitedandcouldbedepletedbyageof50,JonathanL.Tilly,2004哺乳动物成年卵巢含有生殖干细胞,（GermlineStemCells:

GSC）JonathanL.TillyGroupNature2004;428:

14550.1.Countingatreticfollicles（33%immaturefolliclesareatretic,whichcouldresultindepletionoffolliclesmuchearlier）（卵泡萎缩速度太快）GermcellmarkersVasahomologue（MVH,aksDeadbox4,orDDX4）andsynaptonemalcomplexprotein3（SCP3）-positivecellswerefoundatovariansurfaceepithelium（previouslytermedgerminalepithelium）.BrdUincorporationofMVH-positivecells（卵泡外表达生殖细胞基因的细胞）Germcelltoxicant（b