届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九15页word版.docx

届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九15页word版.docx

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届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九15页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九

[一]

WhenslaveswerefirstbroughtoverfromWestAfricatothesouthernpartsofAmerica,theybroughtalongwiththemaspectsoftheirownculture—religion,dance,language,music,andcuisine.Amixofthetwocultureseventuallyappeared.ThereligiousdanceoftheringshoutturnedintomoderndancesliketheCharleston,andtribalchantsslowlytransformedintosorrowfulhymns（圣歌）sungbyslavesthatdescribedtheirhardships.

Thesesoulfulaccountsbyslavesofthesevereclimateandconditionsbegantobecalled“theblues”，whichcontinuedinpopularityamongAfricanAmericansaftertheCivilWar.Thismusicincreasedinpopularityintotheearly1900swhenmanyblackmusiciansbecameanimportantpartofthemusicindustry.

TheslavesthathadbeenbroughtoverwerefromalldifferentregionsofWestAfrica,buttheyworkedtogetheruntiltheygraduallyformedacommonculture.Thisstrengthenedtheidentityoftheirmusicthat,inthe1950s,eventuallyledtothebeginningofrockandroll.TheBeatles,themostinfluentialbandofthe1960s,areoftendeterminedastheacceleratorthatresultedintheideology（意识形态）surroundingmusicthatisstillaroundtoday.Thefreedomandindividualityassociatedwiththattimeperiodbroughtforthawholeculturesurroundingmusic.Itwasnotjustmusicanymore,butalifestyle.

Overthedecades,musichasdevelopedintosuchavitalpartofsocietyandpopculture.Musiciansareglorified,withtonsofadoringandscreamingfans.Themoderntechnologyofpresentdayhasallowedforagreatergapbetweenthecreatorofthemusicandthefans,aswellasthewidespreadcommercializationofmusic.However,criticismsofmodernpopmusicoftenariseduetoitsmassproduction,andnowthereislackofthesamesoulandqualityofnaturalnessandsimplicityinmusicthatwasrisingintheearly20thcentury.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

当奴隶开始被从西非带到美国南部时，他们也带来了自己的文化——宗教、舞蹈、语言、音乐和烹饪。

本文主要讲的是音乐在文化融合中的发展。

12．WhatcontributedtothebirthoftheCharleston?

A．VariousAfricanreligions.

B．People’sloveoftribaldances.

C．Amixoftwodifferentcultures.

D．Thepopularityofsorrowfulhymns.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Amixofthetwocultureseventuallyappeared.ThereligiousdanceoftheringshoutturnedintomoderndancesliketheCharleston”可知，两种文化的混合促进了Charleston的出现。

故选C。

13．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnabouttheblues?

A．Itbecamepopularinthelate20thcentury.

B．Itmayincludethedescriptionofslaves’sadlives.

C．ItmainlytoldthestoriesoftheAmericanCivilWar.

D．Itreflectedthehardlivesofmanyblackmusicians.

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Thesesoulfulaccountsbyslavesofthesevereclimateandconditionsbegantobecalled’theblues’”可知，对在苛刻的气候和环境下工作的奴隶的那些深情凄婉的描述被称作“theblues”。

故选B。

14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthethirdparagraphreferto?

A．Slaves’collectivework.

B．OneregionofWestAfrica.

C．Thenewcommonculture.

D．ThemusicbytheBeatles.

解析：

选C　代词指代题。

根据画线词前的“theyworkedtogetheruntiltheygraduallyformedacommonculture.Thisstrengthened...”可知，他们一起工作直到他们逐渐形成一种共同的文化。

故选C。

15．Itcanbelearnedthatthemusicintheearly20thcentury________.

A．possessedsoulandsincerity

B．becamemorecommercialized

C．wasblamedforitsmassproduction

D．widenedthegapbetweenmusiciansandfans

解析：

选A　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“andnowthereislackofthesamesoulandqualityofnaturalnessandsimplicityinmusicthatwasrisingintheearly20thcentury”可知，选A。

[二]

Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefourthattempt.YoumightthinkthatmeansI’mnotassafeassomeonewhopassedontheirfirstattempt.Butwouldyoufeelsaferwithnodriveratall?

Maybenot,andthat’swhyautomotivefirmshaveincludeddriverassistfunctionsintheirdriverlesscars.Thisallowsthehumandrivertotakeoverifthereisaproblem.

Googleisoneproducerthathasprototypedriverlesscars.Thesecarshavebeennewlyequippedwithautosteeringwheelsandconventionalcontrolstoallownormaldriving.Butthisisjustastage—thevisionistohavefullyautomatedcarsverysoon.ThedirectorofGoogle’sselfdriveproject,ChrisUrmson,hopeshis11yearoldsonwillneverhavetotakeadrivingtest.Toachievethat,thecarsneedtobeontheroadsinfiveyears.Hesaysdriverlesscarswillgreatlyreduceaccidentsandtrafficjams.

AccordingtoChris,about1.2millionpeoplearekilledontheroadsaroundtheworldeachyear.Thatnumberisequivalenttoajetfallingoutoftheskyeveryday.Hethinksgradualchangestoexistingcardesignsarenotenoughtodealwiththeproblems.“Ifwearereallygoingtomakechangestoourcities,getridofparkinglots,weneedselfdrivecars，”hesays.

Google’sprototypeshavecoveredoveramillionkilometersontheroad.Theyhavealsohadtodealwithunexpectedsituations,suchasachilddrivingatoycarintheroad,andawomaninanelectricwheelchairchasingaduck.Ineachcase,thecarreactedsafely.

Somearenotconvinced.SvenBeikerofStanfordUniversitythinksdriverlesscarswillstillneedhumaninputinextremecircumstances.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

无人驾驶汽车尽管能够减少交通事故和交通堵塞，但是，它的安全性还有待验证。

8．AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’schiefconcernaboutdriverlesscars?

A．Functions.B．Safety.

C．Price.D．Appearance.

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第一段第三、四句“Butwouldyoufeel...intheirdriverlesscars.”可知，作者主要关心的是无人驾驶汽车的安全问题。

故选B。

9．ChrisUrmsonmentionedhis11yearoldsoninordertoshowthat________.

A．traditionalcarsareharmfulforkids

B．hissonisnotgoodatdriving

C．hissonisaslowlearnerindriving

D．driverlesscarswillcomesoon

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

根据第二段倒数第二、三句可知，ChrisUrmson希望他11岁的儿子将来不用参加驾照考试。

为了实现这个愿望，无人驾驶汽车须在5年之内上市，即在他的儿子16岁之前。

由此可知，ChrisUrmson提到他儿子是为了说明无人驾驶汽车很快就能被生产出来。

故选D。

10．WhatisChrisUrmson’scommentonselfdrivecars?

A．Theycansolvemanyexistingproblems.

B．Theyaresaferthanajetplane.

C．Theycancompletelychangeourcities.

D．Theyshouldchangegradually.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句“Hesaysdriverlesscarswillgreatly...jams.”和第三段最后一句“’Ifwearereally...’hesays.”可知，无人驾驶汽车可以减少交通事故、交通堵塞和停车场拥挤等现存的问题。

故选A。

11．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A．Google’sprototypeswillbetestedontheroadssoon.

B．Selfdrivecarsarenotdesignedforchildrenorwomen.

C．Concernsremainaboutthereliabilityofselfdrivecars.

D．Drivingtestswillbeeasiertopassinthenearfuture.

解析：

选C　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Somearenotconvinced...inextremecircumstances.”可知，SvenBeiker认为在极端环境下，无人驾驶汽车还是需要人工来操作。

由此可推知，有些人还是担心无人驾驶汽车的安全问题。

故选C。

[三]

TheMaldivesfacesthethreatofextinctionfromrisingsealevels,butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwaslookingtothefuturewithplanstobuildhomesandagolfcoursethatcanfloat.

Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeterswouldmaketheMaldives—anationofanumberoftinycoralislandsintheIndianOcean—notsuitableforhumanstoliveinby2100,theUN’sclimatechangeexpertshavewarned.

PresidentMohamedNasheedhasdeclaredafightforsurvival,andlastmonthhesignedadealwithaDutchcompanytostudysuggestionsforafloatingstructurethatcouldsupportaconferencecentre,homesandan18-holegolfcourse.

Thecompany,DutchDocklands,iscurrentlybuildingfloatingdevelopmentsintheNetherlandsandDubai.Itswebsitesaiditundertookprojectsthatmake“landfromwaterbyprovidinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreatesimilarconditionsasonland”.

TheMaldivesbegantoworkonanartificialislandknownastheHulhumalenearthecrowdedcapitalislandofMalein1997andmorethan30,000peoplehavebeensettledthereinordertoeasecrowdedness.Thecity,whichhasapopulationof100,000,isalreadyprotectedfromrisingsealevelsbya30-million-dollarseawall,andthegovernmentisconsideringincreasinglyimaginativewaystofightclimatechange.

Nasheed,whoheldtheworld’sfirstunderwatercabinet（内阁）meetinginOctobertohighlighthispeople’sseriousanddifficultsituation,hasevenspokenofbuyinglandelsewhereintheworldtoenableMaldivianstorelocateiftheirhomesarecompletelycovered.

Hehasalsopromisedtoturnhisnationintoamodelfortherestoftheworldbybecoming“carbonneutral（碳中和）”by2020.Hisplaninvolvesendingfossilfueluseandpoweringallvehiclesandbuildingsfrom“green”sourcessuchasburningcoconuthusks.

【语篇解读】本文是生态环保类阅读。

讲述马尔代夫人民面对海平面的上升不得不考虑如何应对被淹没的可能。

现在他们开始在首都附近建了一个人工岛Hulhumale,现在已经有30,000多人搬到了这个岛上,缓解了一些压力。

最后文章呼吁人们减少二氧化碳的排放。

1.WhichofthefollowingabouttheMaldivesisrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itismadeupofmanysmallislands.

B.Ithasbeencoveredbywaternow.

C.Itspeopleliveinunderwaterhouses.

D.Itspeopleliveintheirfloatinghomes.

答案A解析细节理解题。

根据第二段“Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeterswouldmaketheMaldives—anationofanumberoftinycoralislandsintheIndianOcean—notsuitableforhumanstoliveinby2100”可知,马尔代夫由很多小岛组成,预计2100年可能被水淹没,不是现在,所以A项正确,而B项错误;再根据第一段“butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwaslookingtothefuturewithplanstobuildhomesandagolfcoursethatcanfloat.”可知C项和D项错误。

答案为A项。

2.WhatprobablyisthereasonwhyMohamedNasheedchoseDutchDocklandsforhisplan?

A.Ithasagoodfamethroughouttheworld.

B.Itchargedmuchlessthanothercompanies.

C.Ithasexperienceinbuildingfloatingstructures.

D.Itsupportsbuildingfloatingstructuresintheworld.

答案C解析细节理解题。

根据第四段“Itswebsitesaiditundertookprojectsthatmake‘landfromwaterbyprovidinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreatesimilarconditionsasonland’”可知,这家公司的网站上显示他们曾经承担过类似的在水上建造建筑物的任务,所以答案为C项。

3.WhydidtheMaldivesbegintobuildtheHulhumale?

A.Becauseitcouldattractmorevisitors.

B.Becausethecountryintendedtomakeitanewcapital.

C.Becauseitcouldfightagainstclimatechange.

D.Becauseitcouldmakethecapitallesscrowded.

答案D解析细节理解题。