届高考英语二轮题海特训营12阅读理解词义猜测四04261106.docx
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届高考英语二轮题海特训营12阅读理解词义猜测四04261106
阅读理解-词义猜测四
1、Whatisitthatmakespeoplelaugh?
MorethantwothousandyearsagotheancientGreekphilosopherAristotledefined(定义)jokesasthepleasurethatresultsfromafeelingoftriumph(胜利)byshowingwe'rebetterthansomeoneelseinacertainway.AccordingtoAristotleandmanyotherphilosophers,alljokesdependmainlyonshowinginferiorityinanotherpersonorgroupofpersons—thatis,puttingitclearly,onshowingthattheyareworseoffthanourselves.Jokesraiseourgoodopinionofourselvesatsomeoneelse'sexpense.
Showinghowmuchbetterthanotherpeopleweareisonlyonereasonwelikejokes.Someonemayalsouseajoketoexpresstheirangerortheircrueltyoranyotherkindofactionthatisnotacceptabletous.Wefeelfreetolaughwhenwehearaboutsomeoneslidingonabananaskin.Thejokeletsusexpressthoseattitudeswhichareusuallyunacceptabletosociety.Thisisprobablythereasonwhysomeofthejokes,especiallythoseinvolvingcruelty,aresopopularwithcertainpeople.
Besides,alljokesdependonourenjoymentoflaughingatsomethingthatisstrangeandoutofplacebecauseit'sdifferentfromthingswhicharehappeningaroundit.Thesamesituationcanbeeithersadorpleasant,dependingentirelyonhowstrangeandoutofplaceitis.Ifagirlinabathingsuitfallsintoaswimmingpool,wedon'tlaughbecausenothingunusualhashappened.Butifamaninasmartsuitfallsin,thesituationisatonceunusualinapleasantwayandwelaugh.Agoodjoke-tellerwillalwaystrytobuildupasituationinwhichonethingisexpecteduntilsomethingunexpectedsuddenlyhappens,andsowelaugh.
1.AccordingtoAristotle,alljokesdependmainlyon________.
A.showinginferiorityinanotherpersonorgroup
B.resultinginasenseofsuccess
C.havingagoodopinionofotherpeople
D.makingpeoplelaughunexpectedly
2.Theunderlinedword“inferiority”(inParagraph1)means________.
A.somethingthatisnotasgoodassomethingelse
B.somethingthatisbetterthansomethingelse
C.someonethatisnotasgoodassomeoneelse
D.someonethatisbetterthansomeoneelse
3.What'sthemainideaofParagraph2?
A.Showingwearebetterthanotherpeopleistheonlyonereasonwelikejokes.
B.Whenpeopleareangry,theywouldliketohearjokes.
C.Peoplewholikejokesareusuallycruel.
D.Toexpressthoseattitudesusuallyunacceptabletosocietyisoneofthereasonswelikejokes.
4.Whatwillagoodjoketelleralwaystrytodo?
2、 AnelephantinaSouthKoreanzooisusinghistrunktopickupnotonlyfood,butalsohumanvocabulary.
AninternationalteamofscientistsconfirmedonFridaywhatEverlandZoohasbeensayingforyears:
Their5.5-tontuskerKoshikhasanunusualandpossiblyunprecedentedtalent.
The22-year-oldAsianelephantcanreproducefiveKoreanwordsbytuckinghistrunkinsidehismouthtomodulatesound,thescientistssaidinajointpaperpublishedonlineinCurrentBiology.Theysaidhemayhavestartedimitatinghumanspeechbecausehewaslonely.
Koshikcanreproduce“annyeong”(hello),“anja”(sitdown),“aniya’’(no),“nuwo’’(liedown)and‘‘joa"(good),thepapersays.
OneoftheresearcherssaidthereisnoconclusiveevidencethatKoshikunderstandsthesoundshemakes,althoughtheelephantdoesrespondtowordslike"anja."
ResearcherssaidtheclearestscientificevidencethatKoshikisdeliberatelyimitatinghumanspeechisthatthesoundfrequencyofhiswordsmatchesthatofhistrainers.
Vocalimitationofotherspecieshasbeenfoundinmockingbirds,parrotsandmynahs.ButthepapersaysKoshik’scaserepresents“awhollynovelmethodofvocalproduction"becauseheuseshistrunktoreproducehumanspeech.
ResearchersbelieveKoshik learnedtoreproducewordsoutofa desiretobondwithhistrainersafter hewasseparatedfromtwoother elephantsatage5.
Koshikemergedasastar amonganimalenthusiastsandchildreninSouthKoreaafterEverlandZooclaimedin2006thathecouldimitatewords,twoyearsafterhistrainersnoticedthephenomenon.HisgrowingreputationpromptedAustrianbiologistAngelaStoeger-HorwathandGermanbiophysicistDanielMietchentostudyhimin2010,zooofficialssaid.
KimJong-gab,Koshik’schieftrainer,saidtheelephantwastimidforamalewhenhefirstcametoEverlandZoo,sotrainersoftensleptinthesameareawithhim.KimthinksthatcontacthelpedKoshikfeelclosertohumans.
KimsaidhehasanotherexpressionhewantstoteachKoshik:
“Saranghae”or“Iloveyou".
1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepossiblereasonwhyKoshikimitateshumanspeech?
A.Hefeelsverylonely.
B.Heearnsmoneyforhiszoo.
C.Hehasagiftforspeech.
D.Hewantstomakehistrainerhappy.
2.KoshikcanreproducethefollowingwordsEXCEPT _______.
A.annyeong
B.nuwo
C.Saranghae
D.joa
3.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat ________.
A.Koshikbegantoimitatehumanspeechin2006
B.Koshikisa22-year-oldAsianfemaleelephant
C.KimJong-gabisthemanagerofEverlandZoo
D.KoshikisastarinanimalenthusiastsandkidsinSouthKorea
4.Theunderlinedword“prompted"inthepassageprobablymeans _______.
A.caused
B.expanded
C.developed
D.changed
3、
DearAlcohol,
You'vebeenaroundforever.Icanrememberallthepainyou'vecausedforme.
Doyourememberthenightwhenyoualmosttookmyfather'slife?
Ido.Helovesyou.SometimesIthinkhelovesyoumorethanhelovesme.He'saddictedtoyou,tothewayyoupromisetoridhimofhisproblemsonlytocausemoreofthem.Youjustsatbackandlaughedashiscarwentspinningthroughthestreet,crashingintotwoothercars.Hewasn'ttheonlyonehurtbyyouthatnight.
Doyourememberthenightofmyfirsthighschoolparty?
Youwerethere.Myfriendswereintriguedbyyou.Theytreatedyouasiftheywerenevergoingtoseeyouagain,drinkingallofyouthattheycould.Ispenttwohoursthatnighthelpingmyfriendswhohadfallencompletely.“I'msoembarrassed,”theysaidasIpattedthemonthebacksothattheycouldvomit(呕吐).“I'msorry,”theysaidwhenIcalledtaxiesforthem,walkingthemoutandpayingthedriversinadvance.“Thiswon'thappenagain,”theysaidastheyweresenttothehospitaltohavetheirstomachspumped.Two15-year-oldgirlssleptinhospitalbedsthatnightthankstoyou.
Doyourememberthenightwhenyoutookadvantageofmy17-year-oldneighborwhohadtodrivetopickuphissisterfromherdancelessons?
Doyouknowhowweallfeltwhenhehitanothercarandkilledthetwopeopleintheothercar?
Hediedthenextmorningtoo.Hissisterwalkedhomefromherdancelesson,andpassedpolicecarsandacrowdofpeoplegatheringonthesidewalkjusttwoblocksawayfromthedancestudio.Shedidn'trealizeherbrotherwasinthemidstofitatall.Sheneversawhimagain.Andit'sallyourfault.
Iwishyou'dwalkoutofmylifeforever.Idon'twantanythingtodowithyou.Lookatallthepainyou'vecaused.Sure,you'vemadepeoplehappytoofromtimetotime.Butthedamageyou'vecausedinthelivesofmillionsisinexcusable.Stopluring(引诱)thepeopleIlove.Stophurtingme,please!
Sincerely,
Anonymous
1.Whatisauthor'spurposeinwritingtoalcohol?
A.TointroduceMr.Alcoholtothereaders.
B.Todescribetheharmalcoholdidtohisfamily.
C.Toshowhowmuchalcoholcanhurtpeople.
D.Totellpeoplethreesadstoriesaboutalcohol.
2.Whatdidalcoholdototheauthor'sfatherthatnight?
A.Itmadehimdrunkandtookhislifeaway.
B.Itgothimintotroubleandgothisstomachpumped.
C.Itmadehimkilltwootherpeoplewhendriving.
D.Itgothimintoacaraccidentandbadlyinjured.
3.Theunderlinedphrase“wereintriguedby”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto“________”.
A.werefamiliarwith
B.wereinterestedin
C.weredisappointedby
D.weresatisfiedwith
4.Whatisthetoneofthearticle?
A.Critical.
B.Doubtful.
C.Unconcerned.
D.Humorous.
4、 Thesedays,drugscanbefoundeverywhere,anditmayseemlikeeveryone'sdoingthem.Lotsofpeoplearetempted(引诱)bytheexcitementorescapethatdrugsseemtooffer.Butlearningthefactsaboutdrugscanhelpyouseetherisksofchasingthisexcitementorescape.Here'swhatyouneedtoknow.
Howdodrugswork?
Drugsarechemicalsorsubstancesthatchangethewayourbodieswork.Whenyouputthemintoyourbody(oftenbyswallowing,breathingin.orinjectingthem),drugsfindtheirwayintoyourbloodstreamandaretransported(运输)topartsofyourbody,suchasyourbrain.Inthebrain,drugsmayeitherstrengthenordull(使迟钝)yoursenses,changeyoursenseofalertness(机敏),andsometimesdecreasephysicalpain.
Adrugmaybehelpfulorharmful.Theeffectsofdrugscanvarydependinguponthekindofdrugtaken,howmuchistaken,howoftenitisused,howquicklyitgetstothebrain,andwhatotherdrugs,food,orsubstancesaretakenatthesametime.Effectscanalsovarybasedonthedifferencesinbodysize,shape,andchemistry.
Althoughsubstancescanfeelgoodatfirst,theycaneventuallydoalotofharmtothebodyandbrain.Drinkingalcohol,smokingtobacco,takingillegaldrugs,andsniffinggluecanallcauseseriousdamagetothehumanbody.Somedrugsseriouslyweakenapersonsabilitytomakehealthychoicesanddecisions.Teenswhodrink,forexample,aremorelikelytogetinvolvedin(卷入,陷入)dangeroussituations,suchasdrivingattopspeedundertheinfluenceorhavingunprotectedsex.
1.Theunderlinedword“chasing”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans________.
A.removing
B.seeking
C.keeping
D.holding
2.Drugsgetintoone’sbodythroughthefollowingwaysEXCEPT ________.
A.eating
B.breathing
C.feeling
D.injec