09专八阅读真题及答案详解.docx
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09专八阅读真题及答案详解
09专八阅读真题及答案详解
来源:
中国英语学习网作者:
周玉亮
TEXTA
Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren'shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe'dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.
Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones(11题答案C的出处),perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.
Whatwedidn'tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren"indanger,"referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.Friendlywarningsdidn'tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment'slistoftroublespots.Wedidn'tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvaried(12题答案A的出处) enougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee"everysingle"churchandmuseuminagivencity.
Vaccinationsweren'tneededforthecity,butwewereconcemedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul'smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.Fromateenagerandpre-teen'sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.
Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques(13题答案D的出处),itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.
BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren'scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycornerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults'desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren'sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide(14题答案B的出处).Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.
Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylef~toalearnedthirdparty.
11.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause
A.thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.
B.thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.
C.thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.
D.thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.
12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
A.Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.
B.Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.
C.Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.
D.Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.
13.Welearnfromthecouple'sshoppingexperiencebackhomethat
A.theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.
B.theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.
C.streetmarketsweretheirfavourite.
D.theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.
14.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul
A.guidebooksareveryuseful.
B.aprofessionalguideisamust.
C.onehastobepreparedforquestions.
D.onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.
15.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT
A.religiousprayers.
B.historicalbuildings.
C.local-stylemarkets.
D.shoppingmallboutiques.(根据本文,shoppingmallboutiques是讲述者在国内购物的去处)
TEXTB
Lastmonththefirstbaby-boomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Thelooming"demographiccliff"willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdispatchedfromthelabourforce.
Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld(16题答案D出处).WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged20-29willdecreaseby20%.InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnitedStatesthenumberofworkersaged55-64willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthesametimeasthe35-to44-year-oldsdeclineby10%.
Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65,companieshavealoomingproblemofknowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheirexpertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheire-mailaddress.Asurveyofhuman-resourcesdirectorsbyIBMlastyearconcluded:
"Whenthebaby-boomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolatethatacareer'sworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid."Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefence,forexample,asmuchas40%oftheworkforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,thenumberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.
Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.EarlierthisyeartheLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehetriedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompanythere.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?
Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolderworkers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover-50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemployersofitsmembers.Health-carefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustriesmostinneedofskilledlabour.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas,energyandgovernment.NearthetopoftheAARP'slatestlistcomesDeere&Company,ano-nonsenseindustrial-equipmentmanufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeere's46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthemareintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat–flexibleworking(17D),telecommuting,andsoforth(17A)-alsocoincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends"alotoftime"ontheergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemforlonger(19题答案D出处,根据上下文和ergonimics的字面意思thebranchofengineeringscienceinwhichbiologicalscienceisusedtostudytherelationbetweenworkersandtheirenvironments).
Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworld'smostadvancedmanufacturer,hasadapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlabouravailabletotheautomotiveindustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthatexpresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks(17B).IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeopleforparticularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessional-servicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,andabout25%ofits"experienced"newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat"althoughcorporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue."Almostthree-quartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashortageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthatshortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEuropeandAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboards-thiswhenthepoolofretiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.
Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?