人教版初二下英语第18讲unit9语法篇学生版张晶.docx
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人教版初二下英语第18讲unit9语法篇学生版张晶
Unit9语法篇
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学生通过本讲学习,能够掌握本单元的重点语法,并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。
现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
—It’s so dark. 太黑了。
—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间,since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。
Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还住这儿)
Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。
(从2003年开始,持续到现在还住这儿)
(3) 基本结构及句型转换:
主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。
)
①肯定句:
主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)
②否定句:
主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)
③一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)
(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :
去了(现在不在说话现场)
Eg. ---Where is your father?
---He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :
去过(已不在去过的地方)
Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in:
呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.
(5)现在完成时的标志:
①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用,强调动作的完成,不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan?
I have just finished my homework.
②for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.
(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化
规则变化:
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。
如:
pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。
如:
like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。
如:
study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:
stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化:
5. 以不变应万变。
如:
let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。
如:
feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
7. 结尾的字母d变t。
如:
lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。
如:
buy → bought → bought;
bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
1.——Haveyouever_____toazoo?
——Yes,butonlyonce.IvisitedBeijingZoolastyear.
A.goneB.beenC.visitedD.seen
2.They_____toTibetmanytimes.
A.areB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
3.NeithermysisternorI beentoAmericabefore.
A.
haveever
B.
havenever
C.
hasever
D.
hasnever
4.---我从来没有去过新图书馆。
---我也没有。
---Ihave tothenewlibrary.
--- I.
5.以前我从来没读过这么好笑的故事。
I never afunnystorylikethis.
基础演练
一、单项选择
1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I herseveraltimes.
A.
meet
B.
willmeet
C.
havemet
D.
met
2.---Look!
Somebody thesofa.
---Well,itwasn'tme.Ididn'tdoit.
A.
iscleaning
B.
wascleaning
C.
hascleaned
D.
hadcleaned
3.---Hello!
ThisisHenrySpeaking.I'dliketospeaktoyourfather.
---Sorry,hehas Shanghai.
A.
beenin
B.
beento
C.
goneto
D.
cometo
4.---Haveyoueverbeenanywhereforatrip?
---Atrip?
I awayfrommyhometownevenonce.
A.
went
B.
havegone
C.
havebeen
D.
haveneverbeen
5.--- youeverreadEnglishnewspapers?
---No,I .
A.
Do;do
B.
Do;have
C.
Have;have
D.
Have;haven't
6.---IsthisyourfirsttimetoXinjiang?
---No,I hereseveraltimes.
A.
havegone
B.
haven'tgone
C.
havebeen
D.
haven'tbeen
7.---HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?
---Iknowtheplaceverywell.I Sydneymanytimes.
A.
havebeenin
B.
havebeento
C.
havegoneto
D.
havearrivedin
8.---Ican'tfindmywatch. you itanywhere,Mum?
---No,never.Look!
What'sthatunderyourbook?
A.
Have;seen
B.
Had;seen
C.
Do;see
D.
Did;see
9.Tomhasn'tbeentoItaly ,buthehas beentoAmerica.He returnedfromNewYorkCity.
A.
already;yet;just
B.
yet;already;just
C.
already;never;just
D.
yet;already;never
10.---WhereisFrank?
---He thepostoffice.
A.
hasgoneto
B.
hasbeento
C.
hasgone
D.
hasbeen
二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
11.你去过北京香山吗?
you toMountXianginBeijing?
12.我已经把它写在这张纸上了。
I've it onthispieceofpaperalready.
13.我听说你父母到北京出差去了?
Ihearyourparents Beijing .
14.---你去过说英语的国家吗?
---没有去过。
--- youever English-speakingcountries?
---No,I .
15.他去了上海一个星期了,下周就回来。
He Shanghaif