朗文最常用3000词汇.pdf

朗文最常用3000词汇.pdf

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1LONGMANCOMMUNICATION3000LongmanCommunication3000TheLongmanCommunication3000isalistofthe3000mostfrequentwordsinbothspokenandwrittenEnglish,basedonstatisticalanalysisofthe390millionwordscontainedintheLongmanCorpusNetworkagroupofcorpusesordatabasesofauthenticEnglishlanguage.TheLongmanCommunication3000representsthecoreoftheEnglishlanguageandshowsstudentsofEnglishwhichwordsarethemostimportantforthemtolearnandstudyinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinbothspeechandwriting.AnalysisoftheLongmanCorpusNetworkshowsthatthese3000mostfrequentwordsinspokenandwrittenEnglishaccountfor86%ofthelanguage.Thismeansthatbyknowingthislistofwords,alearnerofEnglishisinapositiontounderstand86%ormoreofwhatheorshereads.Ofcourse,“knowing”awordinvolvesmorethansimplybeingabletorecogniseitandknowamainmeaningofit.Manyofthemostfrequentwordshavearangeofdifferentmeanings,avarietyofdifferentgrammaticalpatterns,andnumeroussignificantcollocations.Nonetheless,abasicunderstandingoftheLongmanCommunication3000isaverypowerfultoolandwillhelpstudentsdevelopgoodcomprehensionandcommunicationskillsinEnglish.Thisfrequencyinformationisgolddustforthelanguagelearner.LDOCEshowsingraphicandimmediateformwhichwordsarereallyworthlearningandknowinghowtouse.JeremyHarmer,ELTauthorToensurethatusershaveaccesstotheappropriateinformation,theLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishmarksallthewordsthatareintheLongmanCommunication3000inredaccompaniedbyspecialsymbols:

W1,W2,andW3forwordsthatareinthetop1000,2000and3000mostfrequentwordsinwrittenEnglish,andS1,S2andS3forthetop1000,2000and3000mostfrequentwordsinspokenEnglish.Nowadays,manylearnersdictionariesincludeinformationaboutthemostfrequentwordsinEnglish,butLongmandictionariesaretheonlyonestohighlightthedifferencesbetweenspokenandwrittenfrequency.Thesefrequencymarkersaddedtotheheadwordsinthedictionarygiveusersaccesstoawealthofinformationthatcanhelptheselectionoftheappropriatewordorphraseinavarietyofsituations.Notonlyarethewordsandmeaningsgivendescriptivelabels,forexampleformalorinformal,AmE（AmericanEnglish）orBrE（BritishEnglish）,humorous,old-fashioned,butnowtheyhavetheaddedinformationaboutrelativefrequencyinspokenandwrittenlanguage.Takeforexampletheverbbook（inthemeaningofbookatableatarestaurant）.ItismarkedasS2oneofthetop2000wordsofspokenEnglish.NotethatishasnomarkerforwrittenEnglishbecauseaccordingtocorpusanalysis,itisnotpartofthetop3000mostfrequentwordsinwrittenEnglish.However,theentryalsoindicatesthatasynonymforbookisreservewhichisinthetop3000mostfrequentwordsinwrittenEnglish.Theconclusiontobedrawnfromthisisthatinspeaking（forinstancewhenphoningahotelorrestaurant）,bookisthemostappropriateverbtousewhenaskingforaroomortabletobekeptforyou.Inwriting,however,itwouldbemoreappropriatetousereserve.TherearetwodistinctmodesofEnglish:

thoughtful,accurateandmoreformal,reflectedmostlybywrittenEnglish;andspontaneous,real-time,lessformallanguage,typifiedbyspontaneousspeechandsomeinformalwriting.ProfessorGeoffreyLeech,EmeritusProfessorofEnglishLanguageandLinguisticsUniversityofLancasterLearningalanguagecanbeexciting,butalsosometimesdifficultandfrustratingbecausetherearesomanythingstolearnanditisdifficulttoknowwhattofocuson.ThefrequencymarkersthatidentifytheLongmanCommunication3000helpstudentsseeclearlywhichwordsarefrequentinwrittenandspokenEnglish,andenablethemtofocusmoreattentiononmasteringthemeanings,grammaticalpatternsandcollocationsofthesewords.aindefinitearticle,determinerS1,W1abandonvW3abilitynS2,W1ableadjS1,W1aboutprepS1,W1aboutadvS1,W1aboveadv,prepS2,W1aboveadjW3abroadadvS2,W3absencenS3,W2absoluteadjS2,W3absolutelyadvS1,W3absorbvW3abusenS2,W3academicadjW2acceptvS1,W1acceptableadjS3,W3accessnS2,W1accidentnS2,W2accommodationnS2,W2accompanyvW2accordingtoprepS2,W1accountnS1,W1accountvS3,W2accurateadjS2,W3accusevW3achievevS2,W1achievementnS3,W2acidnW3acknowledgevS3,W3acquirevW2acrossadv,prepS1,W1actnS1,W1actvS2,W1actionnS1,W1activeadjS2,W2activistnS3activitynS2,W1actornW3actualadjS1,W2actuallyadvS1,W1adnS3,W3adaptvW3addvS1,W1additionnS3,W1additionaladjS3,W2addressnS2,W2addressvS2,W2adequateadjS3,W3adjustvW3administrationnS2,W2administrativeadjW3admirevS3admissionnW3admitvS2,W1adoptvS3,W2adultnS2,W2adultadjW3advancenS2,W2advancevW3advancedadjW3advantagenS2,W1advertnS3advertisevS3,W3advertisementnS3advertisingnW3advicenS2,W2advisevS2,W2