朗文最常用3000词汇.pdf

1、1LONGMAN COMMUNICATION 3000Longman Communication 3000The Longman Communication 3000 is a list of the 3000 most frequent words in both spoken and written English,based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network a group of corpuses or databases of authenti

2、c English language.The Longman Communication 3000 represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate effectively in both speech and writing.Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network shows that

3、these 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English account for 86%of the language.This means that by knowing this list of words,a learner of English is in a position to understand 86%or more of what he or she reads.Of course,“knowing”a word involves more than simply being able to recognise

4、 it and know a main meaning of it.Many of the most frequent words have a range of different meanings,a variety of different grammatical patterns,and numerous significant collocations.Nonetheless,a basic understanding of the Longman Communication 3000 is a very powerful tool and will help students de

5、velop good comprehension and communication skills in English.This frequency information is gold dust for the language learner.LDOCE shows in graphic and immediate form which words are really worth learning and knowing how to use.Jeremy Harmer,ELT authorTo ensure that users have access to the appropr

6、iate information,the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English marks all the words that are in the Longman Communication 3000 in red accompanied by special symbols:W1,W2,and W3 for words that are in the top 1000,2000 and 3000 most frequent words in written English,and S1,S2 and S3 for the top 1000,

7、2000 and 3000 most frequent words in spoken English.Nowadays,many learners dictionaries include information about the most frequent words in English,but Longman dictionaries are the only ones to highlight the differences between spoken and written frequency.These frequency markers added to the headw

8、ords in the dictionary give users access to a wealth of information that can help the selection of the appropriate word or phrase in a variety of situations.Not only are the words and meanings given descriptive labels,for example formal or informal,AmE(American English)or BrE(British English),humoro

9、us,old-fashioned,but now they have the added information about relative frequency in spoken and written language.Take for example the verb book(in the meaning of book a table at a restaurant).It is marked as S2 one of the top 2000 words of spoken English.Note that is has no marker for written Englis

10、h because according to corpus analysis,it is not part of the top 3000 most frequent words in written English.However,the entry also indicates that a synonym for book is reserve which is in the top 3000 most frequent words in written English.The conclusion to be drawn from this is that in speaking(fo

11、r instance when phoning a hotel or restaurant),book is the most appropriate verb to use when asking for a room or table to be kept for you.In writing,however,it would be more appropriate to use reserve.There are two distinct modes of English:thoughtful,accurate and more formal,reflected mostly by wr

12、itten English;and spontaneous,real-time,less formal language,typified by spontaneous speech and some informal writing.Professor Geoffrey Leech,Emeritus Professor of English Language and Linguistics University of LancasterLearning a language can be exciting,but also sometimes difficult and frustratin

13、g because there are so many things to learn and it is difficult to know what to focus on.The frequency markers that identify the Longman Communication 3000 help students see clearly which words are frequent in written and spoken English,and enable them to focus more attention on mastering the meanin

14、gs,grammatical patterns and collocations of these words.a indefinite article,determiner S1,W1abandon v W3ability n S2,W1able adj S1,W1about prep S1,W1about adv S1,W1above adv,prep S2,W1above adj W3abroad adv S2,W3absence n S3,W2absolute adj S2,W3absolutely adv S1,W3absorb v W3abuse n S2,W3academic a

15、dj W2accept v S1,W1acceptable adj S3,W3access n S2,W1accident n S2,W2accommodation n S2,W2accompany v W2according to prep S2,W1account n S1,W1account v S3,W2accurate adj S2,W3accuse v W3achieve v S2,W1achievement n S3,W2acid n W3acknowledge v S3,W3acquire v W2across adv,prep S1,W1act n S1,W1act v S2

16、,W1action n S1,W1active adj S2,W2activist n S3activity n S2,W1actor n W3actual adj S1,W2actually adv S1,W1ad n S3,W3adapt v W3add v S1,W1addition n S3,W1additional adj S3,W2address n S2,W2address v S2,W2adequate adj S3,W3adjust v W3administration n S2,W2administrative adj W3admire v S3admission n W3admit v S2,W1adopt v S3,W2adult n S2,W2adult adj W3advance n S2,W2advance v W3advanced adj W3advantage n S2,W1advert n S3advertise v S3,W3advertisement n S3advertising n W3advice n S2,W2advise v S2,W2