银行家感知不良贷款的成因在银行外文翻译.docx

银行家感知不良贷款的成因在银行外文翻译.docx

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银行家感知不良贷款的成因在银行外文翻译

外文翻译

原文

Bankers’PerceptionsonCausesofBadLoansinBanks

MaterialSource:

IIMTAuthor:

GunjanM.Sanjeev

Amajorproblembeingobservedallovertheworldinthebankingsectoristheproblemofbadloans.Thefirststepofbuildingastableandstrongfinancialsystemistominimizethenon-performingloans.AspertheofficialfiguresofIMF（2001）,thebaddebtsasaproportionoftotalloansis2.5%forUS,5.4%forKorea,12.5%forIndia,19.3forMalaysia,25%forChinaand45%forThailand.Thenon-performingloanshavebeenamatterofconcernforallthenationsacrosstheglobe.

ReserveBankofIndia（RBI）definesNPAas:

Anasset,includingaleasedasset,becomesnon-performingwhenitceasestogenerateincomeforthebank.A‘nonperformingasset’（NPA）isdefinedasacreditfacilityinrespectofwhichtheinterestand/orinstallmentofprincipalhasremained‘pastdue’foraspecifiedperiodoftime（90days,March31,2004onwards）.

Ithasbeenobservedthatthefailingbankshaveoftenshownalevelofbadloans.Anumberofresearcheshaveindicatedthatsuchailingbanksareinnowaynearthebestpracticefrontier（Barretal.1994;Bergeretal.1997）.Someresearcheshaveclearlyindicatedanegativeimpactofbadloansontheefficienciesofthebanks（Resti,1995）.“Increaseinnonperformingloanstendtobefollowedbydecreaseinmeasuredcostefficiency,suggestingthathighlevelsofproblemloanscausebankstoincreasespendingonmonitoring,workingout,and/orsellingofftheseloans,andpossiblybecomemorediligentinadministeringtheportionoftheirexistingloanportfoliothatiscurrentlyperforming”（Berger,etal.1997）.

Thenon-performingloanshavebeenfoundtobeinfluencedbybothendogenousandexogenousfactorstothebank.Thusitbecomesimportanttostudyandidentifythekeyfactorsthatcontributetolargelevelsofbadloansinbanksacrossthecountries.Inrecenttimes,toughinitiativessuchastheSecuritizationActcoupledwithotherinitiativessuchastheCorporateDebtRestructuring（CDR）mechanismhavebeentakenupbythepolicymakers.These,too,arenotfreefrombottlenecks.Further,theyareapostreactivemechanismtohandleloansthathavealreadygonebad.ThusitisimperativetodeterminewhatcausestheNPAssothatbankersandpolicymakerscanadoptapro-activeapproach.

Methodology

ObjectivesoftheStudy

Theobjectivesofthestudyaretoidentifytheendogenous（internal）andexogenous（external）factors,whicharecontributingtotherisinglevelsofbadloansinthebankingsector.

Definitions

Endogenous（Internal）factorsaredefinedtobethosefactorsthatareunderthecontrolofthebank.Thetermsendogenousandinternalhavebeenusedinterchangeablylaterinthepaper.Theinternalfactorshavebeenbroadlyclassifiedtoberelatedtoeitherthe“appraisal”mechanismorthe“monitoringandcontrollingmechanism”.

Appraisalmechanismreferstotheevaluationoftheloanapplicationsoastojudgewhetheranapplicantshouldbegrantedaloanornot.

MonitoringandControllingmechanismreferstothepostloandisbursalactivitiesofthebankmanagersthatcontributetotimelypaymentofinterest/

principalrepaymentbytheborrower.

Exogenous（External）factorsaredefinedtobethosethatarebeyondthecontrolofthebank.

ThefactorsbeingconsideredarelistedinTable1andTable2.

DataCollectionTools

Mostofthestudiescarriedoutinthesphereofbadloanshavebeenbasedonthesecondarydata.ThisstudyhasusedprimarydatafromcommercialbanksoperatinginIndia.Thedatacollectiontoolisastructuredquestionnaire,whichhasbeendesignedonthebasisofsemi-structuredinterviewswithafewcreditmanagers.Thespecializednatureofdesiredinformationmeantthatparticipantshadtobecreditmanagerswhowereknowledgeableabouttheresearchtopic.

Theparametersareinternalandexternalfactors,whichhavebeencarefullyidentified.

Sampling

Thesampleconsistsof37respondentsfromtheIndiancommercialbanks.Thesampleincludesrepresentationfrompublic,privateandforeignbanks.Bankswerechosenusingrandomsamplingandthebrancheswerechosenusingpurposivesampling.

Thequestionnaireswerefilledupinfrontoftheresearcher.Therespondentswereaskedtoratethelevelofinfluenceofthevariousfactorsgiveninthequestionnairesona5-pointscalewhere“0”referstonil,“1”referstolow,“2”refersto

medium,“3”referstohighand“4”referstoveryhigh.

FormulationofHypotheses

Firstly,internalfactorsareconsideredasagroup.Then,theinternalfactorsrelatedto“appraisal”and“monitoringandcontrol”aretakenseparatelysothatitcanbeseenthatwhichoutofthetwocategoriesneedshigherattention.Similarly,the

impactofexternalfactorsonthewholeisinvestigated.Subsequently,ahypothesisis

formulatedforeachoftheinternalandexternalfactorstoidentifythemostcriticalone