材料科学与工程基础作业讲评-6.pptx
《材料科学与工程基础作业讲评-6.pptx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《材料科学与工程基础作业讲评-6.pptx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
第九次作业中文,4-1:
铝的弹性模量为70GPa,泊松比为0.34,在83MPa的静水压时,此单位晶胞的体积是多少?
由E=3K(1-2)得K=E/3(1-2)=70Gpa/3(1-2*0.34)=72.9GpaV/V=/K=83Mpa/72.9GPa=1.14V=4.04963*10-30*(1-1.14)=66.310-30(m3),4-3直径为12.83mm的试棒,标距长度为50mm,轴向受200kN的作用力后拉长0.456mm,且直径变成12.79mm,(a)此试棒的体积模量是多少?
(b)剪切模量是多少?
解:
=F/S=F/(d2/4)=1.56GPa=L/L=0.456/50=0.912%正弹性模量:
E=/=1.56Gpa/0.912%=172.9Gpa泊松比:
=-eY/eX=-(12.79-12.83)/12.83/0.912%=0.342(a)体积模量:
K=E/3(1-2)=172.9/3(1-2*0.342)=182Gpa(b)剪切模量:
G=E/(2(1+)=172.9/2*(1+0.342)=64Gpa,英文书,7.20Acylindricalmetalspecimen15.0mmindiameterand150mmlongistobesubjectedtoatensilestressof50Mpa;atthisstressleveltheresultingdeformationwillbetotallyelastic.(a)Iftheelongationmustbelessthan0.072mm,whichofthemetalsinTable7.1aresuitablecandidates?
Why?
=l/l0=0.072mm/150mm=0.00048=E,E=/=50MPa/0.00048=104GPa要使l104MPa,因此inTable7.1,themetalsofTungsten,steel,nickel,titaniumandcopperaresuitablecandidates.,(b)If,inaddition,themaximumpermissiblediameterdecreaseis2.310-3mm,whichofthemetalsinTable7.1maybeused?
Why?
y=d/d0=0.0023mm/15mm=0.000153v=-y/x=0.000153/0.00048=0.319要使d0.0023mm,则v0.319,因此inTable7.1,themetalsofTungsten,steelandnickelmaybeused.,7.24Acylindricalrod380mmlong,havingadiameterof10.0mm,istobesubjectedtoatensileload.Iftherodistoexperienceneitherplasticdeformationnoranelongationofmorethan0.9mmwhentheappliedloadis24,500N,whichofthefourmetalsoralloyslistedbelowarepossiblecandidates?
=F/A0=F/(d02/4)=24500N/(3.14*102mm2/4)=312MPa,因此从屈服强度来看,只有SteelalloyandBrassalloy才有可能。
另外:
=l/l0=0.9mm/380mm=0.00237=E,E=/=312MPa/0.00237=131MPa,因此,l大于131MPa,因此Steelalloy合适。
7.47Asteelspecimenhavingarectangularcrosssectionofdimensions19mm3.2mm(0.75in0.125in.)hasthestressstrainbehaviorshowninFigure7.33.Ifthisspecimenissubjectedtoatensileforceof33,400N(7,500lbf),then(a)Determinetheelasticandplasticstrainvalues.(b)Ifitsoriginallengthis460mm(18in.),whatwillbeitsfinallengthaftertheloadinpartaisappliedandthenreleased?
(a)Determinetheelasticandplasticstrainvalues.弹性变形应变数值大约:
0-0.0015,塑性变形:
0.0015,(b)Ifitsoriginallengthis460mm(18in.),whatwillbeitsfinallengthaftertheloadinpartaisappliedandthenreleased?
E=slope=/=(2-1)/(2-1)=(300-0)MPa/(0.0013-0)=231GPa=F/A0=F/(a*b)=33400N/(19*3.2mm2)=549.3MPa图中可知,在该应力时的总应变为总=0.005,最大弹性为:
弹=0.0015去除应力后弹性应变回复,故长度为:
l0*(1+总-弹)=460*(1+0.0050.0015)=461.61mm,8.24(a)Show,foratensiletest,thatifthereisnochangeinspecimenvolumeduringthedeformationprocess(i.e.,A0l0=Adld).CW%=(A0-Ad)/A0100=(1-Ad/A0)*100A0l0=Adld,Ad/A0=l0/ld=l0/(l0+l)=1/(l0+l)/l0=1/1+所以CW%=(A0-Ad)/A0100=(1-Ad/A0)100=1-1/(1+)100=/(1+)100,即上式。
(b)Usingtheresultofparta,computethepercentcoldworkexperiencedbynavalbrass(thestressstrainbehaviorofwhichisshowninFigure7.12)whenastressof400MPaisapplied.=0.12CW%=/(1+)100=0.12/(1+0.12)100%=10.7%,4-6.已知温度为25时五种高聚物的性能,用下面列的名称来识别是哪种高聚物,并说明原因。
a.拉伸强度伸长率冲击强度(悬臂梁)弹性模量MPa%NmMPa103
(1)62.111019.042.41551.800.416.9027.6724.080.82869.001.096.9017.32005.440.414名称:
环氧树脂、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、酚醛树脂、聚碳酸酯,思考题,
(1)PC;
(2)酚醛;(3)HDPE;(4)环氧树脂;(5)PTFE,4-14.有哪些途径可以提高材料的刚性?
复合材料、提高材料刚性、结晶、交联、提高分子量、热处理,7.22Citetheprimarydifferencesbetweenelastic,anelastic,andplasticdeformationbehaviors.分别从概念、原子论角度、施加应力后的应变、材料的差别(或对应的材料)等几个方面阐述。
8.18Describeinyourownwordsthethreestrengtheningmechanismsdiscussedinthischapter(i.e.,grainsizereduction,solidsolutionstrengthening,andstrainhardening).Besuretoexplainhowdislocationsareinvolvedineachofthestrengtheningtechniques.Grainsizereduction:
晶粒尺寸减少,位错时滑移减少方向的改变;原子位置不连续减少。
Solidsolutionstrengthening:
加入不同种的原子相成形成固溶体或合金,这些加入的原子限制位错移动。
Strainhardening:
先施加应力产生位错。
而位错之间的作用是排斥的,结果是存在的一个位错限制另一位错的移动。