作文GM Food.docx

作文GM Food.docx

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作文GMFood

Althoughgeneticallymodifiedfoodshavemanyadvantages,therearealsomanystudiesshowingthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodshavemanyflaws.InDecember22,2009,theSupremeCounciloftheFrenchbiotechnology（法国生物技术最高委员会）declaredthatcultivationofgeneticallymodifiedmaizeis"moreharmthangood."Intheendof2009,theU.S.DepartmentofHealth（美国卫生部）madeasciencepaperthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodscancausedamagetointernalorgans.InMay2009,AmericanInstituteofEnvironmentalMedicine（美国环境医学学会）issuedastatementstronglytorecommendpeoplenottoeatgeneticallymodifiedandeducatethecommunitiestoavoideatinggeneticallymodifiedfoods.Recently,adebateaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoodsbetweenFangZhouziandCuiYongyuanhasattractedmanypeople’seyes.

Fangappealedtopeopletocomeandenjoygeneticallymodifiedfoodsatmicro-bloggingwhichhethoughtisnoharmtowardshuman.Ofcourse,thisisnotonlyhisidea.ItrepresentspartofhumanwhohavegreatconfidenceanddeterminationtomakeGMfoodbecomepopular.Meanwhile,Cui’squestionrepresentstheworryandanxietyofthegeneralpubliconGM,becausenoonecanguaranteewhatwillhappenifpeopleeatgeneticallymodifiedfoodsforalongtime.SuchdebatehasbothbeeninChinaandinternational.Thistime,thetwocelebritiesputthisissueinfrontofpeopleagain,Ithinkwehavetogetmoreknowledgeaboutit.

Firstly,geneticallymodified（gm）referstotheartificialseparation（人工分离）andmodifiedgenes（修饰过的基因）importedintothepurposeofthegenomeoftheorganism,soastoachievethepurposeofthemodifiedorganisms.Geneticallymodified（gm）isgenerallydonebysexualreproduction.Peopleoftensay"geneticengineering","geneticengineering"（基因工程）,"genetictransformation"（遗传转化）aresynonymouswithgeneticallymodified（gm）.Andthenthegeneticallymodifiedfoodsareproducedinsuchway.

Thenlet’slookbacktothehistory.Intheearly1990s,thefirstgeneticallymodifiedfoodswasproducedintheUnitedStatesthatwasafreshtomato.Sincethengeneticallymodifiedfoodsbecomemoreandmorepopular.InMarch2000,theclonedpigswereborn.Followed,whethertoeatgeneticallymodifiedfoodbecomesadebatebothinEuropeandAmerica.Accordingtothestatistics,theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration（食品和药物管理局）hasidentified43kindsofgeneticallymodifiedvarietieswhichmakesTheUnitedStatesthelargestcountryingeneticallymodifiedfoods.InAmerica,60%oftheprocessedfoodscontaingeneticallymodifiedingredients,including90%ofsoybean,50%ofcorn,andwheataretransgenic.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweengeneticallymodifiedfoodsandordinaryfood,butgeneticallymodifiedplantsandanimalshaveadistinctadvantage,suchashigh-yield（高产）,insectresistance（抗虫）,anti-viral（抗病毒）andanti-herbicide（抗除草剂）.WhatIhavetosayisthatwiththeapplicationoftransgenictechnologythefoodshortageproblemhasbeensolvedtosomeextent,theuseofpesticidehasbeenreduced,andtheenvironmentalpollutioncanalsobeavoided.

Fromtheabove,wemaythinktheU.S.seemstoadvocateeatinggeneticallymodifiedfoods.ButitisundeniablethatevenintheUnitedStates,thedebatearoundthegeneticallymodifiedfoodhasnotbeeneliminated.Japanhasevenpromotedorganicfoodsvigorouslytotrytoreducegeneticallymodifiedfood.Europehasalsoadoptedastrictmarketaccesssystem.EvenintheUnitedStates,therearenodirecttransgenictechnologyforhumanstaplefood.

Debate:

GMFOOD

（ChinaDaily）

Permissiontoallowfieldtrialsofgeneticallymodified（GM）riceseedhasraisedfoodsafetyconcerns.AscientistandajournalisttakeanopposingstandtoaUSpoliticalscienceprofessor.

WangChaohua:

Dangersarethereforalltosee

Debate:

GMFOOD

China'sfoodsafetylawsandregulationsarelargelybasedontheguidelinesoftheUSFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）.ButaretheFDAprescriptionsreliableenough?

In1992,theFDAturnedablindeyetostrongprotestsandeventheoppositionofitsownscientiststostatethatgeneticallymodified（GM）foodsareassafeasanyforhumanconsumptionand,hence,therewasnoneedtogiveanexplanationaboutGMfoods.Thismovewaswidelycriticizedasarbitrary,giventheroleoneMichaelTaylorplayedinthecase.

TaylorwasthenassistantFDAcommissionerbutsoonlefttoserveaschieflegaladvisertoMonsanto,theworld'slargestseedcompany.Moreover,anewlawdraftedbyTaylordidnotconsiderfactsfoundinaresearchfrom1958thatillegalpesticidesandfoodadditivescouldcausecancer.

FoodsafetylawsinChinahavebecomeasubjectofpublicdebateagainaftertheMinistryofAgriculturegrantedpermissiontocarryouttrialswithGMriceseed.

GMseedcompaniesclaimtheirproductscouldraisecropoutputby15to40percent,whichmanyexpertsbelievetobeanexaggeration.Whathasbeenproved,instead,isthatGMseedareunabletoadapttoabruptclimatechangesandmaythuscausesharpdropinoutput.Lastyear,SouthAfricanfarmerswhohadplantedMonsanto'sGMcornseeds820,000hectaresreportedcropfailure.

Thisisascaryfact.AndChina,whichhasahugepopulationtofeed,cannottaketherisktotryoutGMgrainseeds.ScarieristhefactthatGMseedsleadfarmersintoaviciouscycle-themorecropfailuretheysuffer,thedeepertheygetintothecycle.

GMseedcompaniesalsoclaimtheirproductsrequiremuchlessuseofpesticides.ButstatisticsshownoconsiderablereductionintheuseofpesticidesonfarmswhereGMseedshadbeenplanted.Instead,GMseedsraiseabighealthconcern:

Thesharpincreaseintheuseweedkillergenes,introducedgeneticallyintheseeds.Thesegenescanenterthehumanbody.Asearlyas2000,GermanscientistsworkingonGMcolzapollenfoundtheuseofweedkillergeneshadalteredhoneybees'entericgeneticstructure.

CannotthiskindofgenetransformationoccurinhumanswhoconsumeGMfood?

ExperimentsonanimalshaveprovedthatGMfoodshavethepotentialtocauseserioushealthdamageeveninaveryshortperiod.ThesetestsshowGMfoodscanharmanimals'reproductivesystemsandraiseinfantmortalityrates.

GMfoods'genemodificationcouldtakegenerationstosuitthehumanbody.GMfoodsnotonlyhavethepotentialofharmingthehumanbody,butalsoofcausingirrecoverabledamagetothesoil,thatis,biologicalpollution,whichismoredangerousthanchemicalpollution.Researchhasshowngenesofmicro-organismsandweedshaveundergonechangesinfarmswhereGMseedshadbeenplanted.

Butwhatcanthepoorendconsumerdounderthepressureofthemulti-billion-dollarGMseedindustry?

TakethecaseofFoxTVforexample.TheTVchannel,underallegedpressurefromMonsanto,firedtwoofitsreporterswhotriedtoexposeGMfoods'fortheharmtheycouldcausetohumans.In2008,FrenchindependentfilmmakerMarie-MoniqueRobin'sdocumentary,TheWorldAccordingtoMonsanto,wasbannedfrombeingscreenedintheUS.Perhaps,onlytheEUtakesaseriousandprudentviewofGMcrops.TheEUhasstrictrulesthatmakeitmandatoryforGMfoodstocarrylabelswithdetailedinformationonthematerialstheycontain.

ChinashouldhavetakenalltheaboveintoconsiderationbeforeallowingtrialsofGMriceseeds.

Debate:

GMFOOD

XiongLei:

Decisionshouldbelefttoendusers

Thegovernment'sapprovaltogrowgeneticallymodified（GM）rice,thoughonatrialbasis,hasagaintriggeredacontroversyoverwhetherChinashouldtaketheleadinsubjectingastaplefoodcroptothistechnology.

It'snotsurprisingtoseeGM-seedadvocatescondemnopponentsfortheir"ignorance"ofbiotechnologyand"phobia"foranythingobtainedthroughgeneticmodification.ChampionsofbiotechnologywillpresentallsortsofdataandevidencetoassurepeoplethatGMriceissafe.

Debate:

GMFOOD

YetthecorequestionconcerningtheGMriceissueisnotwhetheritissafebutwhetherpeople'srightswillbehonored,especiallytheirforemostrighttochoosewhattheyeat.DopeoplehavetherightnottoconsumeGMriceandotherGMcrops?

WilltheMinistryofAgriculture（MOA）guaranteepeopletheirrighttochoosenon-GMfood?

EvenifapersonisconvincedthatGMriceissafe,heorsheshouldnotbeforcedtoconsumeit.AndGMseedcompaniesshouldnotbeallowedtochangethesituationinthefarmingsectortosuchanextentthatpeoplewouldbeleftwithnooptionbuttoconsumeGMrice.

Suchaworryisnotgroundless.Yearsago,GMcottonseedswereintroducedtoChinawithouttellingfarmerswhattheywere.Theyweremarketedas"supercotton"seeds.Asaresult,alargenumberoffarmersacrossthecountryhadbegungrowing"supercotton"seedsevenbeforeitreceivedofficialapproval.

Wethankedheaventhat（GM）cottonwasnotafoodcrop.ButfoodcropswerenotsparedtheGMdoseforlong.GMsoybeanandcornbegandominatingouredibleoilmarketevenbeforewebecameawareofit.TheMOAactuallystillowesusanexplanationforthis.

WecannotsurrenderourrightsagaintochoosewhatwewanttogrowandeatnowthattheMOAhasagreedtoconducttrialswithGMriceseeds.Wehavetheright,andthatrightissacred,torefuseGMriceonourdinnertables.

Soiftheministry'sdecisiontoconducttrialswithGMriceseedsisirreversible,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethefieldsitisplantedonaresegregatedanddonotpollutenon-GMricefields.TheMOAhastotakestepstopunishanyviolation,too.

Nextcomespeople'srighttoknow.ApartfromthepossibleGMingredientscontainedinfoodpacketsonsupermarketshelves,weshouldbeconvincedthatGMriceisnottheonlysolutiontothefoodproblemwearefacingorarelikelytofa