作文GM Food.docx
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作文GMFood
Althoughgeneticallymodifiedfoodshavemanyadvantages,therearealsomanystudiesshowingthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodshavemanyflaws.InDecember22,2009,theSupremeCounciloftheFrenchbiotechnology(法国生物技术最高委员会)declaredthatcultivationofgeneticallymodifiedmaizeis"moreharmthangood."Intheendof2009,theU.S.DepartmentofHealth(美国卫生部)madeasciencepaperthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodscancausedamagetointernalorgans.InMay2009,AmericanInstituteofEnvironmentalMedicine(美国环境医学学会)issuedastatementstronglytorecommendpeoplenottoeatgeneticallymodifiedandeducatethecommunitiestoavoideatinggeneticallymodifiedfoods.Recently,adebateaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoodsbetweenFangZhouziandCuiYongyuanhasattractedmanypeople’seyes.
Fangappealedtopeopletocomeandenjoygeneticallymodifiedfoodsatmicro-bloggingwhichhethoughtisnoharmtowardshuman.Ofcourse,thisisnotonlyhisidea.ItrepresentspartofhumanwhohavegreatconfidenceanddeterminationtomakeGMfoodbecomepopular.Meanwhile,Cui’squestionrepresentstheworryandanxietyofthegeneralpubliconGM,becausenoonecanguaranteewhatwillhappenifpeopleeatgeneticallymodifiedfoodsforalongtime.SuchdebatehasbothbeeninChinaandinternational.Thistime,thetwocelebritiesputthisissueinfrontofpeopleagain,Ithinkwehavetogetmoreknowledgeaboutit.
Firstly,geneticallymodified(gm)referstotheartificialseparation(人工分离)andmodifiedgenes(修饰过的基因)importedintothepurposeofthegenomeoftheorganism,soastoachievethepurposeofthemodifiedorganisms.Geneticallymodified(gm)isgenerallydonebysexualreproduction.Peopleoftensay"geneticengineering","geneticengineering"(基因工程),"genetictransformation"(遗传转化)aresynonymouswithgeneticallymodified(gm).Andthenthegeneticallymodifiedfoodsareproducedinsuchway.
Thenlet’slookbacktothehistory.Intheearly1990s,thefirstgeneticallymodifiedfoodswasproducedintheUnitedStatesthatwasafreshtomato.Sincethengeneticallymodifiedfoodsbecomemoreandmorepopular.InMarch2000,theclonedpigswereborn.Followed,whethertoeatgeneticallymodifiedfoodbecomesadebatebothinEuropeandAmerica.Accordingtothestatistics,theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(食品和药物管理局)hasidentified43kindsofgeneticallymodifiedvarietieswhichmakesTheUnitedStatesthelargestcountryingeneticallymodifiedfoods.InAmerica,60%oftheprocessedfoodscontaingeneticallymodifiedingredients,including90%ofsoybean,50%ofcorn,andwheataretransgenic.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweengeneticallymodifiedfoodsandordinaryfood,butgeneticallymodifiedplantsandanimalshaveadistinctadvantage,suchashigh-yield(高产),insectresistance(抗虫),anti-viral(抗病毒)andanti-herbicide(抗除草剂).WhatIhavetosayisthatwiththeapplicationoftransgenictechnologythefoodshortageproblemhasbeensolvedtosomeextent,theuseofpesticidehasbeenreduced,andtheenvironmentalpollutioncanalsobeavoided.
Fromtheabove,wemaythinktheU.S.seemstoadvocateeatinggeneticallymodifiedfoods.ButitisundeniablethatevenintheUnitedStates,thedebatearoundthegeneticallymodifiedfoodhasnotbeeneliminated.Japanhasevenpromotedorganicfoodsvigorouslytotrytoreducegeneticallymodifiedfood.Europehasalsoadoptedastrictmarketaccesssystem.EvenintheUnitedStates,therearenodirecttransgenictechnologyforhumanstaplefood.
Debate:
GMFOOD
(ChinaDaily)
Permissiontoallowfieldtrialsofgeneticallymodified(GM)riceseedhasraisedfoodsafetyconcerns.AscientistandajournalisttakeanopposingstandtoaUSpoliticalscienceprofessor.
WangChaohua:
Dangersarethereforalltosee
Debate:
GMFOOD
China'sfoodsafetylawsandregulationsarelargelybasedontheguidelinesoftheUSFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA).ButaretheFDAprescriptionsreliableenough?
In1992,theFDAturnedablindeyetostrongprotestsandeventheoppositionofitsownscientiststostatethatgeneticallymodified(GM)foodsareassafeasanyforhumanconsumptionand,hence,therewasnoneedtogiveanexplanationaboutGMfoods.Thismovewaswidelycriticizedasarbitrary,giventheroleoneMichaelTaylorplayedinthecase.
TaylorwasthenassistantFDAcommissionerbutsoonlefttoserveaschieflegaladvisertoMonsanto,theworld'slargestseedcompany.Moreover,anewlawdraftedbyTaylordidnotconsiderfactsfoundinaresearchfrom1958thatillegalpesticidesandfoodadditivescouldcausecancer.
FoodsafetylawsinChinahavebecomeasubjectofpublicdebateagainaftertheMinistryofAgriculturegrantedpermissiontocarryouttrialswithGMriceseed.
GMseedcompaniesclaimtheirproductscouldraisecropoutputby15to40percent,whichmanyexpertsbelievetobeanexaggeration.Whathasbeenproved,instead,isthatGMseedareunabletoadapttoabruptclimatechangesandmaythuscausesharpdropinoutput.Lastyear,SouthAfricanfarmerswhohadplantedMonsanto'sGMcornseeds820,000hectaresreportedcropfailure.
Thisisascaryfact.AndChina,whichhasahugepopulationtofeed,cannottaketherisktotryoutGMgrainseeds.ScarieristhefactthatGMseedsleadfarmersintoaviciouscycle-themorecropfailuretheysuffer,thedeepertheygetintothecycle.
GMseedcompaniesalsoclaimtheirproductsrequiremuchlessuseofpesticides.ButstatisticsshownoconsiderablereductionintheuseofpesticidesonfarmswhereGMseedshadbeenplanted.Instead,GMseedsraiseabighealthconcern:
Thesharpincreaseintheuseweedkillergenes,introducedgeneticallyintheseeds.Thesegenescanenterthehumanbody.Asearlyas2000,GermanscientistsworkingonGMcolzapollenfoundtheuseofweedkillergeneshadalteredhoneybees'entericgeneticstructure.
CannotthiskindofgenetransformationoccurinhumanswhoconsumeGMfood?
ExperimentsonanimalshaveprovedthatGMfoodshavethepotentialtocauseserioushealthdamageeveninaveryshortperiod.ThesetestsshowGMfoodscanharmanimals'reproductivesystemsandraiseinfantmortalityrates.
GMfoods'genemodificationcouldtakegenerationstosuitthehumanbody.GMfoodsnotonlyhavethepotentialofharmingthehumanbody,butalsoofcausingirrecoverabledamagetothesoil,thatis,biologicalpollution,whichismoredangerousthanchemicalpollution.Researchhasshowngenesofmicro-organismsandweedshaveundergonechangesinfarmswhereGMseedshadbeenplanted.
Butwhatcanthepoorendconsumerdounderthepressureofthemulti-billion-dollarGMseedindustry?
TakethecaseofFoxTVforexample.TheTVchannel,underallegedpressurefromMonsanto,firedtwoofitsreporterswhotriedtoexposeGMfoods'fortheharmtheycouldcausetohumans.In2008,FrenchindependentfilmmakerMarie-MoniqueRobin'sdocumentary,TheWorldAccordingtoMonsanto,wasbannedfrombeingscreenedintheUS.Perhaps,onlytheEUtakesaseriousandprudentviewofGMcrops.TheEUhasstrictrulesthatmakeitmandatoryforGMfoodstocarrylabelswithdetailedinformationonthematerialstheycontain.
ChinashouldhavetakenalltheaboveintoconsiderationbeforeallowingtrialsofGMriceseeds.
Debate:
GMFOOD
XiongLei:
Decisionshouldbelefttoendusers
Thegovernment'sapprovaltogrowgeneticallymodified(GM)rice,thoughonatrialbasis,hasagaintriggeredacontroversyoverwhetherChinashouldtaketheleadinsubjectingastaplefoodcroptothistechnology.
It'snotsurprisingtoseeGM-seedadvocatescondemnopponentsfortheir"ignorance"ofbiotechnologyand"phobia"foranythingobtainedthroughgeneticmodification.ChampionsofbiotechnologywillpresentallsortsofdataandevidencetoassurepeoplethatGMriceissafe.
Debate:
GMFOOD
YetthecorequestionconcerningtheGMriceissueisnotwhetheritissafebutwhetherpeople'srightswillbehonored,especiallytheirforemostrighttochoosewhattheyeat.DopeoplehavetherightnottoconsumeGMriceandotherGMcrops?
WilltheMinistryofAgriculture(MOA)guaranteepeopletheirrighttochoosenon-GMfood?
EvenifapersonisconvincedthatGMriceissafe,heorsheshouldnotbeforcedtoconsumeit.AndGMseedcompaniesshouldnotbeallowedtochangethesituationinthefarmingsectortosuchanextentthatpeoplewouldbeleftwithnooptionbuttoconsumeGMrice.
Suchaworryisnotgroundless.Yearsago,GMcottonseedswereintroducedtoChinawithouttellingfarmerswhattheywere.Theyweremarketedas"supercotton"seeds.Asaresult,alargenumberoffarmersacrossthecountryhadbegungrowing"supercotton"seedsevenbeforeitreceivedofficialapproval.
Wethankedheaventhat(GM)cottonwasnotafoodcrop.ButfoodcropswerenotsparedtheGMdoseforlong.GMsoybeanandcornbegandominatingouredibleoilmarketevenbeforewebecameawareofit.TheMOAactuallystillowesusanexplanationforthis.
WecannotsurrenderourrightsagaintochoosewhatwewanttogrowandeatnowthattheMOAhasagreedtoconducttrialswithGMriceseeds.Wehavetheright,andthatrightissacred,torefuseGMriceonourdinnertables.
Soiftheministry'sdecisiontoconducttrialswithGMriceseedsisirreversible,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethefieldsitisplantedonaresegregatedanddonotpollutenon-GMricefields.TheMOAhastotakestepstopunishanyviolation,too.
Nextcomespeople'srighttoknow.ApartfromthepossibleGMingredientscontainedinfoodpacketsonsupermarketshelves,weshouldbeconvincedthatGMriceisnottheonlysolutiontothefoodproblemwearefacingorarelikelytofa