高考英语阅读理解题型训练篇章结构.docx

高考英语阅读理解题型训练篇章结构.docx

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高考英语阅读理解题型训练篇章结构

高考难点突破

高考英语阅读理解题型训练篇章结构

〔解题思路〕

英语文章的阅读理解首先要从文章的篇章结构入手，弄清了作者谋篇布局的设计之后，才能更好地理解全文的主旨大意和具体细节。

各种体裁的文章篇章结构都有一定的写作规律，如议论文一般遵循:

提出问题，分析问题，解决问题的过程;记叙文一般以故事的发生、发展和结局为写作顺序;说明文突出体现说明事物的特点。

文章篇章结构试题经常设问的试题有：

Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?

A.Byprovidingexamples.（举例子）

B.Bymakingcomparisons.（作比较）

C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.（按时间顺序）

D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.（按重要性顺序）

〔典例剖析〕

A（湖北卷）

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?

Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.

Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.

Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?

Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claimsasitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespeciesarewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyou,youmightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.

Ifso,youhaveactuallyscaredthestrangerawaywithouthavingtofighthim.Abirddoesthesamething.Butheexpectsanoutsideralmostanytime,especiallyatnesting（筑巢）season.Soheisscreamingallthetime,whetherhecanseeanoutsiderornot.Thisscreamingiswhatwecallabird’ssong,anditisusuallyenoughtokeepanoutsideraway.

Birdssingloudestinthespringwhentheyaretryingtoattractamateandwarnothersnottoentertheterritoryoftheirs.

Youcanseethatbirdshavealanguagealltheirown.Mostofithastodowithattractingmatesandsettingupterritories.

59．Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?

A．Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.

B．Byreportingexperimentresults.

C．Bydescribingbirds’dailylife.

D．Bytellingabird’sstory.

分析：

由文章第一、二两段：

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?

Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。

答案为A。

1.

Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenruralandurbanareaswithinonecountry.

Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasionoratthefamilydinnertable,isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhitsitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.

FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates,piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperityintheNewYear.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies（预示）successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.

Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina,whenababyisonemonthold,familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred-coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.

Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.

72.Accordingtothepassage,sharingbread______.

A.indicatesalackoffoodB.canhelptodevelopunity

C.isacustomuniquetoruralareasD.hasitsrootsinbirthdaycelebrations

73.WhatdoesthecoininvasilopitasignifyforitsreceiverintheNewYear?

A.Trust.B.Success.C.Health.D.Togetherness.

74.Theauthorexplainstheroleoffoodincelebrationsby______.

A.usingexamplesB.makingcomparisons

C.analyzingcausesD.describingprocesses

75.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thecustomofsharingfood.B.Thespecificmeaningoffood.

C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D.Theimportanceoffoodinculture.

2.

Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism（相对主义）,aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.Suchaview,however,failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitet