非谓语动词二分词.docx
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非谓语动词二分词
非谓语动词二：
分词及独立主格结构
一、分词：
现在分词doing及过去分词done
（一）作状语（表示伴随、原因、条件、让步等）：
doing/havingdone（表示主动）；done/havingbeendone（表示被动）
（否定结构：
notdoing,nothavingdone/notdone,nothavingbeendone）
A:
根椐例句把下面从句改为分词结构：
Model:
Whenhewascrossingthestreet,hemetaclassmateofhis.
=Crossingthestreet,hemetaclassmateofhis.
Ashewascriticizedbytheteacher,hefeltsad.
=Criticizedbytheteacher,hefeltsad.
1.WhileIwastryingtoopenthedoor,Ihadmyfingerhurt.
___________________________________________________________.
2.Asshedidn’thaveacar,shefounditdifficulttogetaround.
___________________________________________________________.
3.Ifit’stakenontime,themedicinewillwork.
___________________________________________________________.
4.AlthoughIhadseenthefilmtwice,Iwenttothecinemaagain.
___________________________________________________________.
5.Afterhetookakeyoutofhispocket,heopenedthedoor.
___________________________________________________________.
6.Asshewasanxioustopleasehim,sheboughthimanicepresent.
___________________________________________________________.
7.Astheboywasill,hehadtostayinbed.
___________________________________________________________.
8.Althoughhehadn’tbeeninvitedtotheparty,hestillwentthere.
___________________________________________________________.
9.AsIwasn’tabletoworkouttheproblem,Iaskedtheteacherforhelp.
___________________________________________________________.
10.Afterhewasencouragedbytheteacher,hedecidedtoworkharder.
___________________________________________________________.
11.Hebecamenervouswhenhewasquestionedaboutthemurderbythepolice.
____________________________________________________________.
12.Ashehadn’treceivedherreply,hedecidedtoe-mailheragain.
____________________________________________________________.
13.Wedidn’tbakeanycakes,sowehadnothingtoeatlater.
_____________________________________________________________.
14.Weweredisturbedbythenoise,sowehadtofinishthemeetingearly.
______________________________________________________________.
15.BecauseIwasinterestedintheKoorisformanyyears,Idecidedtolearntheirlanguage.
______________________________________________________________.
B:
写出适当的分词短语形式
1.__________（be）astudent,hewasinterestedinreading.
2.__________（live）inthecityformanyyears,heknowsitwell.
3.__________（tell）severaltimes,hestillcouldn’tanswerthequestion.
4.___________（notteach）before,hecouldn’tworkouttheproblem.
5.___________（ask）inEnglish,,hedidn’tknowhowtoanswer.
6.___________（see）fromthehill,theviewisbeautiful.
7.___________（cross）thestreet,hewashitbyacar.
8.___________（notreceive）hisletter,shedecidedtomakeacall.
9.___________（stand）ontopofthehill,you’llfindthecityisbeautiful.
10.___________（give）enoughtime,hecandoitbetter.
C:
连词+分词/形容词/名词/介词短语作状语（句子主语须同分词逻辑主语保持一致）（when,while,until;unless,if;asthough,asif;although,though;evenif,eventhough;than;as（像；按照）;once）
Whenhewascrossingthestreet,hewashitbyacar.
=Whencrossingthestreet,hewashitbyacar.
=Crossingthestreet,hewashitbyacar.
练一练:
用连词+分词/形容词/名词/介词短语改写句子（把从句改成短语）
Don’tspeakunlessyouarespokento.
Hedidn’tfeelnervousatallwhenhewasinterviewed.
WhilehewaswatchingTV,heheardthedoorbellring.
Mikeusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhenhewasscolded.
Ifheisgivenmoretime,hewillsurelydobetter.
Hecouldn’treadthesenewwordsevenifhehadbeentaughtmanytimes.
Onceyouunderstandtheserules,you’llfeelthegameeasytoplay.
Hestoodtherestillasifheweremadeofstone.
请看下面句子，哪一句正确：
Seeingagoatontheroad,thecarstopped.
Seeingagoatontheroad,thedriverstoppedthecar.
D:
形容词作状语如表示伴随，则前面不加being,如表示原因，则加being
Hegothome,tiredandhungry.
Hesatbythewindow,lostinthought.
Beingblind,hecouldn’tgohomealone.
注意：
分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构的形式来表达。
（二）分词作定语
1.现在分词（短语）作定语:
表示经常性的动作或现在（或当时）的状态且表示主动：
asleepingchild,abarkingdog,themanstandingthere,thebooklyingonthetable
现在分短语作定语可改为定语从句：
Theystayedatahotelstandingbythelake.
=Theystayedatahotelwhichstoodbythelake.
TheAmericanpresidentvisitingChinanowwillreturnonSaturday.
=TheAmericanpresidentwhoisvisitingChinanowwillreturnonSaturday.
注意：
现在分词作定语，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句：
Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.
Canyoutellmeaboutthefirethathappenedlastnight?
2.过去分词作定语
及物动词的过去分词表示动作的被动：
friedfish,driedfruit,cookedfood,reducedprices,atrainednurse,pollutedriver,finishedproducts,requiredcourses,hiddenmeaning
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作
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