宾语从句与高考真题.docx

宾语从句与高考真题.docx

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宾语从句与高考真题

名词性从句

一.概念

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句（NounClauses）.名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

二.语序

所有名词性从句都是引导词（在最前）+陈述句语序（即:

主语在前,谓语在后.即使从句表达的是疑问含义）.

Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.

HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.

三.引导词

引导名词性从句的引导词

类别

词义

在从句中的作用

从属连词that

无任何词义

仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分

从属连词whether和if（是否）

意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性

起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分

关系代词who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever

有各自自身的意义

起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等

关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever

有各自自身的意义

起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语

注意:

名词性从句引导词,只有that在引导主语从句后置时,以及在引导宾语从句时有时可以省.其它情况下,以及其它名词性从句引导词均不能省.

注意:

只有在引导宾语从句（有些情况下不能用if代替whether）以及whether引导主语从句后置时才可用if.其它情况下,以及引导其它名词性从句时均不能用if.

四.分类详解

主语从句

在句子中作主语的句子叫主语从句.

1.由从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句：

▲that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省.

Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.（that不能省）

Thathewillsucceediscertain.（that不能省）

Thatheisstillaliveisawonder.（that不能省）

Thatthebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.（that不能省）

Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.（that不能省）

______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.（1992上海高考试题）

A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether

▲whether引导的主语从句一般位于句首.也可用it作形式主语,将其后置,此时whether可换为if.（if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末.）

Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.

Whethertheoldcoupleenjoythetripremainstobeproved.

Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

Itwasaproblemwhethertheywouldsupportus.

Itremainstobeseenwhetheritwilldousharmorgood.

ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.

2.由关系代词who/whoever;whom/whomever（少）;what/whatever;which/whichever;whose引导的主语从句.

Whowillthewinthescholarshipisunknown.

Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.

Whomurderedthepresentisbeinginvestigated.

Whoevercomesiswelcome.

Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights

Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished

Whoeverbreaksthislawdeservesafine.

Whoeverwantstoseethisfilmcangowithustonight.

Whoeverhelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

Who/whomhewillworkwithisstillasecret.

Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.

Whoeveryoufellinlovewithhasnothingtodowithme.

whoever既用作主格也用作宾语（作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用）.

Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.

Whatmustbedonehasbeendone.Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.

Whatyousaidjustnowhurtherfeelings.

Whatimpressedmemostwashisgreatresponsibilityforhiswork.

Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality．

Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.

Whatevertheparentsdoisfortheirchildren.

Whateveryousayisofnousenow.

Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.

Whichschoolwillwintheprizeisnotknown.

Ireaditinsomebookorother,doesitmatterwhichitwas?

Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.

Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.

Whicheverofusgetshomefirststartscooking.

Whoserelativeslosttheirlifeintheshockingearthquakehasn’tbeenannounced.

3.由关系副词when;where;why;how引导的主语从句.

Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.

Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.

WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldisstillunderdiscussion.

Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.

Whyhedidn'tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.

Whythesuninthemorninglooksbiggerthanthesunatnoonisveryinteresting.

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.

Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.

HowandwhyEinsteinhadcometoPrinceton,NewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,success,andsadness.

Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……

主语从句的主谓一致问题

①:

单个的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数;如果两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用复数.

Whenandwherehewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.

Howandwhyhecametothelonelysmallislandisstillamystery.

Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.

Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.

②:

what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可由表语来决定.

Whatweneedarewomenworkers.

Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.

4.it作形式主语引导主语从句

如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后.这样句子结构就更加平衡.此时主语从句的引导词一般是that（一般不省,亦可省略）,也可以是其它引导词.

▲It+be+形容词+that-从句

It’s（im）possible/probable/important/necessary/fortunate/certain/clear/obvious/likely/natural/

strangethat…

Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.

It'sstrangethathedidn'tcomeyesterday.

Itislikelythattherewillbeastormtomorrow.

主语从句中的虚拟语气:

其中在it’snatural/important/ necessary/strangethat…结构中,主语从句常用should+do的虚拟语气（美语中省去should）.

Itwasnecessarythatwe（should）makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.

Itisimportantthateverypupil（should）beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.

Itisnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbesentbackasearlyaspossible.

Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage．（上海1993）

A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster

▲It+be+名词+that-从句

It’sapity/ashame/anhonor/afact/asurprise/aquestion/goodnews/nowonder/commonknowledge/hightimethat…

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.

Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.

It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchprogress.

主语从句中的虚拟语气:

其中在此结构中若为surprise,apity,ashame,nowonder等表示惊奇、惋惜的名词时,主语从句常用should+do的虚拟语气（美语中省去should）.若为advice,desire,demand,order,proposal,recommendation,requirement,suggestion等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等名词时,须用should+do的虚拟语气（美语中省去should）.

Itismyproposalthathebesenttostudyfurtherabroad.

It’sapitythatI（should）missthelecture.

▲It+be+-ed分词+that-从句

It’ssaid/reported/believed/thought/announced/decided/knowntoall/mustbepointedout/mustbeadmittedthat…

ItisreportedthatthenumberofwildanimalsinAfricaisdecreasing.

It’sannouncedthatthehostageshavebeenreleased.

It’sdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.

It’sknowntoushowhebecameawriter.

其中在此结构中若为request, demand, require, beg, propose, suggest, recommend, advise,order,command,urge,desire 等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等的动词,则主语从句中须用should+do的虚拟语气（美语中省去should）.

Itisrequiredthatnobody（should）smokehere.

Itisdesiredthatwe（should）geteverythingreadythisevening.

Itissuggestedthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.

▲It+不及物动词+that-分句

Itseems/appears/happens（tosb）/occurredtosb/turnedout/doesn’tmatter/makenodifferencethat…

Itseemstomethatyouobjecttheplan.

IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenoutwhenhecalled.

ItoccurredtomethatIforgottoshutthewindows.

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.

Itmakesnodifferencethatyouwillgotodayortomorrow.

常将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.

Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.

▲如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：

Isittruethatheisthegirl’sfather?

Howisitthatyouarelateagain?

▲what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首,一般不用it作形式主语.

Whatmaketherivermorebeautifularethelotusplantsgrowinginthewater.

有时也可用it形式主语Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.

▲seem的五种用法

①.sbseems（tobe）+adj./n./prep.

Sheseems（tobe）quitehappy.Heseems（tobe）anhonestman.

Heseems（tobe）introuble.Youdon’tseemtobequiteyourselftoday.

②.sbseemstodo

Sheseemstoknowthesecret.Heseemstobesleepingthen.

Iseemtohaveseenhimsomewherebefore.

③.itseemsthat…

Itseemsthatsheisquitehappy.Itseemsthathewassleepingthen.

ItseemsthatIhaveseenhim.ItseemstobeyearssinceIlastsawyou.

④.sb/sthseemsasif….

Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Heseemsasifhehasknownthenews.

⑤.thereseem（s）tobe…

Thereseemstobeasmallpineonthetopofthehill.

Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.

宾语从句

在句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句.及物动词（vt.）,介词（prep）,少量形容词之后跟宾语从句.

1.由从属连词that,whether,if引导的宾语从句：

Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.（好客的）

theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.

ThedoctorinsiststhatIgiveupsmoking.

Thesellerdemandedthatpaymentshouldbemadewithinfivedays.

Iwish（that）shewouldunderstandme.

Welearntfromhisletterthathewasstudyingabroad.

Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.

Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.

Iwonderwhether（if）daughtersarevaluedasmuchassonsinthecountryside.

Idon’tknowwhether/ifhecaresaboutme.

I’llseewhether/ifIcanpersuadehimtoaccepttheinvitation.

Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing.

OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”.

宾语从句中If不能替代whether的七种情况

在引导宾语从句时,whether与if通常可以互换.if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中.

Sheaskedmeif／whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish．

Idon'tknowif／whethertheycanpromoteunderstandinginsuchashorttime.

①.引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时,只能用whether.

Whethertheywinorlostisallthesametome.

whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.

Thequestioniswhethertheycancooperatewithus.

Wearediscussingtheproblemwhetherwehaveenoughfundstocarryouttheproject.

②.直接与ornot连用时,只能用whether.

Iwonderwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.

Shedoesn’tcareabitwhetherI’mabsentornot.

③.位于在介词后面,作介词宾语时,只能用whether.

I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldpresentagifttothepoorgirl.

I'mnotinterestedinwhethershe'llcomeornot．

Theteacherworriedaboutwhetherhe