宾语从句与高考真题.docx

1、宾语从句与高考真题名词性从句一.概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses).名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二.语序所有名词性从句都是引导词(在最前)+陈述句语序(即:主语在前,谓语在后.即使从句表达的是疑问含义).What we cant get seems better than what we have. The photographs will show you what our village looks li

2、ke.He asked how much I paid for the violin.三.引导词引导名词性从句的引导词类 别词 义在从句中的作用从属连词that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分从属连词whether和if(是否)意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, whom, what, which,whose,whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whe

3、never, wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语注意:名词性从句引导词,只有that在引导主语从句后置时,以及在引导宾语从句时有时可以省.其它情况下,以及其它名词性从句引导词均不能省.注意:只有在引导宾语从句(有些情况下不能用if代替whether)以及whether引导主语从句后置时才可用if.其它情况下,以及引导其它名词性从句时均不能用if.四.分类详解主语从句在句子中作主语的句子叫主语从句.1.由从属连词that, whether引导的主语从句：that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省. That light travels in straight li

4、ne is known to all. (that不能省)That he will succeed is certain. (that不能省)That he is still alive is a wonder. (that不能省)That the baby could speak made his parents very happy. (that不能省)That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. (that不能省)_ you dont like him is none of my busines

5、s. (1992上海高考试题)A. What B. Who C. That D. Whetherwhether引导的主语从句一般位于句首.也可用it作形式主语,将其后置,此时whether可换为if. (if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末.)Whether she will come or not is still a question.Whether the old couple enjoy the trip remains to be proved.Whether we will hold a party in the open air to

6、morrow depends on the weather.It was a problem whether they would support us. It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good.It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2.由关系代词who/whoever; whom/whomever(少); what/whatever; which/whichever; whose 引导的主语从句.Who will the win the schol

7、arship is unknown.Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.Who murdered the present is being investigated.Whoever comes is welcome.Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lightsWhoever breaks the rule must be punishedWhoever breaks this law deserves a fine.Whoever w

8、ants to see this film can go with us tonight.Whoever helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who/whom he will work with is still a secret.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whoever you fell in love with has nothing to do with me.whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现

9、代英语中whomever已几乎不用).What you have done might do harm to other people.What must be done has been done. What is worth doing is worth doing well. What you said just now hurt her feelings.What impressed me most was his great responsibility for his work.What was once regarded as impossible has now become

10、a realityWhat surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.Whatever the parents do is for their children.Whatever you say is of no use now.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Which school will win the prize is not known.I read it in some book or other, does it m

11、atter which it was?Whichever you take will be yours.Whichever book you choose doesnt matter to me.Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.Whose relatives lost their life in the shocking earthquake hasnt been announced.3.由关系副词when; where; why; how引导的主语从句.When the plane is to take off hasnt bee

12、n announced.Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.Where the English evening will be held is still under discussion.Why he often comes here is known to us all.Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone.Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very i

13、nteresting. How he was successful is still a puzzle.How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.How and why Einstein had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.How much water is flowing can be measured easily. 水的流量是多少主语从句的主谓一致问

14、题:单个的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数;如果两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用复数.When and where he was born hasnt been found.How and why he came to the lonely small island is still a mystery.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.:what引导

15、的主语从句,谓语动词可由表语来决定.What we need are women workers.What we need is more time and money.4.it作形式主语引导主语从句如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后.这样句子结构就更加平衡.此时主语从句的引导词一般是that(一般不省,亦可省略),也可以是其它引导词.It + be +形容词+ that-从句Its(im)possible/probable/important/necessary/fortunate/certain/clear/obvious/l

16、ikely/natural/strange thatIt is probable that he told her everything.Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is likely that there will be a storm tomorrow.主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在its natural/important/necessary/strange that结构中,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).It was necessary that we (should) make every

17、thing ready ahead of time.It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.It is natural that she should do so.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language（上海1993）

18、A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master It + be +名词+ that-从句Its a pity/a shame/an honor/a fact/a surprise/a question/good news/no wonder/ common knowledge/high time thatIt is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture yesterday.It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.Its no wonder

19、 that youve achieved so much progress.主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在此结构中若为surprise, a pity, a shame, no wonder等表示惊奇、惋惜的名词时,主语从句常用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).若为advice, desire, demand, order, proposal, recommendation, requirement, suggestion等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等名词时,须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).It is my proposal that he

20、be sent to study further abroad.Its a pity that I (should) miss the lecture.It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句Its said/reported/believed/thought/announced/decided/known to all /must be pointed out/must be admitted thatIt is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.Its announced that t

21、he hostages have been released.Its decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.Its known to us how he became a writer.其中在此结构中若为request,demand,require,beg,propose,suggest,recommend,advise, order, command, urge, desire等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等的动词,则主语从句中须用should +do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).It is require

22、d that nobody (should) smoke here.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening.It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.It +不及物动词+ that-分句It seems/appears/happens (to sb)/occurred to sb/turned out/doesnt matter /make no difference thatIt seems to me that you object

23、 the plan.It happened to me that I had been out when he called.It occurred to me that I forgot to shut the windows.It doesnt matter whether he likes or not.It makes no difference that you will go today or tomorrow.常将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.It doesnt appea

24、r that well have a sunny day tomorrow.如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：Is it true that he is the girls father? How is it that you are late again? what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首,一般不用it作形式主语.What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.有时也可用it形式主语It is clear enough what he meant.seem

25、的五种用法.sb seems (to be)+adj./n./prep.She seems (to be) quite happy. He seems (to be) an honest man.He seems (to be) in trouble. You dont seem to be quite yourself today.sb seems to doShe seems to know the secret. He seems to be sleeping then.I seem to have seen him somewhere before.it seems thatIt se

26、ems that she is quite happy. It seems that he was sleeping then.It seems that I have seen him. It seems to be years since I last saw you.sb/sth seems as if .It seems as if it is going to rain. He seems as if he has known the news.there seem(s) to be There seems to be a small pine on the top of the h

27、ill.There seems to be no need to go now.宾语从句在句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句.及物动词(vt.),介词(prep),少量形容词之后跟宾语从句.1.由从属连词that, whether, if引导的宾语从句：I know that he is friendly and hospitable.(好客的)they told us once again that the situation was serious .The doctor insists that I give up smoking.The seller demanded that paymen

28、t should be made within five days.I wish（that）she would understand me.We learnt from his letter that he was studying abroad.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. I wonder whether (if) dau

29、ghters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.I dont know whether/if he cares about me.Ill see whether/if I can persuade him to accept the invitation.Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing. On being asked whether he had had a good time in Aust

30、ralia, he answered “Terrible ”.宾语从句中If不能替代whether的七种情况在引导宾语从句时,whether与if通常可以互换.if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中.She asked me ifwhether I could help her with her English I dont know ifwhether they can promote understanding in such a short time.引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时,只能用whether.Whether they win o

31、r lost is all the same to me.whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.The question is whether they can cooperate with us.We are discussing the problem whether we have enough funds to carry out the project.直接与or not连用时,只能用whether.I wonder whether or not they will come to help us.She doesnt care a bit whether Im absent or not.位于在介词后面,作介词宾语时,只能用whether.Im thinking of whether we should present a gift to the poor girl.Im not interested in whether shell come or notThe teacher worried about whether he