大学英语综合教程B1Unit 4 American Dream.docx
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大学英语综合教程B1Unit4AmericanDream
Unit4AmericanDream
TextATonyTrvisonno’sAmericanDream
Ⅲ.GlobalReading
1.PartDivisionofthetext
Parts
Lines
MainIdeas
1
1~82
LifestoryofTonyTrivisonno.
2
83~95
Theauthor’sreflectionsonthestoryofTony
2.FurtherUnderstanding
ForPartOneChartCompletion
HowTonyFulfilledHisAmericanDream
Lines
TimePhrases
Tony’sStepstowardSuccess
1~26
OneeveningduringtheGreatDepression
TonystartedtoworkasahelpatMr.Crawford’shouse.
27~33
Summerpassedintofall
TonygotajobcleaningsnowatMr.Crawford’sfactory
34~43
Oneday
Tonyaskedtobetrainedasanapprentice,andlaterlearnedtobeaskilledworker.
44~85
Ayearortwopassed
TonyboughtahousewiththehelpofMr.Crawford
59~76
Afterabouttwoyears
TonyboughtafarmandsentforhisfamilyinItaly.
77~82
Duringthewar
Tonydied,leavinghisfamilyaprosperousfarmandhischildreneducated
ForPartTwoQuestionsandAnswers
1）WhatisthekeytoTony’ssuccess?
TonyworkedveryhardtocreatehisAmericanDream.Besides,hewasdetermined,self-controlled,optimistic,self-respected,honestandresponsible.Allthesehelpedhimbecomesuccessful.
2）CompareTonywiththegreatestindustrialists.
BothTonyandthegreatestindustrialistsaresuccessfulinpursuingtheirAmericanDreams.Theyreachedtheirsuccessbyworkinghard,andbythesamevaluesandprinciples.Theonlydifferencewasthattheyhaddifferentfinancialachievements.
Ⅳ.DetailedReading
Importantwords,phrasesandsentences:
PartOne（Para.1~Para.29）
1.（L5）“Imowyourlawn,”hesaid.
Howmanytimesisthesentence—“Imowyourlawn.”—repeatedinthetext?
Whyisitrepeated?
Thesentenceisrepeatedfourtimes.That’sbecauseitshowsTony’sdeterminationinfindingajob,andhisoptimisticviewthatpeoplewouldhelpamanwhoneededajob.
2.（L11）turnaway:
refusetohelporallow（sb.）toenteraplace
---他拒绝了所有的应征者。
Heturnedalltheapplicantsaway.
---Heturnedawayseveralpeoplewhodidn’thavethetickets.
Collocation:
turndown拒绝；调低
turnin交还，上交
turninto使变成
turnoff关；拐弯
turnout生产，制造；证明，结果
turnover仔细考虑
3.（L24）workout:
plan,solve,calculate
---他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。
They’veworkedoutamethodofsendingaspacecrafttothespace.
*---Mymotherallowedmetotakethetrip,butaskedmetoworkoutthetotalcostfirst.
Collocation:
workat从事于，致力于
workup引起，激起，逐渐上升
4.（L24）weekly:
1）adj.happeningonceaweekoreveryweek
---Hethinkshisweeklywageof100yuanisenough.
2）adv.onceaweek,everyweek,bytheweek.
---《21世纪报》每周出版一次。
21stCenturyispublishedweekly.
3）n.apublicationissuedonceaweek
---Publishers’Weekly（美）《出版商周刊》
twiceweekly半周刊
*thesameasmonthly,daily
5.（L30）Well,whatdoyoudowithsuchdeterminationandhope?
Paraphrasethesentence
Itishardtorefuseapersonwhoisdeterminedandhopefultogetajob.
6.（L30）dowith:
1）（usedinquestionswithwhat）dealwith
---Tellmewhatyoudidwithyourselfthisweek.
*---Whatdoyoudowithsuchrudeboy?
2）tolerate
---我不能忍受他和他的无礼。
Ican’tdowithhimandhisimpoliteness.
3）（oftenwithcould,can）desire
---Icoulddowithacupoftea.
Collocation:
dowith没有…也行，将就
doawaywith废除，去掉
havesomethingtodowith和…有点关系
havenotingtodowith和…毫无关系
7.（L30）determination:
n.theabilitytocontinuetryingtoachievewhatyouhavedecidedtodoevenwhenthisisdifficult
---HehasgreatdeterminationtolearnEnglishwell.
*---Herdeterminationtodowellmadeherkeepontrying.
*determine（todo）:
v.decidetodo
---Hedeterminedtogo.他执意要去。
---IamdeterminedtodobetterthanMike.
---Whatkindofweatherwewillgetdetermineswhetherwecangooutforapicnic.
8.（L32）personnel:
n.
1）thedepartmentinalargeorganizationthatdealswithemployees;humanresources（uncountablenoun,usedwithasingularorpluralverb）
---personneladministration人事管理
---personneldepartment人事部/处/科
---personneldirector人事部长/处长/科长
*---HerfirstjobaftergraduationwasinpersonnelatMicrosoft.
2）allthepersonsworkinginanorganization,inthearmy,etc.（oftenusedwithapluralverb）
---Thepersonnelofthecompanyhasbeenincreased.
---全体员工都允许参加晚会。
Allpersonnelwereallowedtotakepartintheparty.
*---Allpersonnelinthiscompanyareentitledtomedicalinsurance.
N.B.此外注意与personal的区别：
personal:
个人的，私人的，亲自的，秘密的
---Liketheirpersonallives,women’shistoryisfragmented,interrupted.
如同她们的个人生活一样，妇女的历史是支离破碎的且中断的。
---apersonalappearance亲自出面
---Ihavesomethingpersonaltotellyou.
我有秘密的事要告诉你。
9.（L37）capacity:
n.
1）theabilitytounderstandordosth.（followedbyfororto）
---Hiscapacityforrememberingthingsisinteresting.
2）theabilitytoholdorcontainsth.;themaximumamountthatcanbecontained
---Thetrunkisfilledtocapacity
CF:
capacity,ability,capability&proficiency
这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思
capacity用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、颖悟性、敏感性等。
ability既指天赋的能力，也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。
capability较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。
proficiency正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。
Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenabove:
1）Hermentalabilityisverygreat.
2）Thefilmisbeyondthecapacityofthechildren.
3）Proficiencyinseveralforeignlanguagesisneededforworkasatraveler’sguide.
4）Hehasthecapabilityofsolvingpracticalproblems.
10.（L40）skilled:
adj.
1）havingskill,trained,experienced
---skilledworker有技术的工人
2）needingskill
---skilledwork技术性工作
CF:
skilled&skillful
这两个词在表示有“有技术的，熟练的”讲时可以互换。
skilled通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验，而掌握某项专门技术。
skillful是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧
---Heisaskilled/skillfulsurgeon.
---罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。
Rose’sfatherisaskilledmechanicsoshehasbecomeskillfulatrepairingbicyclestoo.
11.（L42~43）MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatwefeltwasasatisfyingendofthestory.
1）Paraphrasethesentence.
MywifeandIwerehappywithwhatTonyhadachieved,andthoughtthatthewholethinghadthusbeensettled.
2）WasTonysatisfiedwiththisend?
Tonywasnotsatisfied.Hekeptonworkingharduntilhefulfilledhisbetterdreams.
12.（L47）forsale:
availabletobebought
---Thecompanywillputthehousesforsale.
*---Herformerhomeisforsaleat$496,000.
*onsale:
1）availabletobebought
2）beingofferedatareducedprice
Collocation:
onsale上市，出售；减价，贱卖
asaleoncredit赊购
onsaleorreturn包退包换的，无法销售可以退货的
13.（L48）callon:
1）visitsb.forashorttime
---I’llcallonhimtomorrow.
2）summon,appeal
---他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。
Theycalledontheworkersofthecitytosupportthestrike.
3）invite,require
---ThehostofthepartycalledontheChairmantospeak.
Collocation:
callfor邀约；要求；需要
calloff取消
callup打电话；召集；使人想起
callin顺路到某处；收回
14.（L48）loan:
1）vt.lend
---Thebankloanedmesomemoney.
---Theartistloanedherpicturestothemuseum.
2）n.
a）sth.lent,esp.asumofmoney
---Thedictionaryisaloan,notagift.
---Doestheloancarryanyinterest?
b）lending
---我可以借你的打字机用一下吗？
MayIhavetheloanofyourtypewriter?
Collocation:
askfortheloanof请求借用…
havetheloanof…借…
onloan出借的
amortgageloan抵押贷款，抵押借款
aloanonsecurity担保贷款
aloanforconsumption消费贷款
along-termloan长期贷款
agift（interest-free）loan无息贷款
apublic/governmentloan 公债，国库券
adomestic（foreign）loan内（外）债
15.（L48）character:
n.
1）theparticularcollectionofqualitiesthatmakesb./sth.differentfromothers
---Hehasastrongbutgentlecharacter.
---品质的培养应是教育的主要点。
Characterbuildingshouldbethemainpointofeducation.
---Thenewbuildingshavechangedthecharacterofthevillage.
2）personinaplay,movie,etc.
---Ifindallthecharactersinhisnewplayveryreal.
3）letter,signormarkusedinasystemofwritingorprinting
---aChinesecharacter
---汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画
ThecharactersinChinesewritinglooklikesmallpictures.
CF:
character,characteristic,feature&personality
这些词都是名词，都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。
character指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往与品格有关
characteristic指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用于科技领域。
feature通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。
personality偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。
FillintheblankswiththewordsgivenaboveandtranslatethesentencesintoChinese.
1）Anaquilinenosewasherbestfeature.
（鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征）
2）Hecanreadaguy’scharacteratthefirstglance.
（他一眼就可以看出一个人的品质）
3）Hehascharacterbutnopersonality.
（他有性格但没有个性）
4）Apsychologicalreportlistseverypossiblecharacteristicofthepersonbeingstudied.
（一份心理学报告列举了研究对象所有可能有的特性）
16.（L55~58）Fromthenon,itwasinterestingtoseethatanydiscardedoddsandendsaroundourplace—abrokenscreen,abitofhardware,boardsfrompacking—Tonywouldgatherandtakehome.
1）WhydidTonytakehomethediscardedoddsandends?
Tonyboughtahouse,whichwasacompletewreck.Tofixanddecorateit,and,aboveall,tosavemoney,hetookhomethediscardedoddsandends.
2）TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人丢弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真有意思。
17.（L60）confidence:
n.thequalityofbeingcertainofone’sabilitiesoroftrustingotherpeople
---Itookthemintomyconfidence.
---Ihaveeveryconfidenceinyourabilitytosucceed.
---我告诉你这件事是因为绝对相信你会保守秘密的。
Iamtellingyouthisinstrictconfidence.
18.（L67）sentfor:
askforthearrivalof
---Iwasseriouslyillandmyfatherhadtosendforadoctor.
---Doyouwanttosendforthepolice?
19.（L68~69）Hehadhuntedaroundtheedgeoftownuntilhefoundasmall,abandonedpieceofpropertywithahouseandshed.
1）Whatdoes“property”referto?
“Property”referstothefarmhew
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