英语高考第二轮复习虚拟语气.docx
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英语高考第二轮复习虚拟语气
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高考第二轮复习——虚拟语气
编稿老师
【本讲教育信息】
一.教学内容:
二轮复习:
虚拟语气
二.本周知识精讲:
专题:
虚拟语气
(一)语气的定义和种类。
1.语气(mood):
语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类
a.陈述语气:
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:
Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.
Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?
Howgoodateachersheis!
b.祈使语气:
表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如:
Neverbelateagain!
Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.
c.虚拟语气:
表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如:
IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.
IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.
Mayyousucceed!
(二)虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。
1.条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况可能发生,则是真实条件句,在这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。
如:
Iftimepermits,we’llgofishingtogether.
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
如:
Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.
2.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气,现将其形式列表如下:
从句的动词形式
主句的动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be的过去式用were)
would(could/should/might)+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had+动词过去分词
would(could/should/might)+have+过去分词
与将来事实可能相反
动词过去式
should+动词原形
wereto+动词原形
would(could/should/might)+动词原形
注:
主句中的should只用于第一人称,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称。
1)表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。
如:
IfIwereyou,Ishould(would,could,might)tellhimthetruth.
2)表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。
如:
IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Ishould(would,could,might)havetelephonedyou.
3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。
如:
Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould(could,might)besaved.
3.主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句)
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
如:
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.
4.含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
1)条件暗含在短语中。
如:
WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?
Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.
Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
Hemusthavepassedtheexam,orhewouldhavecalledus.
Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.
2)条件暗含在上下文中。
如:
Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)
5.条件从句中省去if的情况
在由if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,常可以省略if,将had,were或should提至句首。
如:
HadIseenthefilm,Iwouldhavediscusseditwiththemlastnight.
WereIabird,Icouldflyfreely.
Shoulditrainnextweekthefarmerswouldhaveagoodharvest.
(三)虚拟语气的其它用法。
1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。
在“Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)that…”这类句型中,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形”结构,表示某事是“重要的”,“奇怪的”,“自然的”,“必要的”等意义。
如:
ItisimportantthateveryBeijinger(should)beabletospeakEnglish.
Itisnecessarythathe(should)besenttohospitalatonce.
在It’ssuggestedthat…句型中:
It’ssuggestedthateverythingbereadybeforethisweekend.
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中
a.表示对现在情况的虚拟:
从句的动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were)表示。
如:
IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.
Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.
b.表示对过去情况的虚拟:
从句的动词用“had+过去分词”的形式表示。
如:
Iwish(that)Ihadn’twastedsomuchtime.
Hewishes(wished)hehadn’tlostthechance.
c.表示对将来的主观愿望的虚拟:
谓语动词的形式为“would/should/could/might+动词原形”,此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句的动作能否实现,取决于从句的主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外)。
如:
Iwishitwouldstopraining.
Iwishyouwouldbequiet.
(2)在suggest(建议),demand(要求),order(命令),propose(建议),insist(坚持要做),command(命令),request(请求),desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形的形式”,表示建议,要求,命令等。
如:
Isuggestthatwe(should)startthemeetingatonce.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意比较:
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
HesuggestedthatI(should)sticktomydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisedoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
Heinsiststhathe(should)domorningexerciseeveryday.
3.虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法。
当主语为advice,suggestion,order,proposal,command,request等词时后接表语从句,表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”的形式,表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的具体内容。
如:
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
4.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法
在名词advice,suggestion,order,proposal,request,command等后接的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为“(should)+动词原形”,说明“建议”,“劝告”,“命令”等的具体内容。
如:
Theordercamethattheworkshouldbefinishedtwodaysaheadoftime.
Sheacceptedtheirproposalthatsheshouldbeoperatedon.
5.特殊的虚拟语气结构。
(1)由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
如:
Theteachertreatsthestudentasifhewereherownchild.
Heateasifhehadn’teatenforaweek.
(2)在Itis(high)time(that)…;I’drather(that)…句型中,从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气,意思是“该干某事了,时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望”。
如:
Itistimethatwedidsomethingtostoppollution.
ItistimethatFatherpickedupLilyfromthekindergarten.
I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.
I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.
(3)“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿、但愿”,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
如:
Maygoodluckbeyours!
Mayyoubehappy!
Mayyoudoevenbetter!
直接用动词原形。
例如:
Longlivethepeople!
人民万岁!
(4)ifonly+虚拟语气
IfonlyIhadtakenyouradvice,butIdidn’t.
IfonlyIknewhisname!
IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!
【典型例题】
1.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might
2.____hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.
A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When
3._____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
4._______yourletter,Iwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.
A.IfIreceivedB.ShouldIreceive
C.HadIreceivedD.IfIcouldhavereceived
5.____________theEnglishexamination,IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
6.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI_______________toit.
A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgone
C.didnotgoD.cannothavegone
7.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______________awayforages.
A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen
8.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou___________anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.
A.doB.don’tdoC.didn’tdoD.didn’t
9.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology__________.
A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved
C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved
10.Itishightimethatthegovernment______________measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.
A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.taking
11.Mysuggestionisthatshe________moreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.
A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took
12.Youradvicethat_____________tillnextweekisreasonable.
A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.shewillwaitD.shewaited
13.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay________by20percent.
A.beraisedB.wouldberaisedC.raisedD.raise
答案:
BACCBADCCBCBA
【模拟试题】(答题时间:
55分钟)
一.单选
1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.
A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading
2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.
A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemet
C.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeet
3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.
A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.
A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak
5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.
A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen
6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot_____.
A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohours
C.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours
7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.
A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone
8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_____feel?
A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou
9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.
A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown
10._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.
A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor
11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.
A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet
12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.
A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach
13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.
A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehind
C.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind
15.Ifit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.
A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haverainedD.rained
16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.
A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had
17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.
A.notwentB.won’tgoC.notgoD.nottogo
18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.
A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad
19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?
A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainst
C.havedecidedagainstD.shalldecideagainst
20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.
A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed
21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?
—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.
A.hadB.havehad