英语高考第二轮复习虚拟语气.docx

1、英语高考第二轮复习虚拟语气年 级高三学 科英语版 本人教版内容标题高考第二轮复习虚拟语气编稿老师【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：二轮复习：虚拟语气二. 本周知识精讲： 专题：虚拟语气（一）语气的定义和种类。1. 语气(mood)：语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2. 语气的种类a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：There are two sides to every question.Were you busy all day yesterday?How good a teacher she is!b.

2、 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again!Dont forget to turn off the light.c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.I wish I could pass the examination.May you succeed!（二）虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。1. 条件从句有两类，一类是真实条件句，另一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，则是真实条件句，在这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：If

3、 time permits, well go fishing together.如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.2. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：从句的动词形式主句的动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去式(be的过去式用were)would(could/should/might)+动词原形与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would(could/should/might)+have+过去分

4、词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式should+动词原形were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。1）表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 2）表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, co

5、uld, might)have telephoned you.3）表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.3. 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句)有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.If I were you, I would have gone to her bi

6、rthday party.If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.4. 含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。1）条件暗含在短语中。如：What would I have done without you? It would be easier to do it this way. This same thing

7、, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. He must have passed the exam, or he would have called us. Alone, he would have been terrified. 2）条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever. (可能暗含if you wanted to)5. 条件从句中省去if的情况在由if引导的表示虚拟的

8、条件状语从句中，常可以省略if，将had, were或should提至句首。如：Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. Were I a bird, I could fly freely. Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest. （三）虚拟语气的其它用法。1虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”这类句型中，that所

9、引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 (should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要的”，“奇怪的”，“自然的”，“必要的”等意义。如：It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 在Its suggested that句型中：Its suggested that everything be ready before this weekend.2虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。（1

10、）在动词wish后的宾语从句中a. 表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句的动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were )表示。如： I wish I knew the answer to the question. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.b. 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句的动词用“had+过去分词”的形式表示。如：I wish (that) I hadnt wasted so much time. He wishes (wished) he hadnt lost the chance. c. 表示对将来的主观

11、愿望的虚拟：谓语动词的形式为“would/should/could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句的动作能否实现，取决于从句的主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）。如：I wish it would stop raining.I wish you would be quiet.（2）在suggest（建议）, demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command(命令), request(请求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)+动

12、词原形的形式”，表示建议，要求，命令等。如：I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.注意比较：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.He insists that doing morning exercise does good

13、 to peoples health. He insists that he (should) do morning exercise every day.3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法。当主语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal, command, request等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”的形式，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的具体内容。如：My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.The order

14、from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.4虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法在名词advice, suggestion, order, proposal, request, command等后接的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“(should)+动词原形”，说明“建议”，“劝告”，“命令”等的具体内容。如：The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.She accepted

15、their proposal that she should be operated on. 5特殊的虚拟语气结构。（1）由as if 或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如：The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child.He ate as if he hadnt eaten for a week.（2）在It is （high）time (that) ; Id rather (that)句型中，从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”“

16、我宁愿/希望”。如：It is time that we did something to stop pollution.It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.Id rather you told me the truth.Id rather I didnt see you again.（3）“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May good luck be yours!May you be happy!May you do even better!直接用动词原

17、形。例如：Long live the people! 人民万岁！（4）if only +虚拟语气If only I had taken your advice, but I didnt.If only I knew his name!If only I could see him again! 【典型例题】1. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. mi

18、ght2. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A. If B. Since C. Though D. When3. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I4. _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.A. If I received B. Should I receiveC. Had I received D.

19、If I could have received 5. _ the English examination, I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for6. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_ to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone7. Looking round the t

20、own, he felt as though he _ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been8. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. dont do C. didnt do D. didnt9. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _

21、. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved10. It is high time that the government _measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking11. My suggestion is that she _ more exercise, which will

22、 do a lot of good to her. A. takes B. must take C. take D. took12. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. she will wait D. she waited13. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ by 20 percent. A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise答案：BACCB

23、 ADCCB CBA 【模拟试题】（答题时间：55分钟）一. 单选1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading2. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meet B. had come; would have metC. come; will meet D. had

24、 come; would meet3. The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been4. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5. He looked as if he _ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D.

25、 had been 6. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gon

26、e 8. Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9. I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10. _ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of

27、 D. But for 11. If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet 12. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 13. I would ha

28、ve told him the answer had it been possible, but I _ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14. Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15. If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. ha

29、d rained B. would have rained C. have rained D. rained 16. He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. would C. do D. had 17. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go 18. I would have gone to the

30、meeting if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 19. Would you rather I _ buying a new bike?A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided against D. shall decide against 20. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _. A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed 21. Why didnt you buy a new car? I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. had B. have had