大学英语四级冠词练习.docx

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大学英语四级冠词练习.docx

大学英语四级冠词练习

冠词用法讲练

〔一〕冠词的位置

1)在名词词组中,冠词一般放在最前面。

例如:

thelastfewdaysareallygoodconcert

2)名词词组里如果有all,both,exactly,just,many,quite,rather,such,what等词,这类词可以放在冠词之前。

例如:

allthetimeboth(the)brothers

exactlythewrongcolourjusttherightplace

quiteanicedayratheramess

suchafunnystory

3)和as,how/however,so,too连用时,形容词放在冠词之前。

例如:

He’snotsobigafoolasyouthink.

She’sascleveragirlasyou’reeverlikelytomeet.

Thisistooheavyabagformetocarry.

Howlargeanarmchairdidhehave?

Howevertiringadayshemayhave,sheneverloseshergoodhumour.

〔二〕不定冠词(IndefiniteArticle)

1)a/an表示“任何一个(类)〞,只能用于单数可数名词前。

例如:

Wearehavingacommitteemeetingthisafternoon.

a/an不用于不可数名词前。

例如:

Therewillbediscussionandargumentatthemeeting.

Hedrinksmilkeveryday.

2)不可数名词用作可数名词时,可用a/an。

例如:

I’vejustboughtalovelybigDanishcheese.

Idon’tlikecheese.

Shewasinspiredwithanewcourage.

Sheshowedgreatcourage.

3)用于表示价格、速度、比率等名词前,如fivepenceakilo,sixtykilometersanhour,fourtimesaday等。

4)用于以下这样的固定短语中。

如acouple,adozen,halfadozen,ahundred,alotof,agreatmany,agreatdealof,alargeamount/quantityof,agoodnumberof等。

I’vedoneagreatdealofworktoday.(不可数)

Whatalargenumberofbooksyouhave!

(可数)

It’sagoodfivemiles(=atleastfivemiles,perhapsmote)tothestation.

5)以元音开头的单词前不定冠词用an,如:

anapple,anegg,anitem,anoldman,anumbrella,anhour;以辅音开头的单词前不定冠词用auniversitystudent,ahumorousman。

EXERCISEl

A.Putaoranbeforeeachofthefollowing:

1.motel(汽车游客旅馆)2.unusualapproach

3.honestboy4.awkwardsituation

5.exit(出口)6.urgentmessage

7.uniqueopportunity8.extremelyexcitingfilm

B.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:

1.一座新办公楼2.一位旅行社代理人

3.一位美国科学家4.一天的郊游

5.一张印度邮票6.一次心脏病发作

7.一个先进国家8.一个有意思的剧本

EXERCISE2

Fillintheblankswithaoranwherenecessary:

1.Telephoneisveryimportantmeansofcommunication.

2.Mothersoftentellsmallchildrenstoriesbeforebedtime.

3.I'llpayyouthousandyear.It’snotenormoussalarybutafterallyouarecompletelyunskilledworker.

4.—You’11getshockifyoutouchlivewirewiththatscrewdriver(螺丝起子).Whydon’tyougetscrewdriverwithinsulated(绝缘的)handle?

5.—I’mnotwage-earner;I’mself-employedman.Ihavebusinessofmyown.

—Thenyou’renotworker;You’recapitalist!

6.—Ihavehourandhalfforlunch.

—Ionlyhavehalfhour—barelytimeforsmokeandcupofcoffee.

7.Ittravelsatjustunderthousandmileshour.

8.Ihaveneverknownsuchhotweather.

EXERCISE3

Insertaoranwherenecessary:

A.

1.Ihadverybadnight;Ididn’tsleepwink(眨眼;打盹).

2.Thismanhashonestythatweallappreciated.

3.Mr.BrownhadvisionofnewandhappierEurope.

4.It’stimeyouhadholiday.Youhaven’thaddayoffformonth.

5.Thereishourlyserviceofbusesinthisroute.

6.Itisgreathonourtobeinvitedtosuchgathering.

7.1wouldn’tclimbmountainfor$1,000!

Ihavehorrorofheights.

8.Childrenusuallylearnthedifferencebetweenrightandwrongatearlyage.

9.Ican’ttellyoudefinitelyyet.I'llhavewordwithmywifeaboutitandtellyouourdecisiontomorrow.

10.Ifboyisnotmakingsatisfactoryprogressatschool,hisparentsshouldseekadvicefromhisteacher.

B.

1.Thisisbigproblem,butnottoobigproblemforustosolve.

2.Hehadsquarenose,greyhairandbrownskin.Shehadneverseensohandsomeman.

3.Howevergreatdisasterhesuffered,Johnnevergaveup.

4.Manyshipwreckedsailorhasbeenrescuedbyourbravecoastguards(海岸警卫队).

5.Suchurgentneedrequirespromptaction.

6.Sourgentneedrequirespromptaction.

7.ThisisaslovelypictureasIhaveeverseen.

8.Idon’tthinkyourealizewhatseriouscrisisthisis.

9.Youcanhardlyhopetosucceedwheremanygreatermanhasfailed.

10.Howseriouscrimehadbeencommittedwasnotrealizeduntilmuchlater.

〔三〕定冠词(DefiniteArticle)

1)定冠词的根本特性

实际上所有名词〔专有名词将另行讨论〕前都可能用定冠词the。

究竟用不用定冠词,主要取决于我们所表达的思想。

如果我们要给予某个名词以明确的、限定的、特指的意义,就用the;反之,就不用the。

请看以下句子:

1

2

Ilovebooks.

Putthebooksontheshelf.

Butterisnotcheap.

ThebutterIboughtisnotcheap.

Hewenttoworkbycar.

Herodetoworkinthenewcar.

Hehasgainedstrength.

Hehasregainedthestrengthhelost.

Ilikemusic.

Ilikethemusiccomposedbytheyoungman.

a)一般用于带有修饰语的名词词组前,但并非所有带修饰语的名词都需要the。

例如:

Don’tyouthinkGeorgianhousesareabsolutelylovely?

Stainlesssteel(不锈钢器皿)hasmanyuses.

Ican’tsayIcareformodernart.

上面三句中斜体局部的名词虽然都有修饰语,因没有明确限定而是泛指一类事物,故不用the。

下面三句斜体局部的名词那么表示提到过的,特指的事物,要用the:

TheGeorgianhouseshavebeensold.

Thestainlesssteelwasbeautiful,butIthoughtmostoftheglass〔玻璃器皿〕theyexhibitedwasratherunimaginative.

Theyshowedawonderfulselectionoftheimpressionists,butthemodernartwastoolimitedinitsrange.

b)也用于有后置修饰语的名词词组前。

例如:

TheoldhouseswhicharemostworthvisitingareintheImperialCity.

Thesteelofthegunbarrelshasgonerusty.

Theartoftheeighteenthcenturyhasneverbeensurpassed〔超过〕.

上面三句中的形容词从句和介词短语明确了是什么样的房子〔whathouses〕,什么样的钢〔whatsteel〕和什么样的艺术〔whatart〕,故用the。

下面三句同样有形容词从句和介词短语修饰名词,但是它们只指这些名词属于某一类事物,并非特指,故不用the。

例如:

Houseswhichfailtosatisfytheseminimumrequirementsaretobepulleddown.

Steelofgreatstrengthisneededforthemanufactureofguns.

Artintheeighteenthcenturyprobablyplayedamoreimportantpartinpeople’slivesthanitdoestoday.

EXERCISE4

Fillintheblankswiththewherenecessary:

1.Theengineersfoundthatsteelwasofinsufficientlyhighquality.Steel,Isuppose,isthemostimportantsingleproductofthemodernindustrialworld.

2.Largeforestscanhaveanimportantinfluenceonclimate.

Forestshaveallbeencutdown.

3.Naturewasprobablyhischiefsourceofinspiration〔灵感,鼓舞〕.

Natureoftheproblemwassuchastoarousehisinterest.

4.Educationoflittlechildrenhasbeengreatlyneglected.

Publiceducationmustbegreatlyextended.

5.Theexploration〔探索〕ofspacehasbecomeoneofthechieftopicsofsciencefiction〔科幻小说〕.

Spacebetweenthetableandthewallwasjustbigenoughforasmallbed.

6.Ipreferclassicalmusictopopmusic.

Filmwasn’tverygoodbutIlikedmusic.

7.Myfavouritesubjectatschoolwashistory.

Allstudentsshouldknowsomethingabouthistoryoftheirowncountry.

8.Icannotjudgeaccuracyofyourcalculations〔计算〕.

Inmathematicsaccuracyisessential.

2)定冠词的主要用法

a)用于单数名词前,表示“某一类人或物〞,以区别于其他人或物。

例如:

Thetigerisafierce〔凶猛的〕animal.〔相当于Atigerisafierceanimal.或Tigersarefierceanimals.〕

Inthistribethewomangoesouthuntingandthemanstaysathometolookafterthechildren.

下面三句中的斜体局部不能互换:

Whoinventedtheradio?

〔指类别〕

Whohadaradio?

〔指同类中的任何一个〕

Whomanufacturedradios?

〔指这一类中的所有个体〕

man指“人类〞时,不用the。

例如:

Manwillconquernature.

b)用于指世上独一无二的东西,如themoon,thesun,theworld等。

c)用于表示“乐器〞的名词前,但一般不用于表示“体育运动〞的名词前。

例如:

Canyouplaytheguitar?

Iplayfootballeveryday.

d)用于某些形容词前,可表示“一类人〞。

例如:

Theyoungareimpatient;theywantchanges.

e)一般不用于表示“疾病〞的名词前。

例如:

I’mjustrecoveringfromrheumatism〔风湿病〕.

以下病名前一般用a/an:

Ihaveanacheinmyhead(apainintheneck).

Hehasacold/afever.

特指时需要用the。

例如:

Jimhasneverreallygotoverthemalaria〔疟疾〕hecaughtintheEast.

f)一般不用于表示“膳食〞的名词前,但有形容词修饰时用the。

例如:

Breakfastisservedateight.

Theweddingbreakfastwasheldinherfather’shouse.

如果泛指,用a/an。

例如:

Hegaveusagoodbreakfast.

g)bed,church,college,court,hospital,market,prison,school,sea和work等名词用来指有关活动时,一般不用冠词。

例如:

It’stimeforchildrentogotobed.〔指tosleep〕

HegoestochurcheverySunday.〔指topray〕

Afterthecrash,sevenpeopleweretakentohospital.〔指tobecured〕

Hespentsixmonthsinprison.〔指tobepunished〕

AfterIleaveschool,Iwanttogoto(a)university.〔指tostudy〕

Kenisaseaman.Hespendsmostofhislifeatsea.〔指tosail〕

注:

在美国英语中,通常用a/thehospital,auniversity。

出于其他目的,如去参观、访问这些地方或谈到这些地方时,根据情况用a或the。

例如:

Thereisabedintheroom.

Shewasputtingcleansheetsonthebed.

Theworkmenwenttothechurchtorepairtheroof.

Tomwenttotheprisontovisithisbrother.

Iwouldlovetolivenearthesea.

home单独使用时,无冠词;有修饰语时,用the或a。

例如:

Shelefthome.

Wewenttothebride'shome.

Idon’thaveahometogotointhiscity.

h)当cinema,theatre,radio等名词用于表示“看电影、看戏、听无线电〞时,一般要用the。

例如:

Wewenttothecinemalastnight.

Doyouoftengotothetheatre?

Iheardthenewsontheradio.

television用于表示“看电视〞时不用the。

例如:

Iwatchedthenewsontelevision.

指“电视机〞时用the。

例如:

Canyouturnoffthetelevision,please?

(=thetelevisionset)

注:

许多固定词组中的名词前通常没有冠词,需要熟记,如dayafterday,husbandandwife,fatherandson,lockandkey,heavenandhell等。

EXERCISE5

A.Fillintheblankswithaorthewherenecessary:

1.Afterlunch,wewentforwalkbysea.

2.Steam-enginewasinventedbeforeinternalcombustionengine〔内燃机〕.

3.Bat,theysay,judgesdistancesbykindofecho-location.

4.HegoestochurcheverySunday;churchheusuallygoestohasseatsforoverthousand.

5.ThisismostusefulreferencebookIhaveonthissubject.

6.Wehavegoodmarketintownwherewebuyourfruitand_______vegetables.

7.Prisoninthistownisgrim-lookingbuilding.

8.Youngestboyhasjuststartedgoingtoschool;eldestboyisatcollege.

9.Deadnolongerneedhelp.Wemustconcernourselveswithliving.

10.Johnbecamemanagerandsecretaryofthecompanysametime.

B.Insertaorthewherenecessary:

1.Horseisnobleanimalandfaithfulservantofman.

2.Chessisgamewhichrequiresgreatskillandpatience.

3.Thestrangerwenttoschooltocomplainaboutbehaviour〔行为〕of

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