they的用法总结.docx

they的用法总结.docx

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they的用法总结

they的用法总结

they的用法总结大全

they的意思

pron.他/她/它们,人们,大家,政府,当局,她们

they用法

they可以用作名词

they是第三人称的复数形式,无性别之分,代表已提到过的一些人或事,在句中多用作主语,通常放在它所指代的名词之后,偶尔也可放在它所指代的词之前.有时为了避免显露性别,

they也可以代替he,she或it.they后可接whom等引导的定语从句.

they用作名词的用法例句

Womenusedtothinktheywereontheshelfat30.过去女人一到30岁就认为是过了结婚年龄.

Theyaregoingtomovetoanewhousene_tweek.下星期他们将迁入新居.

Ihaveadogandacat,buttheyfightallthetime.我养了一只猫和一只狗,但它们老是打架.

they用法例句

1.Theyhavemaintainedtheiroptimisminthefaceofdesolating

subjugation.

面对遭征服的悲惨命运,他们保持了乐观的态度.

2.HesaidtheyshouldturntheirfireontheConservativeParty

instead.

他说他们应该掉转枪口,向保守党开火.

3.Theyfoundalabyrinthoftunnelsundertheground.

他们发现了一处迷宫似的地道.

〝they〞从一个复数名词变为单数名词!

那语法应该怎么用?

早在_世纪的中古英语中,杰弗里·乔叟.威廉·莎士比亚.简·奥斯汀等知名作家就将they作为单数形式进行使用.

Andwhosofyndethhymoutofswichblame,Theywolcomeup...—Chaucer,

ThePardonersPrologue（c._95）

〝不管是谁唱的赞美诗,Ta都会来的...〞--乔叟

Tismeetthatsomemoreaudiencethanamother,sincenaturemakesthem

partial,shouldoerhearthespeech.—Shakespeare,Hamlet

〝母亲对儿子总会有点偏袒,所以最好有个第三者悄悄听听看.〞--莎士比亚,《哈姆雷特》

同时,除了使用they,代词he也被认为可以作中性词使用.

Supposeitwereperfectlycertainthatthelifeandfortuneofeveryone

ofuswoulddependonhiswinningorlosingagameofchess.—ThomasHu_ley,A

LiberalEducation（_68）

〝假使真的存在这么一种情况,即我们每个人的生命和财产有一天要由自己在象棋比赛中的输赢决定,那么,你们不认为我们的首要任务是对象棋进行一定的学习吗?

〞--托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎,《通识教育》

Ifanyonedidnotknowit,itwashisownfault.—GeorgeWashington

Cable,OldCreoleDays（_79）

〝如果有人不知道,那就是他自己的错.〞--乔治·华盛顿·凯布尔,《克里奥尔人和过去的年代》

2._世纪的性别通用he的趋势

_世纪中叶后,倡导在非正式英语中使用he而非they的用法.

_95年的语法（Baskervill,W.M.与Sewell,J.W.的《AnEnglishGrammarfortheUseof

HighSchool,AcademyandCollegeClass》）标记了they可以作为单数名词的用法,但也特别推荐使用代词he.

指代_性别:

theidealthateveryboyandgirlshouldbesoequippedthathe

shallnotbehandicappedinhisstruggleforsocialprogress...—C.C.Fries,

AmericanEnglishGrammar,（_40）

〝理想是每个男孩和女孩都应该有的,这使他在社会进步的斗争中不受阻碍...〞--查尔斯·卡本特·弗里斯

指代两元性别的人:

SheandLouishadagame—whocouldfindtheugliestphotographof

himself.—JosephP.Lash,EleanorandFranklin（_71）

〝她和路易士玩游游戏,各自找出自己最难看的照片.〞--约瑟·P·拉什

3.20世纪开始趋于适用性别中性语言

在20世纪的下半个世纪,女权主义者关注〝性别歧视主义〞的男性导向式语言.其中〝he〞作为性别通用代词就引发了许多争议.于是就出现了一些人在性别未知的情况下,偏向用they来表示个体,作为单数代词来使用.

例如Facebook早在_年2月就有56个性别可供选择.除了最传统的〝男〞〝女〞二元选项外,还包括——

Gender

Nonconforming:

非常规性别,指拒绝接受传统性别二元区分的人,选择这一选项的人,强调的是自己的拒绝特征:

我不属于传统二元,但我也不会去精确定位自己的位置.

GenderQuestioning:

性别存疑,指对自己的性别归属不完全确定.还没有找到最适合自己的性别认同标签的人.

GenderVariant:

变体性别,和非常规性别类似.

Genderqueer:

酷儿性别和非常规性别类似.

Non-binary:

非二元,和非常规性别类似.

Agender:

无性别,指没有发育性别.或者没有感觉到自己有任何强烈性别归属的人.

GenderFluid:

流性人,指在不同时间经历性别认知改变的人.

英国歌手山姆·史密斯（Sam

Smith）近来在推特上表示,希望外界要以英文代词称呼自己时,请使用〝They/Them〞,并非传统的〝He/Him〞,因为他并非属于男或女的二元性别.

They的单数用法

Facebookmadequiteasplashlately.Notwithanewserviceorthe

announcementofsomesmashingfinancialresults.Instead,thecompanywillallow

userstochoosesomethingbesides〝Male〞or〝Female〞forthegenderontheir

profile.Itsachangethattransgenderpeopleandotherswhodonotfeel100%

maleorfemalehavegreetedwithjoyandrelief.

Facebook’sradicalmove—radicalinthebestsense—wasaccompaniedby

another,butaltogetherlessradical,change.Ifsomeonedoesn’twanttobe

knownaseithermaleorfemale,thatsamepersonwillnotwanttosee,on

others’Facebookpages,themessage〝Wishhimahappybirthday!

〞or〝Wishhera

happybirthday!

〞Howshouldtheybereferredto?

Theanswerisinthatlastsentence.Theantecedenttothepronounis

someone,andthepronounis,ofcourse,they.Now,someoneisgrammatically

singular（ittakesasingularverb）,andtheyisinmostcasessemantically

plural（conjuringagroup,notanindividual）.Sosomegrammatical

traditionaliststhink〝singularthey〞isalwayswrong.Butinfact,singular

〝they〞isastraditionalasitgets.

Howso?

Englishhasagapinitspronounset.Weoftenneedtorefertoan

unknownperson（〝someone〞,〝anyone〞,〝ator〞andthelike）.Ifwelaterusea

pronounforthatsameperson,ofunknownorunimportantse_,some

traditionalistssaythat〝he〞isthebestsolution—someoneissingular,sothe

pronounmustbetoo.Butwhilehematchesinnumber,itisamismatchingender:

thereisastrongchancetheunknownreferentisfemale.This〝traditional〞

solutionisflawed.

Buttraditionalistsneednotpanic.Singulartheyhasappearedinthe

finestEnglishwritingforcenturies.

〝Andwhosofyndethhymoutofswitchblame,theywolcomeup…〞（Chaucer,

ThePardoner’sPrologue）

〝Andeveryonetorestthemselvesbetake〞（Shakespeare,TheRapeof

Lucrece）

〝Ifyefromyourheartsforgivenoteveryonetheirtrespasses〞（KingJames

Bible,Matthew_:

35）

〝Iwouldhaveeverybodymarryiftheycandoitproperly〞（JaneAusten,

MansfieldPark）.

Itisonlyinmorerecentcenturiesthatsomegrammariansbegantoinsist

thatthepronounbesingular,andthatheshouldbethoughtofas

gender-neutral.Butrecentpsychologicalresearchhasshownthattheso-called

generichedoescalluptheimageofamanorboy.Inthemodernworld,it

makeslittlesensetoe_poseyoungwomenandgirlstorepeatedinstancesofA

lawyershouldknowhisclient’sneedsorAgoodtoralwayslistenstohis

patients.Andthatisevenbeforewegettointerse_,transse_ualandother

cases.

Mostofthealternativestosingulartheyareworse.Heorsheisugly,

especiallyonrepetition.OurStyleGuidesaysthatgenericheisfine,

perhapstoalternatewiththeoccasionalgenericshe.Butthiscanseemcutesy,

orattheveryleastdistracting.Andallsuggestionsforinventednew

gender-neutralpronounshavefailed:

pronouns（unlikenounsandverbs）area

〝closedclass〞ofwords,almostneveradmittingnewmembers.Achildren’sauthor

hastriedagainrecentlyinSweden;itistoosoontotellifitwillsucceed,

butthesmartmoneywouldbeagainst.

Facedwiththisconundrum,whattodo?

Torecap,theoptionsare

-beinaccurateandpotentiallyse_ist（generiche）

-beawkwardandugly（heorshe）

-switchheandsheatrandom

-inventsomethingthatwillneverwork（newpronouns）

-dowhatCa_ton,Chaucer,Shakespeare,Austen,Thackeray,Spenserand

countlessothershavedone,andwhatyouprobablydoininformalspeechyourself

（singularthey）

Facebookmadeasurprisinglyeasychoice.

Therewillalwaysbethosewhothinksingulartheyiswrong.（Ourstyle

guidecallsitscrambledsynta_.）Whereavoidingdistractingorannoyingsuch

peopleisparamountinyourwriting,thebestsolutionistoreword,putting

thingsinthepluraltogoroundthechoice.（MakeThecarefulwriterkeepshis

readersinmindintoCarefulwriterskeeptheirreadersinmind.）Butsometimes

thissolutionwillnotwork,orproducessomethinglesselegant.

Singulartheyiscommoninalmosteveryone’srela_edspeech.Itmaynot

makestylisticsenseforatoralthesis.Butitdoesformanypeoplewho

rejecttraditionalgender.Mosttransgenderpeopleprefertheirnewgender-based

pronoun,soheandshearejustfine.Butforaminority,theymightbe

best.Facebookhasgiventhemthatoption,withoutreallydoingdamageto

Englishtradition.

So,thinkaboutyouraudience,gaugetheeffectyou’regoingfor,consider

howformalthesituation,andmakethechoicethatworksbest.Inaworldfull

ofimperfectpeopleandimperfectsolutions,justrememberthat,asJonathan

Swiftwrote,〝Everyfoolcandoasthey’rebid.〞

they的用法总结大全