they的用法总结.docx

1、they的用法总结they的用法总结 they的用法总结大全 they的意思 pron. 他/她/它们,人们,大家,政府,当局,她们 they用法 they可以用作名词 they是第三人称的复数形式,无性别之分,代表已提到过的一些人或事,在句中多用作主语,通常放在它所指代的名词之后,偶尔也可放在它所指代的词之前.有时为了避免显露性别, they也可以代替he, she或it.they后可接whom等引导的定语从句. they用作名词的用法例句 Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30.过去女人一到30岁就认为是过了结婚年龄. They a

2、re going to move to a new house ne_t week.下星期他们将迁入新居. I have a dog and a cat, but they fight all the time.我养了一只猫和一只狗,但它们老是打架. they用法例句 1.They have maintained their optimism in the face of desolating subjugation. 面对遭征服的悲惨命运,他们保持了乐观的态度. 2.He said they should turn their fire on the Conservative Party i

3、nstead. 他说他们应该掉转枪口,向保守党开火. 3.They found a labyrinth of tunnels under the ground. 他们发现了一处迷宫似的地道. they从一个复数名词变为单数名词!那语法应该怎么用? 早在_世纪的中古英语中,杰弗里乔叟.威廉莎士比亚.简奥斯汀等知名作家就将they作为单数形式进行使用. And whoso fyndeth hym out of swich blame, They wol come up . . . Chaucer, The Pardoner s Prologue (c. _95) 不管是谁唱的赞美诗,Ta都会来的.

4、-乔叟 Tis meet that some more audience than a mother, since nature makes them partial, should o erhear the speech. Shakespeare, Hamlet 母亲对儿子总会有点偏袒,所以最好有个第三者悄悄听听看.-莎士比亚,哈姆雷特 同时,除了使用they,代词he也被认为可以作中性词使用. Suppose it were perfectly certain that the life and fortune of every one of us would depend on his

5、winning or losing a game of chess. Thomas Hu_ley, A Liberal Education (_68) 假使真的存在这么一种情况,即我们每个人的生命和财产有一天要由自己在象棋比赛中的输赢决定,那么,你们不认为我们的首要任务是对象棋进行一定的学习吗?-托马斯亨利赫胥黎,通识教育 If any one did not know it, it was his own fault. George Washington Cable, Old Creole Days (_79) 如果有人不知道,那就是他自己的错.-乔治华盛顿凯布尔,克里奥尔人和过去的年代 2

6、. _世纪的性别通用he的趋势 _世纪中叶后,倡导在非正式英语中使用he而非they的用法. _95年的语法(Baskervill, W.M.与Sewell, J.W.的An English Grammar for the Use of High School, Academy and College Class)标记了they可以作为单数名词的用法,但也特别推荐使用代词he. 指代_性别: the ideal that every boy and girl should be so equipped that he shall not be handicapped in his strugg

7、le for social progress . . . C.C. Fries, American English Grammar, (_40) 理想是每个男孩和女孩都应该有的,这使他在社会进步的斗争中不受阻碍.-查尔斯卡本特弗里斯 指代两元性别的人: She and Louis had a gamewho could find the ugliest photograph of himself. Joseph P. Lash, Eleanor and Franklin (_71) 她和路易士玩游游戏,各自找出自己最难看的照片.-约瑟P拉什 3. 20世纪开始趋于适用性别中性语言 在20世纪的

8、下半个世纪,女权主义者关注性别歧视主义的男性导向式语言.其中he作为性别通用代词就引发了许多争议.于是就出现了一些人在性别未知的情况下,偏向用they来表示个体,作为单数代词来使用. 例如Facebook早在_年2月就有56个性别可供选择.除了最传统的男女二元选项外,还包括 Gender Nonconforming:非常规性别,指拒绝接受传统性别二元区分的人,选择这一选项的人,强调的是自己的拒绝特征:我不属于传统二元,但我也不会去精确定位自己的位置. Gender Questioning:性别存疑,指对自己的性别归属不完全确定.还没有找到最适合自己的性别认同标签的人. Gender Varia

9、nt:变体性别,和非常规性别类似. Genderqueer:酷儿性别 和非常规性别类似. Non-binary:非二元,和非常规性别类似. Agender:无性别,指没有发育性别.或者没有感觉到自己有任何强烈性别归属的人. Gender Fluid:流性人,指在不同时间经历性别认知改变的人. 英国歌手山姆史密斯(Sam Smith)近来在推特上表示,希望外界要以英文代词称呼自己时,请使用They/Them,并非传统的He/Him,因为他并非属于男或女的二元性别. They的单数用法 Facebook made quite a splash lately. Not with a new serv

10、ice or the announcement of some smashing financial results. Instead, the company will allow users to choose something besides Male or Female for the gender on their profile. It s a change that transgender people and others who do not feel 100% male or female have greeted with joy and relief. Faceboo

11、ks radical moveradical in the best sensewas accompanied by another, but altogether less radical, change. If someone doesnt want to be known as either male or female, that same person will not want to see, on others Facebook pages, the message Wish him a happy birthday! or Wish her a happy birthday!

12、How should they be referred to? The answer is in that last sentence. The antecedent to the pronoun is someone, and the pronoun is, of course, they. Now, someone is grammatically singular (it takes a singular verb), and they is in most cases semantically plural (conjuring a group, not an individual).

13、 So some grammatical traditionalists think singular they is always wrong. But in fact, singular they is as traditional as it gets. How so? English has a gap in its pronoun set. We often need to refer to an unknown person (someone, anyone, a tor and the like). If we later use a pronoun for that same

14、person, of unknown or unimportant se_, some traditionalists say that he is the best solutionsomeone is singular, so the pronoun must be too. But while he matches in number, it is a mismatch in gender: there is a strong chance the unknown referent is female. This traditional solution is flawed. But t

15、raditionalists need not panic. Singular they has appeared in the finest English writing for centuries. And whoso fyndeth hym out of switch blame, they wol come up (Chaucer, The Pardoners Prologue ) And everyone to rest themselves betake (Shakespeare, The Rape of Lucrece ) If ye from your hearts forg

16、ive not every one their trespasses (King James Bible, Matthew _:35) I would have everybody marry if they can do it properly (Jane Austen, Mansfield Park ). It is only in more recent centuries that some grammarians began to insist that the pronoun be singular, and that he should be thought of as gend

17、er-neutral. But recent psychological research has shown that the so-called generic he does call up the image of a man or boy. In the modern world, it makes little sense to e_pose young women and girls to repeated instances of A lawyer should know his clients needs or A good tor always listens to his

18、 patients. And that is even before we get to interse_, transse_ual and other cases. Most of the alternatives to singular they are worse. He or she is ugly, especially on repetition. Our Style Guide says that generic he is fine, perhaps to alternate with the occasional generic she. But this can seem

19、cutesy, or at the very least distracting. And all suggestions for invented new gender-neutral pronouns have failed: pronouns (unlike nouns and verbs) are a closed class of words, almost never admitting new members. A childrens author has tried again recently in Sweden; it is too soon to tell if it w

20、ill succeed, but the smart money would be against. Faced with this conundrum, what to do? To recap, the options are - be inaccurate and potentially se_ist (generic he) - be awkward and ugly (he or she) - switch he and she at random - invent something that will never work (new pronouns) - do what Ca_

21、ton, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Austen, Thackeray, Spenser and countless others have done, and what you probably do in informal speech yourself (singular they) Facebook made a surprisingly easy choice. There will always be those who think singular they is wrong. (Our style guide calls it scrambled synta_

22、 .) Where avoiding distracting or annoying such people is paramount in your writing, the best solution is to reword, putting things in the plural to go round the choice. (Make The careful writer keeps his readers in mind into Careful writers keep their readers in mind.) But sometimes this solution w

23、ill not work, or produces something less elegant. Singular they is common in almost everyones rela_ed speech. It may not make stylistic sense for a toral thesis. But it does for many people who reject traditional gender. Most transgender people prefer their new gender-based pronoun, so he and she ar

24、e just fine. But for a minority, they might be best. Facebook has given them that option, without really doing damage to English tradition. So, think about your audience, gauge the effect youre going for, consider how formal the situation, and make the choice that works best. In a world full of imperfect people and imperfect solutions, just remember that, as Jonathan Swift wrote, Every fool can do as theyre bid. they的用法总结大全